Human-Gut Microbiome

Establishment and Interactions

1st Edition - July 9, 2022
Editors: Gunjan Goel, Teresa Requena, Saurabh Bansal
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 1 3 1 3 - 3
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 1 3 7 1 - 3

Human-Gut Microbiome: Establishment and Interactions gives an overview of microbiome establishments in humans and basic technologies used to decipher the structure and function… Read more

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Human-Gut Microbiome: Establishment and Interactions gives an overview of microbiome establishments in humans and basic technologies used to decipher the structure and function of gut microbiome. Other sections focus on the application of microbiomics in different disease manifestations, such as obesity, diabetes, and more. The book provides the basics, as well as mechanistic knowledge underpinning the structural and functional understanding of the microbiome. With the advancement in omics technologies, as well as the development of bioinformatic tools, much research has been undertaken to decipher the microbiomes of different hosts.

This research is generating valuable insights into micro-ecological niches and their impact on humans, hence this new release covers these new insights. The book will be a valuable resource for scientists, researchers, postgraduate and graduate students who are interested in understanding the impact and importance of the omics approach to humans and their microbiomes.

Cover
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Contributors
Section A: Human microbiome: Establishment and functions
Chapter 1: An introduction to human gut microbiome
Abstract
Introduction
Human gut microbiota: Structure and composition
Early intestinal microbiota colonization
Gut microbiota and its impact on host health
Gut microbiota and associated diseases
Conclusions
References
Chapter 2: Early colonization of the human gut
Abstract
Establishment and development of intestinal microbiota in early life
Microbiome and reproduction: Is there microbial transmission in utero?
The transfer of bacteria from mother to child
References
Chapter 3: Techniques and challenges in studies related with human gut microbiome
Abstract
Introduction
Early studies of microbiome prior to sequencing
First-generation sequencing
Next-generation sequencing
TGS (single-molecule long read sequencing-SMRT)
Bioinformatics
Advancements in culturing techniques
Multiomics approach in understanding microbe-microbe and host-microbe interaction
Conclusion
References
Chapter 4: Dietary influence on human microbiome
Abstract
Acknowledgments
Introduction
Diet is determinant of the intestinal microbiota composition and function
Food ingredients accessible to the gut microbiota
Mutual interplay of diet, gut microbiota, and health
Food additives and the risk of industrialized microbiota
Concluding remarks
References
Chapter 5: Gut microbiome-derived metabolites in host health and diseases
Abstract
Introduction
Gut microbiome-derived metabolites: The basics
Short-chain fatty acids: Microbial fermentation
Physiological effects of microbial metabolites
SCFAs: Mechanisms of action
SCFAs in gut immune and inflammatory health
SCFAs in cardiometabolic health
SCFAs in cognitive and neurodegenerative health
Newly discovered gut microbial metabolites
Conclusion and prospects
References
Section B: Gut microbiome in health and diseases
Chapter 6: Role of gut microbiome in obesity
Abstract
Introduction
Historical background
Gut microbial diversity
The Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio
The dynamic relationship between obesity and the gut microbiota
Other mechanisms underlying the association between the gut microbiome and obesity
Factors that influence the composition of the gut flora
Modulation of gut flora to treat obesity
Future prospects
References
Chapter 7: Relationship between gut microbiome and diabetes
Abstract
Introduction
Historical background of diabetes and gut microbiome
Gut ecosystem
Type 2 diabetes and gut microbiome
Gestational diabetes and gut microbiome
Type-1 diabetes
Major events that aid the pathogenesis of diabetes during gut dysbiosis
Gut microbiome manipulation for treatment and prevention
Effect of metformin on gut ecosystem
Effect of insulin on gut ecosystem
Future prospects
References
Web Reference
Chapter 8: Human microbiome and neurological disorders
Abstract
Conflicts of interest/competing interests
Introduction
Neuropsychiatric disorder
Neurodegenerative diseases
Autoimmune diseases
References
Chapter 9: Modulation of gut microbiota by probiotic interventions: A potential approach toward alleviating food allergy
Abstract
Introduction
Gut microbiota and its implications in the development of immune system
Gut-dysbiosis and food allergy
Gut microbiota and food allergy
Effect of food allergens on host immune response
Probiotics and their effects in food allergy
Conclusion
References
Chapter 10: Interplay of alpha-synuclein pathology and gut microbiome in Parkinson’s disease
Abstract
Acknowledgments
Introduction
Gut microbiota roles and functions
Pathological implications of gut microbiota dysbiosis
Etiology of Parkinson’s disease and role of alpha-synuclein
Gut microbiota alterations and Parkinson’s disease
Interplay of αSyn and gut microbiota in inducing Parkinson’s disease
Alpha-synuclein in the microbiota-gut-brain axis
Utility of alpha-synuclein and the microbiome for diagnosis and treatment of Parkinson’s disease
Conclusions and perspectives
References
Chapter 11: Impact of indigenous microbiota in gut inflammatory disorders
Abstract
Introduction
Indigenous microbiota shifts the way the host responds to inflammatory triggers in the gut
Dysbiotic microbiota impacts disease outcome in gut inflammatory disorders
Concluding remarks
References
Chapter 12: Emergence of antibiotic resistance in gut microbiota and its effect on human health
Abstract
Introduction
Microbiota in infections
Antimicrobial resistance in gut microbiota
Strategies to prevent resistance generation and spread
Conclusion
References
Chapter 13: The gut microbiome in chronic kidney disease
Abstract
Introduction
Gut dysbiosis in chronic kidney disease
Uremic toxins and the gut microbiome
Inflammation and gut microbiome in CKD: CKD outcomes
Strategies for gut microbiome modulation in chronic kidney disease
Conclusions
References
Chapter 14: Fecal microbiota transfer: Basic and clinical aspects, current applications, and future perspectives
Abstract
Introduction
Donor selection
Sample collection and processing
Recipient preparation
Clinical follow-up and engraftment control
Current indications
Other applications under study
Risks and adverse effects
Cost-effectiveness
Legislation
FMT 2.0
Conclusions
References
Chapter 15: Human gut microbiome and psychological disorders
Abstract
Acknowledgment
Gut microbiome (GM) and physical health
GM and human psychology
References
Further reading
Chapter 16: Effects of contaminants (heavy metals) on the microbiota status in humans
Abstract
Introduction
Human gut microbiota
Modulation of the human gut microbiota
Influence of the human gut microbiota on homeostasis of contaminants
Effects of contaminants (heavy metals) on human gut microbiota
Conclusion
References
Further reading
Index

