Part I: Large Spatial Scale Ecology
Chapter One: The Unique Contribution of Rothamsted to Ecological Research at Large Temporal Scales
- Abstract
- 1 Introduction to Long-Term Ecological Research at Rothamsted
- 2 Monitoring the Impact of Environmental Change
- 3 Community Ecology
- 4 Ecosystem Stability and Resilience
- 5 Evolutionary Ecology
- 6 Soil Microbial Ecology
- 7 Conclusion
- Acknowledgements
Chapter Two: How Agricultural Intensification Affects Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services
- Abstract
- 1 Introduction
- 2 The CAP and AI
- 3 Local-Level and Landscape-Level Effects of AI
- 4 Organic-Conventional Comparisons
- 5 Linking AI to Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services
- 6 Conclusions
- Acknowledgements
Chapter Three: Litter Decomposition as an Indicator of Stream Ecosystem Functioning at Local-to-Continental Scales: Insights from the European RivFunction Project
- Abstract
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Nutrient Enrichment Effects on Leaf Litter Decomposition
- 3 Effects of Riparian Forest Modifications on Leaf Litter Decomposition
- 4 Biodiversity-Related Mechanisms Underlying Altered Litter Decomposition
- 5 Accomodating Natural Variability When Using Litter Decomposition in Stream Assessment
- 6 Towards the Integration of Ecosystem Functioning into Stream Management
- Acknowledgements
Chapter Four: Unravelling the Impacts of Micropollutants in Aquatic Ecosystems: Interdisciplinary Studies at the Interface of Large-Scale Ecology
- Abstract
- 1 Large-Scale Ecology and Human Impacts on Ecosystems
- 2 Water Management as a Real-World Experiment
- 3 Outlook: Potential of Combining Real-World and Research-Led Experiments
- Acknowledgements
Part II: Large/Long Temporal Scale Ecology and Model Systems
Chapter Five: The Colne Estuary: A Long-Term Microbial Ecology Observatory
- Abstract
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Study Site Description
- 3 Functional Ecology of Estuarine Microbes
- 4 Estuarine Saltmarshes
- 5 Estuaries and Climatically Important Trace Gases
- 6 Stressors and Pollution
- 7 Future Directions
- Acknowledgements
Chapter Six: Locally Extreme Environments as Natural Long-Term Experiments in Ecology
- Abstract
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Locally Extreme Environments as Long-Term Experiments
- 3 Case Study: Mofettes
- 4 Conclusions
- Acknowledgements
Chapter Seven: Climate-Driven Range Shifts Within Benthic Habitats Across a Marine Biogeographic Transition Zone
- Abstract
- 1 Introduction
- 2 The Rise of Natural History and Species Recording
- 3 History and Development of Biogeographic Research in the Northeast Atlantic
- 4 Patterns of Change Across the Boreal–Lusitanian Biogeographic Breakpoint in the Northeast Atlantic
- 5 Factors Setting Biogeographic Range Limits
- 6 Long-Term Time-Series for Benthic Ecosystems in the Northeast Atlantic and Regional Seas
- 7 Observed Changes in the Physical Environment
- 8 Impacts of Climate Change on Intertidal Benthic Species
- 9 Future Advances in Quantifying and Modelling Distributional Responses to Climate Change
Chapter Eight: Cross-Scale Approaches to Forecasting Biogeographic Responses to Climate Change
- Abstract
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Common Pitfalls and Their Unintended Consequences
- 3 Moving Forward: How Do We Make Useful Forecasts While Recognizing Limitations?
- 4 Conclusions
- Acknowledgements
Part III: Large SpatioTemporal Scale Ecology
Chapter Nine: Shifting Impacts of Climate Change: Long-Term Patterns of Plant Response to Elevated CO2, Drought, and Warming Across Ecosystems
- Abstract
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Methods for Data Analysis
- 3 Results
- 4 Discussion
- 5 Conclusions
- Acknowledgements
- Appendix A Details of the Database I
- Appendix B Details of the Database II
- Appendix C Site Details
- Appendix D Site Groupings
Chapter Ten: Recovery and Nonrecovery of Freshwater Food Webs from the Effects of Acidification
- Abstract
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Methods
- 3 Results
- 4 Discussion
- 5 Conclusion
- Acknowledgements
- Appendix
Chapter Eleven: Effective River Restoration in the 21st Century: From Trial and Error to Novel Evidence-Based Approaches
- Abstract
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Responses of River Biota to Hydrology and Physical Habitats
- 3 The Current Restoration Paradigm
- 4 Effects of Restoration
- 5 Future Directions
- 6 Conclusions
- Acknowledgements
Part IV: A Look To the Future
Chapter Twelve: Recommendations for the Next Generation of Global Freshwater Biological Monitoring Tools
- Abstract
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Invertebrates as Indicators of Ecosystem State
- 3 Decomposition-Based Indicators
- 4 Fishery Indicators: Learning from the Marine Realm
- 5 Molecular-Based Indicators
- 6 Indicators of Change Across Space and Time
- 7 Conclusions and Future Directions
- Acknowledgments