Hormones and Breast Cancer, Volume 93

Former Editors

Contributors

Preface

Chapter One. Estrogen-Mediated Mechanisms to Control the Growth and Apoptosis of Breast Cancer Cells: A Translational Research Success Story

1 Introduction

2 Clinical Presentation of Breast Cancer

3 Targeted Therapy

4 Transition to Tamoxifen

5 Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulation

6 Acquired Drug Resistance and the Surprise of SERMs

7 Estrogen-Induced Apoptosis: Back to the Beginning

8 The Legacy of Tamoxifen

Acknowledgments

References

Chapter Two. The Epidemiology and Molecular Mechanisms Linking Obesity, Diabetes, and Cancer

1 Introduction

2 Type 2 Diabetes and Breast Cancer

3 The Role of Cholesterol in Cancer Growth

4 Obesity, Estrogen, and Breast Cancer

5 Current Medications for Type 2 Diabetes: Relationship to Breast Cancer

6 Conclusions and Future Directions

References

Chapter Three. Sex Hormone Receptors in Breast Cancer

1 Introduction

2 Historical Perspective

3 Receptor Structure and Function

4 ER Agonists and Antagonists

5 Molecular Mechanisms of Estrogen Signaling

6 Implications in Breast Cancer

7 Future Directions

References

Chapter Four. Modulation of Estrogen Receptor Alpha Activity and Expression During Breast Cancer Progression

1 Introduction

2 DNA Methylation

3 ERα Transcriptional Regulation by cis- and trans-Acting Elements

4 ERα Gene Mutations and Splice Variants

5 MicroRNA Deregulation

6 Cross Talk with Growth Factor Receptor Signaling

7 ER Posttranslational Modifications

8 Hypoxia

9 ER Coregulators

10 Breast Cancer Stem-Like Cells

11 Pioneer Factors and Endocrine-Resistant Specific Cistromes

12 Conclusions and Future Directions

Acknowledgments

References

Chapter Five. Targeting Progesterone Receptors in Breast Cancer

1 Introduction

2 Progestins and Breast Cancer Risk

3 Progestins Stimulating Breast Cancer Growth in Animal Models

4 In Vitro Studies

5 Progestins Inhibiting Breast Cancer Growth

6 The Systemic Effect of Progestins

7 PRs and Gene Expression

8 Regulation of PR Activity

9 PRs as Therapeutical Targets for Breast Cancer Treatment

Acknowledgments

References

Chapter Six. The Hyperplastic Phenotype in PR-A and PR-B Transgenic Mice: Lessons on the Role of Estrogen and Progesterone Receptors in the Mouse Mammary Gland and Breast Cancer

1 Introduction

2 Developmental Stages in the Mouse Mammary Gland

3 Spatiotemporal Expression of Estrogen and Progesterone Receptors in the Mouse Mammary Gland

4 The Generation of PR-A and PR-B Transgenic Mice

5 Breast Cancer and PRs

6 PRs and Mammary Stem Cells

7 Conclusion and Future Directions

Acknowledgments

References

Chapter Seven. FOXP1 and Estrogen Signaling in Breast Cancer

1 Introduction

2 FOXP1 and FOXA1 in ERα-Positive Breast Cancer Cells

3 Clinicopathological Significances of FOXP1 and FOXA1 in ER-Positive Breast Cancer

4 Conclusions and Future Directions

Acknowledgments

References

Chapter Eight. Role of KLF5 in Hormonal Signaling and Breast Cancer Development

1 Introduction

2 Progesterone—PR Signaling, KLF5, and Breast Cancer

3 Estrogen—ER Signaling and KLF5 in Breast Cancer

4 Androgen/AR Signaling, KLF5, and Breast Cancer

5 Summary and Perspectives

Acknowledgments

References

Chapter Nine. Dynamic Regulation of Steroid Hormone Receptor Transcriptional Activity by Reversible SUMOylation

1 Introduction

2 Mechanisms of Protein SUMOylation

3 SR SUMOylation/deSUMOylation

4 SR SUMOylation Modulates Transcriptional Action and Promoter Selectivity

5 Conclusions

References

Chapter Ten. Beta-Endorphin Neuron Regulates Stress Response and Innate Immunity to Prevent Breast Cancer Growth and Progression

1 Introduction

2 Neuroendocrine Response to Stress

3 Chronic Stress and Its Effect on Immune Functions

4 Neuroendocrine-Immune Pathway of Cancer

5 Beta-Endorphin Neurotransmission Reduces the Body’s Stress Response

6 Beta-Endorphin Neurotransmission Enhances Innate Immunity

7 Beta-Endorphin Cell Transplantation Effects on the Neuroendocrine-Immune Pathway of Cancer

8 Conclusions

References

Chapter Eleven. The Functional Role of Notch Signaling in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer

1 Background—Triple-Negative Breast Cancer and Notch

2 Notch—Breast Oncogenes

3 Notch in TNBC

4 Notch in Luminal Versus Basal-Like Breast Cancer

5 ER and Notch

6 PR and Notch

7 HER-2 and Notch

8 Prognostic Makers for Survival Associated with Notch in TNBC

9 Therapeutic Strategies in TNBC

References

Chapter Twelve. ADAM22 as a Prognostic and Therapeutic Drug Target in the Treatment of Endocrine-Resistant Breast Cancer

1 Introduction

2 ADAM Proteins in Breast Cancer

3 ADAM22 and Breast Cancer

4 A Functional Role for ADAM22

5 ADAMs as Therapeutic Targets

6 Conclusions

References

Chapter Thirteen. Alpha-Actinin 4 and Tumorigenesis of Breast Cancer

1 Introduction

2 Overview of ACTNs

3 The Function of ACTN4 in Breast Cancer

4 ACTN4 and Other Cancers

5 Conclusion and Future Direction

Acknowledgments

References

Chapter Fourteen. Adherence Rates and Correlates in Long-term Hormonal Therapy

1 Introduction

2 Nonadherence in Clinical Practice

3 Patient-Reported Barriers to Adherence to Adjuvant Hormonal Therapies

4 Interventions to Increase Adherence

5 Discussion

6 Conclusion

References

Index

First published in 1943, Vitamins and Hormones is the longest-running serial published by Academic Press. The Editorial Board now reflects expertise in the field of hormone action, vitamin action, X-ray crystal structure, physiology and enzyme mechanisms.

Under the capable and qualified editorial leadership of Dr. Gerald Litwack, Vitamins and Hormones continues to publish cutting-edge reviews of interest to endocrinologists, biochemists, nutritionists, pharmacologists, cell biologists and molecular biologists. Others interested in the structure and function of biologically active molecules like hormones and vitamins will, as always, turn to this series for comprehensive reviews by leading contributors to this and related disciplines.

This volume focuses on hormones and breast cancer.

• Contributions from leading authorities
• Informs and updates on all the latest developments in the field

Researchers, faculty, and graduate students interested in cutting-edge review concerning the molecular and cellular biology of vitamins, hormones, and related factors and co-factors. Libraries and laboratories at institutes with strong programs in cell biology, biochemistry, molecular biology, gene regulation, hormone control, and signal transduction are likely to be interested