Insect Resistance Management

Neither pest management nor resistance management can occur with only an understanding of pest biology. For years, entomologists have understood, with their use of economic thresholds, that at least a minimal use of economics was necessary for proper integrated pest management. IRM is even more complicated and dependent on understanding and using socioeconomic factors. The new edition of Insect Resistance Management addresses these issues and much more.

Many new ideas, facts and case studies have been developed since the previous edition of Insect Resistance Management published. With a new chapter focusing on Resistance Mechanisms Related to Plant-incorporated Toxins and heavily expanded revisions of several existing chapters, this new volume will be an invaluable resource for IRM researchers, practitioners, professors and advanced students. Authors in this edition include professors at major universities, leaders in the chemical and seed industry, evolutionary biologists and active IRM practitioners. This revision also contains more information about IRM outside North America, and a modeling chapter contains a large new section on uncertainty analysis, a subject recently emphasized by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The final chapter contains a section on insecticidal seed treatments.

No other book has the breadth of coverage of Insect Resistance Management, 2e. It not only covers molecular to economic issues, but also transgenic crops, seed treatments and other pest management tactics such as crop rotation. Major themes continuing from the first edition include the importance of using IRM in the integrated pest management paradigm, the need to study and account for pest behavior, and the influence of human behavior and decision making in IRM.

• Provides insights from the history of insect resistance management (IRM) to the latest science
• Includes contributions from experts on ecological aspects of IRM, molecular and population genetics, economics, and IRM social issues
• Offers biochemistry and molecular genetics of insecticides presented with an emphasis on recent research
• Encourages scientists and stakeholders to implement and coordinate strategies based on local social conditions

Pest control, crop science, agricultural economics researchers and scientists; entomologists; agricultural engineers; plant scientists; graduate-level students

Dedication

List of Contributors

Foreword

Preface to Second Edition

Preface to the First Edition

Chapter 1. Major Issues in Insect Resistance Management

Philosophy and History

Major Themes

Encouragement

References

Chapter 2. Valuing Pest Susceptibility to Control

Goods and Values

Valuation of Pests

Discounting and Valuing the Future

Risk

Overview of Economic Models

Conclusions

References

Chapter 3. Understanding Resistance and Induced Responses of Insects to Xenobiotics and Insecticides in the Age of “Omics” and Systems Biology

Introduction

General Mechanisms of Resistance

Resistance to Classes of Insecticides

Emerging Omics Technologies

Conclusions

References

Chapter 4. Plant Incorporated Protectants and Insect Resistance

Introduction

Insecticidal Proteins

Mode of Action of Bt Proteins

RNA Interference

Resistance to Bt Proteins

PIP Dose and IRM

Conclusions

References

Chapter 5. Concepts and Complexities of Population Genetics

Without Natural Selection

Evolution Due to Natural Selection

Natural Selection in Patchy Landscapes

Gene Flow and Population Structure

Mating

Random Genetic Drift and Demographic Allee Effects

Genetic Architecture and Evolution

Selection Intensity and Genetics

Dominance

Gene Interactions

Fitness Costs

Haplo-diploidy

Resistance Evolution and Pest Generation Time

Temporal and Spatial Scales in Hypotheses

Conclusions

References

Chapter 6. Resistance by Ectoparasites

Definitions

Mosquitoes

Bed Bugs

Human Head Lice

Fleas of Cats and Dogs

Mites on Bees

Ticks of Cattle

Blow Fly in Sheep

Horn Fly on Cattle

Musca domestica

Discussion

References

Chapter 7. Insect Resistance to Crop Rotation

Background

Corn Production, Corn Rootworm, and Insecticides

Resistance to Crop Rotation

Managing Rotation-Resistant Corn Rootworms

Future Resistance

References

Chapter 8. Resistance to Pathogens and Parasitic Invertebrates

Resistance to Pathogens

Resistance to Parasitic Invertebrates

Conclusions

References

Further Reading

Chapter 9. Arthropod Resistance to Crops

Traditional Crops

Transgenic Insecticidal Crops

Discussion

References

Chapter 10. The Role of Landscapes in Insect Resistance Management

Temporal Dynamics and Management

Conclusions

References

Chapter 11. Negative Cross-Resistance: History, Present Status, and Emerging Opportunities

Introduction

Existing Examples of Negative Cross-Resistance

Screening and Development of Negative Cross-Resistance Toxins

Deployment Strategies: The Case of Active Refuges and High-Dose Bt Crops

Additional Issues

Conclusions

References

Further Reading

Chapter 12. Insect Resistance, Natural Enemies, and Density-Dependent Processes

Natural Enemies: Direct Effects on Selection

Natural Enemies: Density-Independent and Density-Dependent Effects

Intraspecific, Density-Dependent Factors

Conclusions

References

Chapter 13. Insect Resistance Management: Adoption and Compliance

Conceptual Framework

Human Behavior

Conclusions

References

Chapter 14. Modeling for Prediction and Management

Model Development and Evaluation

Stochastic Models and Uncertainty Analysis

IRM Models

Conclusions

References

Chapter 15. Monitoring Resistance

Susceptibility and Tolerance

Quantifying Tolerance

Monitoring to Detect the Early Development of Resistance

Monitoring as Part of Resistance Management Program

Examples of Monitoring Projects

Conclusion

References

Chapter 16. IPM and Insect Resistance Management

Case Studies

Guidelines for Managing Insect Resistance

Conclusion

References

Index