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Handbook of the Moire Fringe Technique
1st Edition - February 11, 1991
Authors: K. Patorski, M. Kujawinska
Language: English
Hardback ISBN:9780444888235
9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 4 - 8 8 8 2 3 - 5
Moire fringe techniques have expanded considerably over the past decade and are now established as important metrological tools. The main reason for this flourishing expansion is…Read more
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Moire fringe techniques have expanded considerably over the past decade and are now established as important metrological tools. The main reason for this flourishing expansion is the use of the moiré fringe method in the common availability of the laser light. This book covers the major theoretical aspects and applications of the moire technique. A concise description of the formation of moiré fringes and their interpretation is presented. A comprehensive review of the most important applications of the moiré phenomenon is given. Although some of them are still being refined there are already well established applications to moire displacement and alignment sensors, grating interferometry, moiré processing of interferograms, moiré topography and strain analysis. There is also a discussion on the influence of the types of superimposition on structures and of the type of illumination used on the intensity distribution in moire patterns.
An understanding of moire fringes and of the characteristics of moiré patterns, which depend on various optical configurations, is essential for the proper use and control of moiré methods. The physical and practical attributes of each technique are clarified throughout. The book will prove most appropriate in meeting the needs of newcomers to the field, as well as those of researchers and technicians who want to acquire a broader view and assessment of particular techniques.
1. Theoretical Interpretation of Formation of Moiré Fringes. A Fourier series approach to the description of Moiré patterns. The parametric equation method. Description of moiré in terms of vectorial sums in Fourier space. Moiré as an aliasing phenomenon by undersampling. 2. Incoherent Methods of Superimposition of Structures. Moiré types: Additive, subtractive, multiplicative. Examples of two-structure superimpositions. Special techniques: Use of structures with orthogonal transmittances. 3. Coherent Methods of Superimposition. Fringe pattern formation by filtering of the double diffraction orders. Overlapping real time interference fringes with a recorded pattern. 4. Influence of the Type of Illumination and Separation of Gratings on the Intensity Distribution in Moiré Fringes. The case of: coherent illumination; incoherent illumination; partially coherent illumination. 5. Moiré Displacement Transducers. Basic concepts. Grating reading heads. Accuracy of moiré fringe transducers. 6. Moiré Fringe Alignment Methods. Optical alignment by whole-field detection of moiré fringes. Moiré patterns for three point alignment technique. Submicron alignment methods for lithography. 7. Moiré Photography. Principles. Implementation. Fringe pattern recording and processing. Examples of applications. 8. Moiré Methods in Interferometry. In two-beam interferometry. In two-beam interferometry with conjugate wavefronts. In grating shearing interferometry. 9. Shadow Moiré Topography. Principles. Theoretical description. Localization and contrast of moiré fringes. Fringe order determination: Absolute; Relative. Instrumental considerations. Applications. 10. Projection Moiré Topography. Principles and basic configurations. Configurations with a single projection system. Systems without grating in the observation system. Double projection moiré topography. Off-line demodulation methods. Contrast of moiré fringes. Absolute and relative fringe ordering. Instrumental considerations. 11. Reflection Moiré Method. Ligtenberg and Rieder-Ritter configurations. Reflection moiré arrangements for studying dynamic events. Specific experimental arrangement for studying the flexure of plates. 12. Moiré as a Graphical Solution to Physical Problems. Wave physics. Field physics. Interpretation of images formed in the field-ion microscope. 13. Automatic Fringe Pattern Analysis. Intensity methods. Phase measuring methods: general considerations. Phase-measuring methods: electronic, analytical. Comparison of automatic fringe pattern analysis methods. Future trends. Subject Index. References are included with each chapter.