Industrial Biorefineries and White Biotechnology

Industrial Biorefineries and White Biotechnology provides a comprehensive look at the increasing focus on developing the processes and technologies needed for the conversion of biomass to liquid and gaseous fuels and chemicals, in particular, the development of low-cost technologies.

During the last 3-4 years, there have been scientific and technological developments in the area; this book represents the most updated information and technological perspective on the topic.

• Provides information on the most advanced and innovative pretreatment processes and technologies for biomass
• Covers information on lignocellulosic and algal biomass to work on the principles of biorefinery
• Provides information on integration of processes for the pretreatment of biomass
• Designed as a textbook for both graduate students and researchers

Chemical Engineers, Biotechnologists, microbiologists/biologists, Agricultural Chemists, Environmental Engineers, Petroleum Engineers and graduate and postgraduate students in these areas

• List of Contributors
• Preface
• Part A. Industrial Biorefineries
  • Chapter 1. Biorefinery Concepts in Comparison to Petrochemical Refineries
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. The Definition for Biorefinery
    • 3. The Economic Value of Biomass Using Biorefining
    • 4. Classification of Biorefineries
    • 5. Conventional Biorefineries
    • 6. Advanced Biorefineries
    • 7. Whole Crop Biorefinery
    • 8. Oleochemical Biorefinery
    • 9. Lignocellulosic Feedstock Biorefinery
    • 10. Syngas Platform Biorefinery (Thermochemical Biorefinery)
    • 11. Next Generation Hydrocarbon Biorefinery
    • 12. Green Biorefinery
    • 13. Marine Biorefinery
    • 14. Chain Development
    • 15. Biorefinery Concepts in Comparison to Petrochemical Refineries
    • 16. Biorefinery Complexity Index
    • 17. Discussion and Conclusions
  • Chapter 2. Algal Biorefineries
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. Algal Research in the USA
    • 3. Macroalgae
    • 4. Microalgae
    • 5. Downstream Processes
    • 6. Products Produced from Algae at Commercial Scales
    • 7. Conclusions
  • Chapter 3A. Pulp Mills and Wood-Based Biorefineries
    • 1. General Aspects
    • 2. Pulping Processes and Their By-Products
    • 3. Pretreatments of Wood Chips Prior to Pulping
    • 4. Thermochemical Conversion Methods
    • 5. Conclusions
  • Chapter 3B. The Pine Biorefinery Platform Chemicals Value Chain
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. Extractable Volatile Oils
    • 3. The Tall Oil Value Chain
    • 4. Conclusion
  • Chapter 4A. Sugar- and Starch-Based Biorefineries
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. Sugar and Starch Crops
    • 3. Sugarbeet Refining and Processing
    • 4. Alcoholic Fermentation
    • 5. The Ethanol-Based C2—Value Chain
    • 6. Beyond C2 Platform Chemicals by Fermentation
    • 7. Sucrochemistry
    • 8. Starch Refining and Processing
    • 9. Starch Uses
    • 10. Conclusions
  • Chapter 4B. Ethanol from Sugarcane in Brazil: Economic Perspectives
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. Ethanol from Sugarcane in Brazil: Context and Evolution
    • 3. Economic Aspects of Ethanol from Sugarcane in Brazil
    • 4. Final Remarks
  • Chapter 5. Vegetable Oil Biorefineries
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. Vegetable Oil Feedstock
    • 3. The Whole-Plant Biorefinery Concept—From Plants to Industrial Products
    • 4. Industrial Vegetable Oil Biorefineries
    • 5. Future Challenges of Industrialization
    • 6. Conclusions and Perspectives
  • Chapter 6. Biogas Biorefineries
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. Substrates for Biogas Production
    • 3. Biogas Utilization
    • 4. The Chemical Platform Methane
    • 5. Fertilizer Production
    • 6. Mass and Energy Balances
    • 7. Other Biorefinery Concepts with Strong Focus on Biogas Production
    • 8. Perspectives of Biogas Biorefineries
  • Chapter 7. Civilization Biorefineries: Efficient Utilization of Residue-Based Bioresources
