Insecticide Mode of Action

1st Edition - December 28, 1982
Author: Joel R. Coats
Language: English
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 1 4 0 5 1 - 5

Insecticide Mode of Action presents significant research on the biological activity of insecticides. The book is organized into three sections encompassing 13 chapters that… Read more

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Insecticide Mode of Action presents significant research on the biological activity of insecticides. The book is organized into three sections encompassing 13 chapters that summarize three major groups of insecticides, including neurotoxic, formamidine, and developmental insecticides. The first section of the book presents studies on groups of conventional neurotoxic insecticides: chlorinated hydrocarbons, pyrethroids, carbamates, and organophosphorus chemicals. This text discusses their structure, poisoning property, structure-activity relationships, and stereoselectivity. The subsequent section discusses the biochemical, biological, and neurotoxic actions of formamidines, a group of pesticides that exhibit an unusual spectrum of activity. Several modes of action of pharmacological significance as well as some important behavioral effects are included in this section. The third section addresses groups of insecticides that affect insect growth and development. Such chemicals typically demonstrate marked selectivity and represent more sophisticated strategies in the chemical control of insect pests. This book is of value to researchers, teachers, and regulatory personnel concerned with the biological activity of insecticides.

Contributors

Preface

I Conventional Neurotoxic Insecticides

1 Mode of Action of Pyrethroids

I. Introduction

II. Structures

III. Symptomatology of Pyrethroid Poisoning

IV. Neurophysiology of Pyrethroid Poisoning

V. Mode of Action of Pyrethroids on Vertebrates

VI. Resistance to Pyrethroid Insecticides

References

2 Structure-Activity Relationships in DDT Analogs

I. Introduction

II. Toxicity

III. Penetration Rate

IV. Knockdown Activity

V. Degradation

VI. Conclusions

References

3 Inhibition of ATP by Chlorinated Hydrocarbons

I. Introduction

II. In Vitro Effects of Insecticides

III. In Vivo Effects of Insecticides

IV. Studies on Mechanisms and Sites of Action

V. Mitochondria and Oxidative Phosphorylation

VI. Physiology Parameters and DDT Action

VII. Conclusions

References

4 Oxime Carbamate Insecticides

I. Introduction and Background

II. Structure-Activity Relationships

III. Metabolism

IV. Factors Affecting Pesticidal Efficacy

V. Derivatized N-Methylcarbamates

VI. Future Expectations

References

5 Structure-Activity Relationships in Phosphoramidates

I. Introduction

II. Bioactivity of Phosphoramidates

III. Physical and Biophysical Properties

IV. Chemistry and Physical Chemistry

V. Biochemistry

VI. Mode of Action of Important Phosphoramidates

References

6 Stereoselectivity of Organophosphorus Insecticides

I. Introduction

II. Stereochemistry

III. Biological Activity

IV. Enzyme Inhibition

V. Metabolism

VI. Concluding Remarks

References

II The Formamidine Pesticides

7 Biological and Neurotoxic Effects of Amidine Pesticides

I. Biological Actions of Amidines

II. Biochemical Aspects of Amidine Action

III. Conclusion

References

8 Toxic and Behavioral Effects of Chlordimeform on the American Cockroach Periplaneta americana

I. Electrophysiological Studies on Nerve Excitation

II. Chlordimeform-Induced Depletion of Octopamine in the Central Nervous System

III. Cardiostimulation

IV. Anorectic Effect

V. Increased Water Intake

VI. Conclusion

References

9 Structure-Activity Relationships among Amidine Acaricides and Insecticides

I. Introduction

II. Formamidines

III. Cyclic Amidines

IV. Related Compounds

References

III Developmental Insecticides

10 Modes of Action of Chitin Synthesis Inhibitors

I. Distribution of Chitin in Nature

II. Chitin Synthesis and Deposition in Fungi

III. Chitin Synthesis and Deposition in Insects

IV. Development of a Biochemical System Derived from Fungi Detection of Chitin Synthesis Inhibitors

V. An Insect Organs Culture System for the Detection of Chitin Synthesis Inhibition

VI. Evaluation of Candidate Chitin Synthesis Inhibitors in the Cockroach and Phycomyces Systems

VII. Studies of the Modes of Action of the Benzoylphenylureas

VIII. Modes of Action of Pesticides

IX. Discussion

References

11 Juvenile Hormone Analogs: Structure-Activity Relationships

I. Introduction

II. Bioassay Procedures

III. Structure-Activity Relationships

IV. Optical Activity of Juvenoids

V. Conclusion

References

12 Toxicology of the Precocenes

I. Introduction

II. The Search for Juvenile Hormone Antagonists

III. Biological Activities of the Precocenes

IV. Structure-Biological Relationships

V. Metabolism and Biotransformation of the Precocenes

VI. Mode of Action

References

13 Xanthene Dyes as Pesticides

I. Introduction

II. Historical

III. Light-Catalyzed Toxicity

IV. Light-Independent Toxicity

V. Behavioral, Physiological, and Biochemical Responses

VI. Developmental Toxicity

VII. Field Studies

VIII. Environmental Aspects

IX. Summary

References

Index