
Human Milk and Infant Formula
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Human Milk and Infant Formula focuses on human milk and infant formula as the major sources of infant food. This book discusses the basic composition of human milk and explains the significant causes of variations in vitamins, minerals, and macronutrients. Comprised of nine chapters, this monograph starts with an overview of the benefits of breast-feeding with emphasis on the disease-fighting potential of mother's milk. This text then proceeds with a discussion of breast infections, contaminants of breast milk, allergic responses, and issues of drug use. Other chapters explore the formulation and processing of infant formula. This book discusses as well the emergence of milk banks that observe precautions in obtaining, storing, and pasteurizing human milk. The final chapter deals with the inability to digest lactose properly, which is commonly known as lactose intolerance. This monograph is a valuable resource for pediatricians, nutritionists, immunologists, as well as food technologists and chemists.
Table of Contents
Preface
Introduction
Current Infant Feeding Practices
Approach
1 Macronutrients and Energy
Carbohydrates
Fat
Protein
Energy Needs and Supply
General Dietary Considerations
2 Vitamins
Water-Soluble Vitamins
Fat-Soluble Vitamins
Processing Losses in Vitamin Content
Vitamin Content of the Milk of Other Mammals
Summary
3 Minerals
Calcium and Phosphorus
Magnesium
Iron
Zinc
Sodium, Potassium, and Chloride
Trace Minerals
Mineral Content of Goat's Milk
Summary
4 Immune Factors
Common Infectious Agents
Immune Responses
The Defenders
Nonspecific Defenders
Other Immune Factors
Nutritional Status and Immune Response
The Problem of Allergies
Additives and Immunity
Building Immune Factors into Infant Formula
5 Mammary Infections, Drugs, and Environmental Pollutants
Mammary Infections
Drugs and the Nursing Mother
Environmental Pollutants
6 Infant Formula Composition, Formulation, and Processing
The Nutrient Components of Infant Formula
Infant Formula: Its Formulation
Formulations for Premature Infants
Some Processing Considerations
Indirect Heating Methods
Direct Heating Methods
Processing Dry Infant Formula
Processing Immune Factors into Infant Formula
Adding Iron to Infant Formula
Processing Out Allergens
Standards of Quality Control
Infant Formula Act of 1980
Labeling Infant Foods
7 Human Milk: Extraction, Processing, and Storage
Standards of Bacterial Quality
Tips for Donors
Sanitary Expression of Milk
Storage of Milk
Pasteurization of Mother's Milk
In-Bottle Pasteurization
Heat Treatment, Nutrients, and Immune Potency
Cold (Chemical) Sterilization of Milk
Reducing Lactose Content
8 Infant Food: Use and Misuse
Breast Milk
Infant Formula
Preparation and Use of Non Formula Milk Products for Infant Feeding
Infant Botulism
9 Lactose: At Weaning and Beyond
The Very First Milk Drinkers
Lactose Digestion and Upset Stomachs
The Role of Lactose in the Diet
Practical Implications
Technology: A Part of the Answer
Lactose and Cataracts
Epilogue
Appendixes
1 Composition of Human Milk
2 Recommended International Standards for Kind and Amount of Nutrients in Formulas and Foods for Infants under Twelve Months of Age
3 Vitamin Compounds Approved for Addition to Formulas and Baby Foods
4 Mineral Salts Approved for Addition to Formulas and Foods for Infants and Children
5 Mineral Salts Pending Approval for Addition to Formulas and Foods for Infants and Children
6 International Allowances for Food Additives in Infant Formula
7 Dietary Needs of Women, Pregnant Women, and Nursing Mothers
8 Recommended Nutrient Intakes for Normal Full-Term Infants according to Various Sources
References
General References
Index
Product details
- No. of pages: 282
- Language: English
- Copyright: © Academic Press 1982
- Published: January 28, 1982
- Imprint: Academic Press
- eBook ISBN: 9780323157834