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Aeroacoustics of Low Mach Number Flows
Fundamentals, Analysis and Measurement
- 2nd Edition - September 26, 2023
- Authors: Stewart Glegg, William Devenport
- Language: English
- Paperback ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 1 9 1 1 2 - 1
- eBook ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 2 1 8 5 8 - 3
Aeroacoustics of Low Mach Number Flows: Fundamentals, Analysis and Measurement, Second Edition provides a detailed introduction to sound radiation from subsonic flow over moving… Read more
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Request a sales quoteAeroacoustics of Low Mach Number Flows: Fundamentals, Analysis and Measurement, Second Edition provides a detailed introduction to sound radiation from subsonic flow over moving surfaces. This phenomenon is the most widespread cause of flow noise in engineering systems, including fan noise, rotor noise, wind turbine noise, boundary layer noise, airframe noise and aircraft noise. This fully updated new edition includes additional problems, illustrations and summary materials to support readers. New content covers Rapid Distortion theory (RDT), boundary layer wall pressure fluctuations, and flow induced sound at surfaces. Themes addressing non-compressible flows have also been added, offering coverage of hydroacoustic as well as aeroacoustic applications.
New support materials for this edition include course outlines, problem sets, sample MATLAB codes and experimental data to be found at www.aeroacoustics.net.
- Addresses, in detail, sound from rotating blades, ducted fans, airframes, boundary layers, and more
- Presents theory in such a way that it can be used in computational methods and calculating sound levels
- Includes coverage of different experimental approaches to this subject
Graduate students and researchers with an interest in hydroacoustics or aeroacoustics
- Cover image
- Title page
- Table of Contents
- Copyright
- Dedication
- Preface to first edition
- Preface to second edition
- Part One: Fundamentals
- 1: Introduction
- Abstract
- 1.1: Aeroacoustics of low Mach number flows
- 1.2: Sound waves and turbulence
- 1.3: Quantifying sound levels and annoyance
- 1.4: Symbol and analysis conventions
- 1.5: Organization of the book
- 1.6: Problems
- References
- 2: The equations of fluid motion
- Abstract
- 2.1: Mathematical notation and foundations
- 2.2: The equation of continuity
- 2.3: The momentum equation
- 2.4: Thermodynamic quantities
- 2.5: The role of vorticity
- 2.6: Energy and acoustic intensity
- 2.7: Some relevant fluid dynamic concepts and methods
- 2.8: Summary of key results
- 2.9: Problems
- References
- 3: Linear acoustics
- Abstract
- 3.1: The acoustic wave equation
- 3.2: Plane waves and spherical waves
- 3.3: Harmonic time dependence
- 3.4: Sound generation by small bodies in motion
- 3.5: Sound scattering by a small sphere
- 3.6: Superposition and far field approximations
- 3.7: Monopole, dipole and quadrupole sources
- 3.8: Acoustic intensity and sound power output
- 3.9: Solution to the wave equation using Green’s functions
- 3.10: Frequency domain solutions and Fourier transforms
- 3.11: Summary of key results
- 3.12: Problems
- References
- Part Two: Foundations of aeroacoustics
- 4: Lighthill’s acoustic analogy
- Abstract
- 4.1: Lighthill’s analogy
- 4.2: Limitations of the acoustic analogy
- 4.3: Curle’s theorem
- 4.4: Monopole, dipole and quadrupole sources
- 4.5: Tailored Green’s functions
- 4.6: Surfaces and sources
- 4.7: Wavenumber and Fourier transforms
- 4.8: Summary of key results
- 4.9: Problems
- References
- 5: The Ffowcs Williams and Hawkings equation
- Abstract
- 5.1: Generalized derivatives
- 5.2: The Ffowcs Williams and Hawkings equation
- 5.3: Moving sources