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, and Quaternary Bioresources
    • 3. Civilization Biorefineries
    • 4. Approaches Toward Civilization Biorefineries
  • Chapter 8. Biomass Pyrolysis for Hybrid Biorefineries
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. Pyrolysis-Based Fractionation of Biomass
    • 3. Biomass Pyrolysis for Biorefineries
    • 4. A Pyrolysis-Based Hybrid Biorefinery Concept
    • 5. Conclusion
  • Chapter 9. Single-Cell Biorefinery
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. Simultaneous Substrates Utilization in Single Cell
    • 3. Coproduction in Single Cell
    • 4. Single-Cell Biorefinery
    • 5. Conclusion
• Part B. White Biotechnology
  • Chapter 10. Biocatalysis
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. Screening for Novel Biocatalyst
    • 3. Development of Biocatalysts
    • 4. Raw Materials
    • 5. Reaction Media
    • 6. Conclusions
  • Chapter 11. White Biotechnology for Organic Acids
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. Conclusion
  • Chapter 12. White Biotechnology for Amino Acids
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. History and Evolutionary Route
    • 3. Production Processes
    • 4. Strain Improvement
    • 5. Amino Acids in Detail
    • 6. Alternative Sources for Amino Acid Production
    • 7. Prospective and Outlook
  • Chapter 13. Industrial Enzymes
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. Enzymes Classification
    • 3. Microbial Enzyme Production
    • 4. Industrial Application of Enzymes
    • 5. Enzyme Immobilization
    • 6. Global Enzyme Market Scenario
    • 7. Conclusion
  • Chapter 14. White Biotechnology in Biosurfactants
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. Biosurfactants
    • 3. White Biotechnology in Glycolipids Biosurfactants
    • 4. White Biotechnology in Lipopeptide and Lipoprotein Biosurfactants
    • 5. White Biotechnology in Polymeric Biosurfactants
    • 6. Conclusion and Future Perspective
  • Chapter 15. Exopolysaccharides from Prokaryotic Microorganisms—Promising Sources for White Biotechnology Processes
    • 1. Introduction and Definition
    • 2. Advantages and Disadvantages in Microbial Production of EPSs
    • 3. Composition and Structure
    • 4. EPS Properties and Structure–Function Relationships. Microbial Producers. Biofilms
    • 5. Polysaccharide Roles in the Prokaryotic Cell
    • 6. Synthetic Pathways
    • 7. EPS Production
    • 8. Commercially Important Properties and Industrial Applications of Market-Valued EPS
    • 9. New Microbial EPS. EPS from Extremophiles
    • 10. Conclusion
  • Chapter 16. White Biotechnology for Biopolymers: Hydroxyalkanoates and Polyhydroxyalkanoates: Production and Applications
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. Strains for Production of PHA
    • 3. PHA Produced in Industrial Scale
  • Chapter 17. Microbial Poly-3-Hydroxybutyrate and Related Copolymers
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. PHB-Producing Microbes
    • 3. Fermentation Strategies
    • 4. Downstream Operations
    • 5. Characterization Techniques
    • 6. Strain Improvement, Mutation, and Metabolic Engineering
    • 7. Substrate Manipulation for the Production of Various Classes of PHB
    • 8. Applications
    • 9. Conclusion and Perspectives
  • Chapter 18. White Biotechnology in Cosmetics
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. Functional Properties of Cosmetically Important Compounds
    • 3. Classification of Biotechnologically Derived Cosmetic Ingredients
    • 4. Conclusion
  • Chapter 19. Production and Extraction of Polysaccharides and Oligosaccharides and Their Use as New Food Additives
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. Extraction, Production, and Purification of Polysaccharides and Oligosaccharides
    • 3. Food Applications of Polysaccharides and Oligosaccharides
    • 4. Health and Nutritional Benefits of Polysaccharides and Oligosaccharides
    • 5. Regulation and Safety Aspects
    • 6. Conclusions
• Index