Infection Prevention and Control in Healthcare, Part I: Facility Planning, An Issue of Infectious Disease Clinics of North America

Cover image

Title page

Table of Contents

Copyright

Contributors

Forthcoming Issues

Preface

Strategies for Effective Infection Prevention Programs: Structures, Processes, and Funding

Key points

Overview

Emergence and development of regulation and requirements of infection prevention and control

Infection prevention and control program

Key members of the infection prevention team and/or program

Strategies for a successful infection prevention program

Economics and business plan

Summary

Clinics care points

Hand Hygiene, an Update

Key points

Background

Guideline development

Microbiome of hands

Role of hands in transmission of pathogens

Indications for hand hygiene

Hand hygiene products

Gloves

Hand hygiene technique

Hand hygiene adherence

Monitoring hand hygiene adherence

Impact of hand hygiene on health care–associated infections

Issues requiring additional research

Clinics care points

Disinfection and Sterilization in Health Care Facilities: An Overview and Current Issues

Key points

Introduction

Rational approach to disinfection and sterilization

Sterilization of critical items

Current issues in sterilization

High-level disinfection of semicritical items

Current issues for high-level disinfection

Low-level disinfection on noncritical environmental surfaces and medical devices

Current issues for low-level disinfection

Summary

Health Care Environmental Hygiene: New Insights and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Guidance

Key points

Introduction

Disinfection cleaning of environmental surfaces

Optimizing patient-zone surface safety

Environmental hygiene and hand hygiene: an integrated approach

Implementing the 2020 CDC guidance: Core Components of Environmental Cleaning and Disinfection in Hospitals

Research opportunities and challenges

Clinics care points

Outbreaks in Health Care Settings

Key points

Outbreaks

Approach to an outbreak

Pseudo-outbreaks

Laboratory and testing

Sources

Organisms

High-risk settings

Summary

Water Safety and Health Care: Preventing Infections Caused by Opportunistic Premise Plumbing Pathogens

Key points

Introduction

Opportunistic premise plumbing pathogens and health care

Summary

Clinics care points

Reimagining Construction and Renovation of Health Care Facilities During Emergence from a Pandemic

Key points

Introduction

Criteria for evaluating the strength of evidence for environmental sources of infection

A year in review: COVID-19 pandemic and implications for the future of design and construction

Disease transmission risks from construction and renovation

Prevention by design: strategies to protect occupants and mitigate disease transmission

Operational aspects of preconstruction and intraconstruction projects

Training of contractors

Summary

Clinics care points

Occupational Health Update: Approach to Evaluation of Health Care Personnel and Preexposure Prophylaxis

Key points

Risks to health care personnel and the role of occupational health services

Definitions

Evaluation of health care personnel and preexposure prophylaxis

Evaluation of health care personnel with communicable diseases

Summary

Clinics care points

Occupational Health Update: Evaluation and Management of Exposures and Postexposure Prophylaxis

Key points

General approach to postexposure prophylaxis

Postexposure prophylaxis for selected communicable diseases

Clinical care and evaluation after potential exposure to blood-borne pathogens

Postexposure prophylaxis for non–blood-borne pathogen exposures

Postexposure prophylaxis: others

Summary

Clinics care points

Computer Informatics for Infection Control

Key points

Background

Infection surveillance

Fully automated versus semiautomated surveillance

Common data sources needed for surveillance informatics

Examples of surveillance metrics enhanced by informatics

Outbreak detection

Infection prevention

Informatics and public health

General considerations for implementing informatics software

Summary

Clinics care points

Antimicrobial Stewardship and the Infection Control Practitioner: A Natural Alliance

Key points

Consequences of antimicrobial resistance: impact on public health and safety

The impact of antimicrobial use, misuse, and overuse

National initiatives calling for improved antimicrobial use

What is antimicrobial stewardship and what are the goals?

Key members and departments represented on the antimicrobial stewardship team

Infection control and antimicrobial stewardship

Diagnostic stewardship initiatives

Multidrug-resistant organism collaborations

Summary

Behind Every Great Infection Prevention Program is a Great Microbiology Laboratory: Key Components and Strategies for an Effective Partnership

Key points

Introduction

Background

Bacteremia

Hospital-acquired pneumonia

Catheter-associated urinary tract infections

Clostridioides difficile infection

Multidrug-resistant organisms and pathogen screening

Antimicrobial susceptibility testing

Infection prevention in mycobacteriology, mycology, and virology

Outbreak investigation

Disclosure

Updates on Infection Control in Alternative Health Care Settings

Key points

Background

Infection prevention programs in nursing homes

Infection prevention programs in nursing homes: functions, components and oversight

Ambulatory care centers

Summary

Clinics care points

Health Care–Acquired Infections in Low- and Middle-Income Countries and the Role of Infection Prevention and Control

Key points

Introduction

Risk factors to acquire health care–associated infections in low- and middle-income countries

Surveillance and rates of health care–associated infections

Antimicrobial resistance surveillance

Antimicrobial stewardship in relation with infection prevention and control

Health care–associated tuberculosis

Emerging infections: coronavirus disease 2019

Health and economic impact

Example of successful infection control strategy in resource-limited settings

Designing and sustaining infection control programs and interventions

Creating an antimicrobial stewardship program

Addressing gaps while prioritizing resources

Summary

Clinics care points