Human Milk

Human Milk: Sampling for and Measurement of Energy-Yielding Nutrients and Other Macromolecules presents comprehensive, rigorous, state-of-the-science information on the origins, analysis, concentrations and variation in energy-yielding nutrients and other macromolecules present in human milk. The book includes information on how best to collect and store milk for determining concentrations of these important milk constituents and considers how to conduct milk composition analysis in research, clinical and resource-poor settings. Written by a group of international experts who are actively conducting research related to human milk macronutrients, each chapter also provides cutting-edge rationale for what research is still needed in this evolving field.

In addition, the book also outlines challenges and opportunities faced by clinicians, industry leaders and regulators interested in adding these components to infant foods, human milk nutrient fortifier and formula.

• Presents analytical issues and challenges
• Contains information regarding optimal milk collection and storage procedures for each milk component
• Uses a systematic treatment of common factors relating to milk composition variation (e.g., time postpartum, maternal diet)
• Provides a brief summary at the end of each chapter
• Reviews the literature related to history/discovery, analysis, isoforms, origins/transport, variability, metabolism and research gaps

Researchers, public health experts, and industry personnel interested in human milk, maternal/infant nutrition, and health

Part I The Energy-Yielding Nutrients
1. Proteins and Amino Acids in Human Milk - An Overview
2. Human Milk Lipids – An Overview
3. Regulation of Fatty Acids in Human Milk
4. Simple and Complex Carbohydrates in Human Milk
5. Alcohol in Human Milk
6. Assessing and Estimating Caloric Content of Human Milk

Part II Biologically-Active Macromolecules
7. Hormones and other Biologically-Active Proteins in Human Milk
8. Immune Factors in Human Milk
9. Nitrate and other Forms of Nonprotein Nitrogen in Human Milk
10. MicroRNAs and Stem Cells in Human Milk
11. Milk Fat Globule Membrane Proteins in Human Milk
12. Sphingolipids, Cholesterol, and Other Minor Lipids in Human Milk

Part III Methodologic Issues and Summary
13. Collection and Storage of Milk for Macronutrient and Macromolecule Analysis – An Overview
14. Measurement of Human Milk Production and Milk Intake
15. Rapid Measurement of Energy and Macronutrients in the Clinical Setting
16. Macronutrients and Macromolecules in Human Milk – Summary and Next Steps