Job Hazard Analysis
1st Edition
A guide for voluntary compliance and beyond
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Description
Job Hazard Analysis: A Guide for Voluntary Compliance and Beyond presents a new and improved concept for Job Hazard Analysis (JHA) that guides the reader through the whole process of developing tools for identifying workplace hazards, creating systems that support hazard recognition, designing an effective JHA, and integrating a JHA based program into occupational safety and health management systems. The book goes beyond the traditional approach of focusing just on the sequence of steps and demonstrates how to integrate a risk assessment and behavioral component into the process by incorporating elements from Behavior-Related Safety and Six Sigma. This approach allows businesses to move from mere compliance to pro-active safety management.
This book methodically develops the risk assessment basis needed for ANSI/AIHA Z10 and other safety and health management systems. It is supported by numerous real-life examples, end of chapter review questions, sample checklists, action plans and forms. There is a complete online solutions manual for instructors adopting the book in college and university occupational safety and health courses.
This text is intended for lecturers and students in occupational safety and health courses as well as vocational and degree courses at community colleges and universities. It will also appeal to safety and health professionals in all industries; supervisors, senior managers and HR professionals with responsibility for safety and health; and loss control and insurance professionals.
Key Features
Readership
Safety and Health professionals in all industries; supervisors, senior managers and HR professionals with responsibility for safety and health. Loss control and insurance professionals. Lecturers and students on occupational safety and health courses - vocational and degree courses at community colleges and universities.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Why Do You Need This Book? The Value of the JHA What Is A Job Hazard Analysis? What is in this Book? Connecting the Dots
Part 1, Developing a Toolkit for Identifying Workplace Risk and Hazards
Chapter 1, Preparing for the Risk and Hazard Assessment
The Centerpiece of a Safety Process Hazard Recognition and Control Systems Conducting a Risk Assessment of the Workplace Prioritizing the Risk Assessment Findings Developing Solutions to Resolve Risk-Related Issues Recommending and Implementing Controls Monitoring the Results Developing a System to Identify and Report Hazards Company Safety Policy Involving Employees in the JHA Process Protecting Employees from Harassment Identifying Workplace Hazards Employee Reporting Systems Verbal Reports Suggestion Programs Hazard Card Program “Hazard Wanted” Program A Word of Caution With Regard to Hazard Reporting Maintenance Work Orders Forms Used to Report Hazards Action Planning Tracking Hazards Tracking by Committee Follow-up Reviews Codes of Safe Work Practices Summary Review Chapter Questions References
Appendix
A Sample Guidance in Writing a Complete Statement Sample Policy Safety Statements B Sample Forms for Employee Reporting Of Hazards Tracking Hazard Corrections Follow-Up Documentation C Action Planning Three Sample Versions are Included D Codes of Safe Practices
Chapter 2, Workplace Hazard Analysis and Review of Associated Risk
Objective Analysis of the Workplace System Inspections and Audits The Checklist Consultant and Outside Specialist Employee Interviews Types of Inspections General Walk-Around Inspections Verification Reviews Focus Reviews Self-Assessment Document Review General Walk-Around Inspections Verification Reviews Focus Reviews Self-Assessment Document Review Written Inspection Reports Who Should Review the Workplace? Supervisors Employees Safety Professionals Preventive Maintenance Programs Other Things to Consider during a Site Inspection Incident Investigations Trend Analysis Summary Review Chapter Questions References
Appendix
E Self-Inspection Checklists
Chapter 3, Developing Systems to Manage Hazards
Hierarchy of Controls
Why Engineering Controls?
