Job Hazard Analysis

A Guide for Voluntary Compliance and Beyond

2nd Edition - November 25, 2015
Authors: James Roughton, Nathan Crutchfield
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 0 3 4 4 1 - 5
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 0 3 4 4 2 - 2

Job Hazard Analysis: A Guide for Voluntary Compliance and Beyond, Second Edition, provides a complete reference for performing JHA and setting up a JHA program. The book identifie… Read more

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Job Hazard Analysis: A Guide for Voluntary Compliance and Beyond, Second Edition, provides a complete reference for performing JHA and setting up a JHA program. The book identifies the basic job steps and tasks, their associated hazards and risks, and safe operating procedures and hazard controls based on this analysis.

Authors James Roughton and Nathan Crutchfield argue that the JHA should be the centerpiece of any risk control and occupational safety and health program. However, the traditional JHA has potential problems in gathering and analysis of task data and, with its focus on the sequence of steps, can miss the behavioral effects and the systems interactions between tools, equipment, materials, work environment, management and the individual worker.

The concepts are presented for the JHA, incorporating elements from Behavior-Based Safety and Six Sigma. Readers are taken through the whole process of developing tools for identifying workplace hazards, developing systems that support hazard recognition, developing an effective JHA, and managing a JHA based program that can be easily incorporated into occupational safety and health management systems, thus allowing businesses to move from mere compliance to a pro-active safety management. The book is supported by numerous examples of JHAs, end of chapter review questions, sample checklists, action plans, and forms.

