High Blood Pressure

PrefaceChapter I General Considerations Introductory Reliability of Results of Clinical Blood Pressure EstimationChapter II The Clinical Estimation of Arterial Pressure When to take Blood Pressure The Standard Measure of Arterial Pressure The Standard Width of the Compression Armlet The Five Methods of Estimation: 1. The Auditory Method 2. The Tactile Method 3. The Vibratory Method 4. The Oscillatory Method 5. The Graphic Method Conclusions The True Index of Diastolic Pressure The True Index of Systolic PressureTechnique of Arterial Pressure Estimation by the Auditory Method The Complete Arterial Pressure Picture Fallacies in Estimation of Arterial Pressure:— A. Sources of Error affecting both Systolic and Diastolic Pressures B. Sources of Error causing Over-estimation of the Systolic Pressure Method of Relaxation of Contracted and Thickened Arteries to secure a Corrected Reading of Systolic Arterial Pressure The Differential Blood Pressure SignChapter III Present-Day Instruments Employed in Estimation of Arterial Pressure Blood Pressure Instruments to be recommended :— A. Mercurial Sphygmomanometers B. Dial Sphygmomanometers (Aneroid) C. Oscillometric Sphygmomanometers (Aneroid) D. Self-recording Sphygmomanometers Blood Pressure Instruments to be avoidedChapter IV Fundamental Physiological Factors in Blood Pressure Significance of Blood Pressure Minimal, Maximal and Mean Arterial Pressures Differential (Pulse) Pressure Mean Pressure The Aim of Blood Pressure The Peripheral Resistance The Sympathetic Vasomotor System Tone, Tension and ViscosityChapter V Physiological Variations in Arterial Pressure Significance and Importance of the Diastolic Pressure Significance of the Systolic Pressure Significance of the Differential (Pulse) Pressure Significance of the Mean Pressure Average Normal Arterial Pressures I. In Children II. In Adults Theoretical Standard Arterial Pressures at Various Ages Simple Rules for calculating Arterial Pressures Limits of Normal Arterial Pressure Variation Influence of Physiological Factors on Arterial PressureChapter VI Hyperpieses; Hyperpiesia; Hypetronia I. Hyperpiesis II. Hyperpiesia III. Hypertonia Associations with Arteriosclerosis and Renal StatesChapter VII Arteriosclerosis Definition and Causation of Arteriosclerosis Pathology of Arteriosclerosis Hyperpiesis and ArteriosclerosisChapter VIII The Causation and Significance of Pathologically High Arterial Pressure Causal Factors Hyperpiesis not necessarily a symptom of Cardio-arteriorenal Changes Association of Hyperpiesis with Renal and Myocardial InvolvementChapter IX Symptomatology of High Arterial Pressure A. Symptoms B. Signs C. Effects:— 1. On the Heart 2. On the Arteries and Arterioles 3. On the Kidneys 4. On the BrainChapter X Diagnosis and Prognosis of High Arterial Pressure A. Diagnosis of High Arterial Pressure Clinical Examination of the Patient B. Bacteriological and Histological Investigations C. Biochemical Investigations :— 1. Tests of Renal Efficiency D. Prognosis of High Arterial Pressure 1. Favourable Features 2. Unfavourable Features Pathologically High Arterial Pressures Range of High Arterial Pressures Basal Metabolism in Hyperpiesis Importance of the Heart and Systolic Pressure in Prognosis Importance of the Diastolic and Mean Pressures in Diagnosis and Prognosis Raised Arterial Pressure in association with :— 1. Arteriosclerosis 2. Chronic Heart Muscle Insufficiency 3. Acute Infections 4. Acute Nephritis 5. Chronic Nephritis 6. Cerebral Angiospasm 7. Cerebral Haemorrhage 8. Cerebral Thrombosis 9. Aortic Regurgitation 10. Hyperthyroidism 11. Bilateral Carotid Pulsation 12. Ocular Changes Latency Effect on Mortality of High Arterial PressuresChapter XI Prevention of High Arterial Pressure 1. The Hours of Activity 2. The Hours of RestChapter XII Control of High Arterial Pressure High Arterial Pressures at times protective or compensatory Control varies in the following groups :- 1. Simple High Pressure Group 2. Cardiovascular Group . A. The Heart B. The Arteries 3. Renal Group . Psychical Measures Diet Physical Measures:- 1. Rest 2. Exercise 3. Deep Breathing Exercises 4. Relaxation Exercises and Passive Movements 5. Resistance Exercises 6. Massage 7. Diaphoresis 8. High Frequency and Diathermic Currents 9. Ultra-Violet Rays 10. X-Rays 11. Lumbar Puncture 12. Venesection and Fasting 13. Drug Therapy Appendix. The Treatment of High Arterial Pressure by Baths and WatersChapter XIII Arterial Pressure in Pulmonary Tuberculosis Low Arterial Pressures not the Rule in Chronic Pulmonary Tuberculosis Decline in Arterial Pressures depends on Absorption of Toxins Fluctuations with Altitude Prognosis The Author's Observations on Simultaneous Brachial Pressures in Pulmonary Tuberculosis Effect of Tuberculous Toxins upon Nervous and Endocrine Systems Diminution in Inspiratory Descent of Diaphragm in Pulmonary Tuberculosis and its Effects Results of Treatment on Arterial Pressure in TuberculosisChapter XIV Arterial Pressure in Relation to Life Assurance Indications afforded by the Diastolic Pressure Importance of recording the Complete Arterial Pressure Picture Value of Serial Estimations of Arterial Pressure Effects of Associated Conditions on Arterial Pressure General Hints on Life Assurance Examination Value of Sphygmomanometry in Life AssuranceChapter XV Epochs in the Clinical Estimation of Arterial Pressure 1. The Circulation of the Blood 2. Direct Estimation of Arterial Pressure—Physiological:— The Mercurial Manometer The Kymograph The Elastic or Spring Manometer 3. Indirect Estimation of Arterial Pressure—Clinical:—The Sphygmograph and the Weighted Sphygmograph Other Methods applying Pressure through Solids Sphygmomanometers applying Pressure through Fluids Pioneers in the Clinical Study of Arterial PressureIndex