Administrative Control
PPE
PPE Limitations
PPE Hazard Assessment
Work Practices and Safety Rules
General Safety Rules
Limitations of Work Practices and Safety Rules
Change Analysis
A Change in the Process
Building or Leasing a New Facility
New Equipment Installation
Using New Materials
Employee Changes
Adapting to Change
Other Analytical Tools for Consideration:
Summary
Review Chapter Questions
References
Appendix
F Sample Safety Rules G PPE Assessment Guidelines for complying with PPE requirements Hazard Assessment for PPE, Option 1 Job Hazard Analysis Assessment for PPE, Option 2 Example Personal Protective Equipment Training Certification Form Example Personal Protective Equipment Training Quiz, (RECOMMENDED) Sample PPE Policies, INSTRUCTIONS H Safety Review of New/Relocated Equipment Major Modification Sign-Off Form I Other Analytical Tools for Consideration
Part 2, Developing Systems that Support Hazard Recognition
Chapter 4, Understanding the Human Role in the Safety Process
How are At-Risk Events Developed? What Contributes to an At-Risk Event? The Feedback Loop Behavior Approach Changing Behavior Understanding Why Employees Put Themselves at Risk Understanding the Other Side of Safety Benefits of Behavior-Based Safety Behavior-Based Safety and Integrated Safety Management Functions Seven Guiding Principles of Integrated Safety Management Five Core Functions of Integrated Safety Management Will a BBS Process Work for you? Summary Chapter Review Questions References
Appendix
J Sample Behavior (At-Risk Events) List
Chapter 5, Effective Use of Employee Participation
Why Should Employees Be Involved? Involving Employees in the Safety Management System Close Contact with Hazards Improved Support More Participation More Awareness Hawthorne Studies Committee Participation Getting Employee Participation Started Form a Committee How to involve Employees in the Process Joint Labor-Management Committees Other Joint Committees Employee Safety Committees Central Safety Committee Function-Specific Committees Areas of Employee Participation Conducting Site Inspections Routine Hazard Analysis Developing or Revising Site-Specific Safety Rules Training Other Employees Employee Orientation Different Approaches: Union and Non-Union Sites Unionized Work Sites Non-Union Work Sites Forms of Employee Participation What Can Management Must Do Summary Chapter Review Questions References
Appendix
K Example of a Committee Team Charter
Chapter 6, Defining Associated Risk Risk Management General Risk Management Theories and Models People (Employees) The Environment Tools/Equipment/Materials Policies, Procedures, and Management Considerations Job Steps and Task Considerations The System Engineering Model Risk versus Benefit Risk Management Communication Risk Management Responsibilities Supervision Responsibilities Employees Responsibilities Risk Assessment Classification and Ranking Hazards Risk versus Opportunity Safety Significance What Does Success Look Like? Summary Chapter Review Questions References
Chapter 7, Assessing Safety and Health Training Needs
How is a Good Trainer Defined? Basic Training Principles Types of Safety Education General Safety Instruction How to Conduct Safety Training Training Plan Linked To Consequences Natural consequences System consequences Steps in the Course Development Process Conducting a Training Needs Analysis Developing Learning Activities Establishing Learning Objectives Guidelines for Writing Learning Objectives Components of Learning Objectives Target Audience Audience Analysis Behavior Types of Behavior in Learning Objectives Cognitive behaviors Knowledge-level cognitive behaviors Comprehension-level cognitive behaviors Application-level cognitive behaviors Problem-solving cognitive behaviors Psychomotor Behaviors Affective Behaviors Learning Styles Conditions Course Content Development Delivering Effective Safety Training Safety Program Evaluation Level 1: Measuring Employees Reaction Level 2: Measures KSA's in the Learning Environment Level 3: Evaluates the application of KSA's in the Work Environment Level 4: Evaluates how training has impacted productivity Level 5: Evaluates how training has impacted profits Recordkeeping Other Effective Training “Blues Clues” Training Techniques Improved Self-Esteem? Summary Review Chapter Questions References
Appendix
L Sample, Safety and Health Training Policy,
ANSI Guidelines for Evaluating Training Programs Sample Safety Training Program Audit Sample Training CertificationPart 3- Developing an Effective Job Hazard Analysis
Chapter 8, Planning for the Job Hazard Analysis
Where do I begin? Regaining the “Feel” of the Workplace Conducting the JHA Why is a JHA Important? Benefits of Developing JHA's Drawbacks of a JHA Why Is It Important to Get Employees Involved in the Process? Selecting a Team How do I know that A JHA will Work For Me? Defining the JHA Selecting the Jobs for Analysis Non-Routine Tasks Summary Review Chapter Questions References
Appendix
M Description of Common Hazards
Chapter 9, Breaking the Job Down Into Individual Components Basic Steps in the JHA Development Process Tasks Defined Using a Checklist Methods for Breaking down the Job into Steps and Tasks Discussion Method Observation Method What Tools can be used to enhance the JHA Process? Cameras and Video Equipment Drawings and Sketches “Can’t See the Forest for the Trees” Summary Review Chapter Questions References
Appendix
N Sample Facility Checklist
Chapter 10, Putting together the Puzzle Pieces
Completing the JHA Form
The Header
Job Description
Department
Date Developed
Page Numbering
Performed by
Approvals
PPE
Body of JHA
Job Steps and Task-Specific Description
Risk Assessment
Existing and Potential Hazards and Consequences of Exposure
At-Risk Events and Preventative Measures
Preventative Measures
Eliminate the hazard.
Substitute
Engineering
Contain the hazard
Administrative Controls
Revise work procedures
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Reduce the exposure
Residual Risk
Benefit review, Getting the Biggest Bang for the Buck
Okay, I have completed the JHA, Now What!
Review JHAs until Employee Understands Hazards of Job
Revising the JHA
Summary
Review Chapter Questions
References
Appendix O
Sample instructions on how to change a tire on a car.