Dedication
About the Authors
Foreword
Preface
Acknowledgments
Acronyms
Introduction
Chapter One: Why Focus on the Job Hazard Analysis Process
- Abstract
- 1.1. JHAs’ main purpose
- 1.2. Defining the value proposition case for JHA process
- 1.3. Why is the JHA important?
- 1.4. Benefits of developing a JHA process
- 1.5. Building the case for a JHA process
- 1.6. Gaining greater respect for the job
- 1.7. Challenges to JHA process
- 1.8. JHAs require effort and time to implement
- Summary
- Chapter review questions
Chapter Two: Understanding Human Performance in the Job Hazard Analysis Process
- Abstract
- 2.1. Basic overview
- 2.2. Professional responsibility
- 2.3. The JHA – a communication tool
- 2.4. Implementation strategy
- 2.5. Defining the term “job”
- 2.6. Comparing JHA and JSA
- 2.7. Human performance principles
- 2.8. Error precursors
- 2.9. Defining organizational culture
- 2.10. Shift in perception
- 2.11. Levels of culture Defined
- 2.12. Organizational structure
- 2.13. Job complexity - even for “simple jobs”
- 2.14. Overlapping and similar job activities
- 2.15. Types of performance
- 2.16. Human error potential
- 2.17. Error types
- 2.18. Technology as a risk
- 2.19. Politics in the organization
- 2.20. The art of curation
- 2.21. Questions to review about the organization
- 2.22. Another area for consideration
- 2.23. What contributes to an at-risk event?
- 2.24. Behavior approach
- 2.25. Changing behavior
- 2.26. Understanding why employees put themselves at risk
- 2.27. Understanding the other side of safety
- 2.28. Behavior-based safety and integrated safety management functions
- 2.29. Seven guiding principles of integrated safety management
- 2.30. Five core functions of integrated safety management
- 2.31. Will a BBS process work for you?
- Summary
- Chapter review questions
Chapter Three: Introducing JHA into the Organization
- Abstract
- 3.1. Organizational and peer pressures
- 3.2. How are at-risk events developed?
- 3.3. Ladder of inference – How beliefs lead to risk and hazard acceptance
- 3.4. Changing beliefs
- 3.5. Why employees accept risk
- Summary
- Chapter review questions
Chapter Four: Leadership Team and Employee Participation
- Abstract
- 4.1. Why should employees be involved?
- 4.2. Benefits of employee participation
- 4.3. Reasons employees are not involved in the JHA process
- 4.4. Listening to employees
- 4.5. Guidelines for employee participation in the JHA process
- 4.6. JHA committee development
- 4.7. Establishing the team charter
- 4.8. Choosing JHA committee members
- 4.9. Ad hoc sub-committees
- Summary
- Chapter review questions
Chapter Five: Preparing for the Hazard and Risk Assessment
- Abstract
- 5.1. Setting the stage for the JHA process
- 5.2. Conducting a hazard and risk assessment
- 5.3. Prioritizing the risk assessment
- 5.4. Developing solutions to resolve hazard and risk-related issues
- 5.5. Recommending and implementing controls
- 5.6. Monitoring the results
- 5.7. Company safety policy
- 5.8. Developing a system to identify and report hazards
- 5.9. Employee reporting systems
- 5.10. Verbal reports
- 5.11. Suggestion programs
- 5.12. Maintenance work orders
- 5.13. Checklist used to report hazards
- 5.14. Action planning
- 5.15. Follow-up reviews
- Summary
- Chapter review questions
Chapter Six: Hazard Analysis and Review of Associated Risk
- Abstract
- 6.1. Hazard review and analysis of the workplace
- 6.2. Inspections and audits
- 6.3. Inspections
- 6.4. Audits
- 6.5. Checklist
- 6.6. Consultants and outside specialists
- 6.7. Employee interviews and surveys
- 6.8. Surveys
- 6.9. Interviews
- 6.10. Types of inspections
- 6.11. Written inspection reports
- 6.12. Who should review the workplace?
- 6.13. Preventive maintenance programs
- 6.14. Incident investigations
- Summary
- Chapter review questions
Chapter Seven: Enhancing the Safety Management System in Managing Risk
- Abstract
- 7.1. Organizations are dynamic and not static
- 7.2. The centerpiece and critical link
- 7.3. Hazard control concepts
- 7.4. Hierarchy of controls
- 7.5. Avoidance
- 7.6. Substitution
- 7.7. Engineering and design
- 7.8. Administrative
- 7.9. Personal protective equipment
- 7.10. Haddon’s energy approach
- 7.11. Other areas for consideration
- 7.12. General safety rules
- 7.13. Standard operating procedures
- 7.14. Employee changes
- 7.15. Changes in staffing
- 7.16. Individual change
- 7.17. Temporary workers
- 7.18. Adapting to change
- 7.19. Predictive versus reactive
- 7.20. Other analytical tools for consideration
- Summary
- Chapter review questions
Chapter Eight: Defining Associated Risk
- Abstract
- 8.1. Risk management concepts
- 8.2. Risk
- 8.3. JHA integration with risk management concepts
- 8.4. First steps
- 8.5. General risk management theories and models
- 8.6. The American Society of Safety Engineers (ASSE) Risk Assessment Institute
- 8.7. Risk management responsibilities
- 8.8. Leadership’s risk responsibilities
- 8.9. Employee’s risk responsibilities
- 8.10. Risk acceptance
- 8.11. Why are unnecessary risks taken?
- 8.12. Hazard recognition tools, building the foundation for risk perception
- 8.13. The risk guidance card, a potential solution
- 8.14. Using the risk guidance card
