Introduction to Forestry and Natural Resources

Dedication

Preface

Chapter 1. A Brief History of Forestry and Natural Resource Management

1.1 What Is Forestry and Natural Resource Management?

1.2 What Are Forests?

1.3 Why Are Forests Important to Humans?

1.4 A Brief History of Human Interaction with Forests

1.5 Forests in the Current World Political and Environmental Context

1.6 Human Developmental Pressures on Forests

Summary

References

Chapter 2. Forest Regions of the World

2.1 North America

2.2 Central America

2.3 South America

2.4 Europe

2.5 Asia

2.6 Africa

2.7 Oceania

Summary

References

Chapter 3. Forest Landowner Goals, Objectives, and Constraints

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Objectives of Forest Landowners

3.3 Constraints of Forest Landowners

Summary

References

Chapter 4. Forest Products

4.1 Commodities

4.2 Nontimber Forest Products

Summary

References

Chapter 5. Wildlife Habitat Relationships

5.1 What Is Wildlife?

5.2 What Is Wildlife Habitat?

5.3 Characterization of Habitat Types

5.4 Succession and Stand Conditions

5.5 Edge Versus Interior Habitats

5.6 Riparian Zones and Wildlife Corridors

5.7 Direct and Indirect Management of Habitat

5.8 Habitat Models

5.9 Threats to Wildlife Habitat

Summary

References

Chapter 6. Ecosystem Services

6.1 What Is an Ecosystem?

6.2 What Are Ecosystem Services?

6.3 Types of Ecosystem Services

6.4 Trade-Offs When Managing for Different Forest Ecosystem Services

Summary

References

Chapter 7. Forest Recreation

7.1 What Is Recreation?

7.2 What Is Forest Recreation?

7.3 A Brief History of Forest Recreation in the United States

7.4 Where Are the Forest Recreational Opportunities?

7.5 Factors That Affect Participation in Forest Recreation

7.6 Recreational Planning and Development

Summary

References

Chapter 8. Forest Measurements and Forestry-Related Data

8.1 Measuring Trees and the Forest

8.2 Measuring Other Resources

8.3 Geographic Information Systems

8.4 Global Satellite–Based Positioning and Navigation Systems

8.5 Aerial Photographs and Digital Orthophotographs

8.6 Other Remotely Sensed Imagery

8.7 Laser and LiDAR Technology

Summary

References

Chapter 9. Tree Anatomy and Physiology

9.1 Tree Anatomy

9.2 Transpiration and Sap Flow in a Tree

9.3 Photosynthesis

9.4 Tree Respiration

9.5 Tree Growth

9.6 Tree Rooting

9.7 Tree Regeneration

9.8 Tree Tolerance to Shade

9.9 Tree Nutrition

9.10 Tree Responses to Signals

Summary

References

Chapter 10. Forest Dynamics

10.1 Forest Communities

10.2 Interaction, Competition, and Strategy Among Tree Species

10.3 Gradients and Niches

10.4 Forest Succession

10.5 Stand Dynamics Following Major Disturbance

10.6 Gap Dynamics

Summary

References

Chapter 11. Common Forestry Practices

11.1 Site Preparation

11.2 Forest Regeneration

11.3 Early Tending

11.4 Precommercial Thinning

11.5 Pruning

11.6 Commercial Thinning

11.7 Fertilization

11.8 Final Harvest

11.9 Group Selection Harvests

11.10 Seed Tree Harvests

11.11 Shelterwood Harvests

11.12 Uneven-Aged Partial Selection Harvests

11.13 Partial Selective Harvests

11.14 Salvage or Sanitation Harvests

11.15 Prescribed Burning

11.16 Forest Fuel Reduction Treatments

11.17 Understory Cleaning

11.18 Biomass Harvesting

11.19 Agroforestry

Summary

References

Chapter 12. Forest Harvesting Systems

12.1 Tree Felling and Processing in the Woods

12.2 Primary Transportation

12.3 Tree Processing at a Landing

12.4 Secondary Transportation

12.5 Forest Roads

12.6 Safety

12.7 Harvesting Other Products

Summary

References

Chapter 13. Forest and Natural Resource Economics

13.1 Introduction

13.2 Why Forest and Natural Resource Economics?

13.3 Markets, Efficiency, and Government

13.4 The Time Value of Money

13.5 Forest and Natural Resource Investment Evaluation Criteria

13.6 Economics of a Forest Rotation

13.7 Nonmarket Forest Products

Summary

References

Chapter 14. Forest Disturbances and Health

14.1 What Are Forest Disturbances?

14.2 Disturbances Created by Wind

14.3 Disturbances Created by Fire

14.4 Disturbances Created by Volcanic Eruptions

14.5 Disturbances Created by Ice and Snow

14.6 Disturbances Created by Floods

14.7 Disturbances Created by Diseases

14.8 Disturbances Created by Insects

14.9 Disturbances Created by Humans

Summary

References

Chapter 15. Forest Policies and External Pressures

15.1 What is a Forest Policy?

15.2 International Forest Policies

15.3 National, State, and Provincial Policies

15.4 Organizational and Individual Policies

15.5 Forest Certification Programs

15.6 Trade Issues

15.7 Forest Carbon Sequestration and Markets

15.8 Renewable Energy and Forest Resources

Summary

References

Chapter 16. Urban Forestry

16.1 What Is Urban Forestry?

16.2 A Brief History of Urban Forestry

16.3 The Benefits of Urban Forestry

16.4 The Environment of Urban Forestry

16.5 The Management of Urban Forests

Summary

References

Chapter 17. Ethics

17.1 Introduction

17.2 Philosophical Approaches to Land or Conservation Ethics

17.3 Ethical Conduct from a Business Perspective

17.4 Example Codes of Ethics in Natural Resource Management

Summary

References

Chapter 18. Forestry and Natural Resource Management Careers

18.1 Forestry and Natural Resource Management Careers

Summary

References

Appendix A

Appendix B

Glossary

Index