- 5.4: Sources in a free stream
- 5.5: The Prantl-Glauert transformation
- 5.6: Ffowcs Williams and Hawkings surfaces
- 5.7: Incompressible flow estimates of acoustic source terms
- 5.8: Summary of key results
- 5.9: Problems
- References
- 6: Propeller and open rotor noise
- Abstract
- 6.1: Tone and broadband noise
- 6.2: Time domain prediction methods for tone noise from a single rotor blade
- 6.3: Frequency domain prediction methods for tone noise
- 6.4: Amiet’s approximation for small scale disturbances
- 6.5: Blade vortex interactions
- 6.6: Summary of key results
- 6.7: Problems
- References
- Part Three: Unsteady blade loading
- 7: Amiet’s approach—The surface source for thin airfoils
- Abstract
- 7.1: Amiet’s approach
- 7.2: The incompressible flow blade response function
- 7.3: The compressible flow blade response function
- 7.4: The acoustic far field
- 7.5: Blade vortex interactions in compressible flow
- 7.6: Summary of key results
- 7.7: Problems
- References
- 8: Goldstein’s approach—Flows with distortion
- Abstract
- 8.1: Goldstein’s equation
- 8.2: Drift coordinates
- 8.3: Rapid distortion theory
- 8.4: The rapid distortion of vorticity
- 8.5: Summary of key results
- 8.6: Problems
- References
- 9: Howe’s and Powell’s approach—Vortex sound
- Abstract
- 9.1: Theory of vortex sound
- 9.2: Sound from two line vortices in free space
- 9.3: Surface forces in incompressible flow
- 9.4: Aeolian tones
- 9.5: Blade vortex interactions in incompressible flow
- 9.6: The effect of angle of attack and blade thickness on unsteady loads
- 9.7: RDT and airfoil loading noise
- 9.8: Summary of key results
- 9.9: Problems
- References
- Part Four: Turbulent flows
- 10: Stochastic processes
- Abstract
- 10.1: Averaging and the expected value
- 10.2: Time correlations and frequency spectra of a single variable
- 10.3: Time correlations and frequency spectra of two variables
- 10.4: Spatial correlation and the wavenumber spectrum
- 10.5: Summary of key results
- 10.6: Problems
- Reference
- 11: Turbulence and turbulent flows
- Abstract
- 11.1: The nature of turbulence
- 11.2: Averaging of the governing equations and computational approaches
- 11.3: Homogeneous isotropic turbulence
- 11.4: The fully developed plane wake
- 11.5: The zero pressure gradient turbulent boundary layer
- 11.6: Rapid distortion theory and turbulence
- 11.7: Surface blocking
- 11.8: Summary of key results
- 11.9: Problems
- References
- 12: Wall pressure fluctuations in turbulent boundary layers
- Abstract
- 12.1: The frequency spectrum
- 12.2: The wavenumber frequency spectrum
- 12.3: The Poisson equation for wall pressure
- 12.4: Kraichnan’s integration
- 12.5: Modeling of the mean-shear-turbulence term
- 12.6: Summary of key results
- 12.7: Problems
- References
- Part Five: Broadband flow noise from surface interactions and fans
- 13: Broadband noise from open rotors and leading edge noise
- Abstract
- 13.1: Broadband noise from open rotors in general
- 13.2: An airfoil in a turbulent stream
- 13.3: Blade to blade correlation and haystacking
- 13.4: Summary of key results
- 13.5: Problems
- References
- Further reading
- 14: Trailing edge noise and roughness noise
- Abstract
- 14.1: The origin and scaling of trailing edge noise
- 14.2: Amiet’s trailing edge noise theory
- 14.3: The method of Brooks, Pope and Marcolini [8]
- 14.4: Roughness noise
- 14.5: Summary of key results
- 14.6: Problems
- References
- 15: Duct acoustics
- Abstract
- 15.1: Introduction
- 15.2: The sound in a cylindrical duct
- 15.3: Duct liners
- 15.4: The Green’s function for a source in a cylindrical duct
- 15.5: Sound power in ducts
- 15.6: Non-uniform mean flow
- 15.7: The radiation from duct inlets and exits
- 15.8: Summary of key results
- 15.9: Problems
- References
- 16: Fan noise
- Abstract