- Summary
- Chapter review questions
Chapter Nine: Planning for the Job Hazard Analysis
- Abstract
- 9.1. Benefits of developing JHA’s
- 9.2. Beginning the process
- 9.3. The “feel” of the workplace
- 9.4. Conducting the JHA
- 9.5. JHA implementation obstacles
- 9.6. The importance of employees to the JHA process
- 9.7. Selecting the JHA administrator
- 9.8. Selecting the JHA committee
- 9.9. The JHA committee charter
- 9.10. JHA as a problem solving tool
- 9.11. Selecting the jobs for analysis
- 9.12. Nonroutine tasks
- Summary
- Chapter review questions
Chapter Ten: Breaking the Job Down into Individual Components
- Abstract
- 10.1. Basic steps in developing a JHA
- 10.2. Individual job components
- 10.3. Determining cause and effect
- 10.4. Using a Checklist
- 10.5. Gathering information for breaking down the job
- 10.6. Developing a tool kit for the JHA process?
- 10.7. Electronic equipment
- 10.8. Other applications
- 10.9. Criteria for job observations
- 10.10. Reality check
- Summary
- Chapter review questions
Chapter Eleven: Putting the Puzzle Pieces Together
- Abstract
- 11.1. Telling the JHA story
- 11.2. Completing the JHA form
- 11.3. The header
- 11.4. Job description
- 11.5. Department
- 11.6. Date developed
- 11.7. Page numbering
- 11.8. Performed by
- 11.9. Personal protective equipment (PPE) required
- 11.10. Body of JHA
- 11.11. Job steps and task-specific description
- 11.12. Nonroutine jobs
- 11.13. Risk Assessment
- 11.14. Existing and potential hazards and consequences of exposure
- 11.15. At-risk events and preventative measures
- 11.16. Preventative measures
- 11.17. Residual risk
- 11.18. Final review and approvals
- 11.19. Another area for consideration
- 11.20. Safety meetings
- 11.21. Daily preshift review
- 11.22. Multishift operation
- 11.23. Weekly meetings
- 11.24. Monthly meetings
- 11.25. One-on-one discussions with employees
- 11.26. Safety walkthrough tour
- 11.27. Machine/equipment-specific checklist
- 11.28. Follow-up team
- 11.29. ABSS roles and responsibilities
- 11.30. Measuring the Success of ABSS
- Summary
- Chapter review questions
Chapter Twelve: Assessing Training Needs
- Abstract
- 12.1. Presenting information is not sufficient
- 12.2. How is a good Training defined?
- 12.3. Basic training principles
- 12.4. Training principles
- 12.5. Types of education
- 12.6. General safety instruction
- 12.7. Conducting a training needs assessment
- 12.8. Documentation and recordkeeping
- 12.9. Behaviors and Learning Styles
- Summary
- Chapter review questions
Chapter Thirteen: Basis Elements of a Safety System
- Abstract
- 13.1. General overview of a safety systems
- 13.2. The plan, do, check, act cycle for learning and improvement
- 13.3. The common link between safety systems
- 13.4. Management Leadership
- 13.5. Employee participation
- 13.6. Defining roles and responsibilities
- 13.7. Hazard and risk assessment identification and analysis
- 13.8. Hazard prevention and control
- 13.9. Information and training
- 13.10. Performance and measurement
- 13.11. Pros and cons of a standardized safety system
- 13.12. Other areas for consideration
- Summary
- Chapter review questions
Chapter Fourteen: Becoming a Curator for the Safety System
- Abstract
- 14.1. Curating safety
- 14.2. Using and curating information
- 14.3. The importance of becoming an information curator
- 14.4. Researching and curating information
- 14.5. How to apply management matrix to curation
- 14.6. The idea behind the matrix
- 14.7. Managing data
- 14.8. An approach to organizing information
- Summary
- Chapter review questions
Chapter Fifteen: Effectively Managing a JHA Process using Six Sigma
- Abstract
- 15.1. Brief Six Sigma overview
- 15.2. What does process improvement mean?
- 15.3. Beginning the Six Sigma process
- 15.4. Improving the process using the Six Sigma methodology
- 15.5. A basic Six Sigma process improvement model
- 15.6. Define, measure, analyze, improve, and control
- 15.7. Define phase
- 15.8. Step 1, define the scope of the project
- 15.9. Selecting the process
- 15.10. Step 2, developing a problem statement
- 15.11. Step 3, define the appropriate metric – how will the safety system be measured?
- 15.12. Step 4, develop objective statement
- 15.13. Step 5, select and organize the “right” team
- 15.14. Measure phase
- 15.15. Step 6, develop a macro map of current process
- 15.16. Step 7, define the project with Pareto charts, XY matrix, etc
- 15.17. Step 8, developing a data collection strategy
- 15.18. Analyze phase
- 15.19. Step 9, refine tool use (process flow, XY matrix, gauge studies, Fishbone, FMEA)
- 15.20. Step 10, identify root cause(s) for lack of capability using specific analysis
- 15.21. Techniques
- 15.22. Improve phase
- 15.23. Step 11, design and conduct an experiment, as applicable
- 15.24. Step 12, defining the Y= f(x) of the process
- 15.25. Control phase
- 15.26. Step 13, optimizing and redefining solutions
- 15.27. Step 14, control critical X’s and monitor Y’s
- 15.28. Step 15, verify the change and collect data
- 15.29. Positive changes to organizational culture
- Summary
- Chapter review questions
Final Words: Where Do We Go From Here?
Appendix 1: Job Hazard Analysis
Index