Gunjan Goel

Dr Gunjan Goel is an associate professor at the Department of Microbiology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, India. He completed his PhD in microbiology at the National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India, and did postdoctoral research at the University of Hohenheim, Germany and the University of Ghent, Belgium. He has been working in the area of microbial communities and their assessment and has published more than 70 research papers in journals of international repute. He has been the principal investigator for national and international research projects funded by government agencies. His current research focuses on deciphering the role of different factors affecting gut microbial ecology, bio-accessibility, and bioavailability of food ingredients for in vitro simulated gut-model systems, and the assessment of probiotics using in vitro and in vivo models. He is a life member of the Association of Microbiologists of India and the Probiotic Association of India and he is on the editorial board of Frontiers in Microbiology

Affiliations and expertise

Associate Professor, Department of Microbiology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, India

Teresa Requena

Dr Teresa Requena is scientific researcher on the, Spain. She specializes in lactic acid bacteria and modulation of intestinal microbiota by diet, probiotics, and prebiotics. Her recent research achievements relate to the development of in vitro dynamic models of simulation of the human intestinal microbial ecosystem. She has been an invited researcher at the University of Minnesota, USA, and the University of Otago, New Zealand and principal investigator for Spanish and international research projects. Dr Requena has collaborated with commercial companies through research contracts, having broad expertise in patent development and has transferred five patents to food and biotechnology companies. She is author of more than 120 scientific articles published in high-ranked scientific journals, two books, and over twenty book chapters. She is a member of the Board of Directors of the Spanish Society of Microbiota, Probiotics and Prebiotics

Affiliations and expertise

Spanish National Research Council, at the Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL, Madrid, Spain

Saurabh Bansal

Dr Saurabh Bansal works as an assistant professor in the Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, India. He completed his PhD in biotechnology at the Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, India. His PhD work involved the cloning, expression, purification, and characterization of the anti-cancer enzyme L-asparaginase from Pyrococcus furiosus, followed by development of their mutants, with improved turnover and catalytic efficiency, using a site-directed mutagenesis approach. Dr Saurabh has a keen interest in the identification of novel enzymes and improving their properties, using protein engineering tools, bio-catalysis, waste management, production optimization using bioprocess technology, and characterization. He has one US Patent. His work has been published in various internationally reputed journals namely, FASEB, Chemico-biological Interactions, Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Proteins and Proteomics, Acta Crystallographica Section D: Biological Crystallography, and Journal of Molecular Liquids. He is a life member of the Biotech Research Society, India and the Society of Biological Chemists, India

Affiliations and expertise

Assistant Professor, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, India