Sample Job Hazard Analysis Pre-Hazard Assessment Worksheet
JHA on Changing a Tire
JHA on Changing a Tire, Annotated
Comparison JHA on Changing a Tire, Traditional vs. New Version
Job Hazard Analysis, Canadian Centre for Occupational Health & Safety (CCOHS)
Chapter 11, Standard or Safe Operating Procedures (SOP)
How Far is far enough? Why develop an SOP?
Elements of an SOP
Summary
Review Chapter Questions
Appendix
P Standard Operating Procedure for Changing a Tire Send New Updated File
Part 4, Additional Tools That Can Be Used To Develop A Successful JHA
Chapter 12, Overview of a Safety Management Process
Process Elements What are the Voluntary Protection Programs? How does VPP work? How does VPP help employers and employees? Management Commitment and Leadership Employee participation Hazard Identification and Assessment Hazard Prevention and Control) Education and Training Employee Training Management Training Evaluation of Process Effectiveness The Nature of All Safety Systems Indicators and Measures Assessment Techniques Multi-Employer Workplace Employee Rights Healing a Sick System The PDSA Cycle Voluntary Protection Program Summary Review Chapter Questions References
Appendix None
Chapter 13, Six Sigma as a Management System: A Tool for Effectively Managing a JHA Process
Six Sigma Exposed The Beginning What Does Process Improvement Mean? What Does Process Improvement Look Like? Benefits of Improving a Process Improving the Process Using the Six Sigma Methodology A Basic Six Sigma Process Improvement Model DMAIC Methodology Defining the Project Measuring the Project Analyzing the Project Improving the Project Controlling the Project Define Phase Step 1, Define the Scope of the Project. Selecting the Process Step 2, Developing a Problem Statement Step 3, Define the Appropriate Metric Step 4, Develop Objective Statement Step 5, Select and Organize the “Right” Team. Measure Phase Step 6, Develop a Macro Map of Current Process Step 7, Define the project with Pareto charts, XY matrix, etc. Analyze Phase Step 9, Tool Use (Process Flow, XY Matrix, Gauge Studies, Fishbone, FMEA) Step 10, Identify Root Cause(s) for lack of Capability Using Specific Analysis Techniques
Improve Phase Step 11, Design and Conduct Experiment, as applicable Step 12, Defining the Y= f(x) of the Process Control Phase Step 13, Optimizing and Redefining Solutions Step 14, Control Critical X’s and Monitor Y’s Step 15, Verify the Change and Collect Data Key areas of Six Sigma Six Sigma levels Investing in Prevention Pay off!! Positive Changes to Corporate Culture Summary Review Chapter Questions References
Appendix Q Cause and Effect Matrix
Process Flow Diagram of Changing a Tire based on XY Matrix (Simplified) List the Inputs (Y’s) to the Process XY Matrix for Assessing Job Steps and Task List the Inputs (Y’s) to the Process XY Matrix and Assign Ranking List the process Job steps and inputs (Job Task) XY Matrix for Assessing Job Steps and Task Rank the inputs according to their effect on each output XY Matrix XY Matrix for Assessing Job Steps and Task, Identify the critical inputs from the totals column
Final Words, Can You Develop a Culture that Will Sustain Itself? Taking a Closer Look at Reality Reference
Appendix R
OSHA Regional Offices
Glossary Solutions to Chapter Questions
Details
- No. of pages:
- 520
- Language:
- English
- Copyright:
- © Butterworth-Heinemann 2008
- Published:
- 15th October 2007
- Imprint:
- Butterworth-Heinemann
- Hardcover ISBN:
- 9780750683463
- eBook ISBN:
- 9780080554167
About the Authors
James Roughton
James Roughton CSP, CRSP, R-CHMM, CET, Certified Six Sigma Black Belt, is an experienced Safety Professional with in-depth knowledge of the use of Social Media to help improve productivity. He is an accomplished speaker, author, and writer who develops and manages his websites providing a resource network for small businesses, http://www.safetycultureplusacademy.com.
Affiliations and Expertise
Safety professional and active member, Project Safe, Georgia Safety Advisory Board, Georgia Department of Labor

Nathan Crutchfield
Nathan Crutchfield CPCU, ARM, ARP, has provided expertise to a broad array of clients that include public entities, associations, and general industry. He was awarded the National Safety Council’s “Distinguished Service to Safety Award” in 2001 and served on the National Safety Council Board of Directors in 1993 to 1995; and was a Vice President, with major risk management and insurance brokerage for over 20 years. He co-authored Job Hazard Analysis, A Guide for Voluntary Compliance and Beyond.
Affiliations and Expertise
CSP (Certified Safety Professional); ARM (Associate in Risk Management); CPCU (Chartered Property and Casualty Underwriter); ARP (Associate in Research & Planning); Society of Chartered Property and Casualty Underwriters, American Society of Safety Engineers (Professional Member); American Society of Training and Development., Risk control consultant in the development of effective safety culture, safety management systems, and job hazard analysis, USA
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