- 16.1: Sources of sound in ducted fans
- 16.2: Duct mode amplitudes
- 16.3: The cascade blade response function
- 16.4: The rectilinear model of a rotor or stator in a cylindrical duct
- 16.5: Wake evolution in swirling flows
- 16.6: Fan tone noise
- 16.7: Broadband fan noise
- 16.8: Summary of key results
- 16.9: Problems
- References
- Part Six: Experimental methods
- 17: Aeroacoustic testing and instrumentation
- Abstract
- 17.1: Aeroacoustic wind tunnels
- 17.2: Wind tunnel acoustic corrections
- 17.3: Sound measurement
- 17.4: The measurement of turbulent pressure fluctuations
- 17.5: Velocity measurement
- 17.6: Summary of key results
- 17.7: Problems
- References
- 18: Measurement, signal processing, and uncertainty
- Abstract
- 18.1: Limitations of measured data
- 18.2: Uncertainty
- 18.3: Averaging and convergence
- 18.4: Numerically estimating Fourier transforms
- 18.5: Measurement as seen from the frequency domain
- 18.6: Calculating time spectra and correlations
- 18.7: Wavenumber spectra and spatial correlations
- 18.8: Summary of key results
- 18.9: Problems
- References
- 19: Phased arrays
- Abstract
- 19.1: Basic delay and sum processing
- 19.2: General approach to array processing
- 19.3: Deconvolution methods
- 19.4: Correlated sources and directionality
- 19.5: Summary of key results
- 19.6: Problems
- References
- Part Seven: Advanced mathematical methods
- 20: The theory of edge scattering
- Abstract
- 20.1: The importance of edge scattering
- 20.2: The Schwartzschild problem and its solution based on the Wiener-Hopf method
- 20.3: The effect of uniform flow
- 20.4: The leading edge scattering problem
- 20.5: Summary of key results
- References
- Appendix A: Nomenclature
- A.1: Symbol conventions, symbol modifiers, and Fourier transforms
- A.2: Symbols used
- Reference
- Appendix B: Branch cuts
- Appendix C: The cascade blade response function
- Appendix D: Tensor mathematics equivalents to displacement coordinates
- Index
- No. of pages: 722
- Language: English
- Edition: 2
- Published: September 26, 2023
- Imprint: Academic Press
- Paperback ISBN: 9780443191121
- eBook ISBN: 9780443218583
SG
Stewart Glegg
Stewart Glegg was a professor at Florida Atlantic University until he retired in May 2023 and is now an Affiliate faculty member of CREATe at Virginia Tech. He was an Associate Editor for the AIAA Journal (1994-97) and has served on the editorial board of the Journal of Sound and Vibration and the Journal of Aeroacoustics. In May 2004 he was awarded the American Institute for Aeronautics and Astronautics Aeroacoustics Award for "Outstanding contributions to the understanding and reduction of fan noise in turbo machinery". He has published over 200 technical papers in leading scientific and engineering journals.
Affiliations and expertise
Affiliate faculty member of CREATe at Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VAWD
William Devenport
William Devenport is Crofton Professor of Engineering at the Department of Aerospace and Ocean Engineering at Virginia Tech and leads a research program centred on experimental studies of aerodynamics and aeroacoustics. He is Director of the Virginia Tech Stability Wind Tunnel and Director of the Center for Research and Engineering in Aero/hydrodynamic Technology (CREATe). He has published over 200 technical articles and in May 2019 received the AIAA Aeroacoustics Award for “Seminal and pioneering contributions in aeroacoustics particularly in developing new experimental techniques and in the understanding of turbulence and surface roughness noise”.
Affiliations and expertise
Crofton Professor of Engineering, CREATe, Kevin T. Crofton Department of Aerospace and Ocean Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VARead Aeroacoustics of Low Mach Number Flows on ScienceDirect