Handbook of Properties of Textile and Technical Fibres

Handbook of Properties of Textile and Technical Fibres

2nd Edition - January 2, 2018

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  • Editor: A. R. Bunsell
  • eBook ISBN: 9780081018866
  • Hardcover ISBN: 9780081012727

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Description

Handbook of Properties of Textile and Technical Fibres, Second Edition introduces tensile properties and failure and testing of fibers, also examining tensile properties and the failure of natural fibers, such as cotton, hemp, flax, agave, wool and silk. Next, the book discusses the tensile properties and failure of synthetic fibers, ranging from polyamide, polyester, polyethylene and carbon fibers. Chapters provide a general background of the fiber, including its manufacture, microstructure, factors that affect tensile properties and methods to improve tensile failure. With its distinguished editor and international contributors, this book is an important reference for fiber scientists, textile technologists, engineers and academics.

Key Features

  • Offers up-to-date coverage of new and advanced materials for the fiber and textile industries
  • Reviews structure-property relationships of high-performance natural, synthetic polymer and inorganic fibers
  • Offers a range of perspectives on the tensile properties of fibers from an international team of authors with diverse expertise in academic research and in textile development and manufacture

Readership

Academics and professionals engaged in research into textile science and technology, particularly fibre scientists and laboratory technicians in textile testing facilities

Table of Contents

  • 1 Introduction to the science of fibers
    Anthony R. Bunsell
    1.1 Introduction
    1.2 Units of measure for fibers and their structures
    1.3 Fineness and flexibility
    1.4 Typical fiber properties
    1.5 Statistical nature of fiber properties
    1.6 Conclusions
    References
    2 Testing and characterization of fibers
    Anthony R. Bunsell, Sébastien Joann2.1 Introduction
    2.2 Determining fiber dimensions
    2.3 From the fiber surface morphology to its internal structure
    2.4 Mechanical characterization
    2.5 High temperature characterization
    2.6 Conclusion
    References
    Further reading

    Part One Animal fibres
    3 Properties of wool
    Michael G. Huson
    3.1 Introduction
    3.2 Structure of wool
    3.3 Models and theories of strength
    3.4 Methods of measurement
    3.5 Tensile failure
    3.6 Applications and examples
    3.7 Future trends
    3.8 Sources of further information and advice
    References
    4 Physical, chemical, and tensile properties of cashmere, mohair, alpaca, and other rare animal fibers
    Bruce A. McGregor
    4.1 Introduction
    4.2 Structure
    4.3 Tensile properties of fibers and textile products
    4.4 Examples based on textile applications
    4.5 Sources of further information
    References
    5 Silk: fibers, films, and compositesdtypes, processing, structure, and mechanics
    Philippe Colomban, Vincent Jauzein
    5.1 Introduction
    5.2 Silk
    5.3 Mechanical properties and microstructure
    5.4 Conclusions
    Acknowledgments
    References
    6 Engineering properties of spider silk
    Frank K. Ko, Lynn Y. Wan
    6.1 Introduction
    6.2 Structure
    6.3 Tensile properties and constitutive model
    6.4 Other engineering properties
    6.5 Engineering properties of man-made spider silk
    6.6 Summary and conclusions
    Acknowledgments
    References

    Part Two Plant fibres
    7 Tensile properties of cotton fibers: importance, research, and limitations
    Yehia Elmogahzy, Ramsis Farag
    7.1 Introduction
    7.2 The structural integrity of cotton fiber
    7.3 The relationship between cotton fiber structure and fiber strength
    7.4 Testing methods of the tensile behavior of cotton fibers
    7.5 Strength characterization: the stressestrain curve
    7.6 Tenacity or specific stress of cotton fibers
    7.7 Breaking elongation (strain)
    7.8 Stiffness or tensile rigidity of cotton fibers: the elastic modulus
    7.9 The yield point
    7.10 The toughness of cotton fibers
    7.11 Cotton fiber elastic recovery
    7.12 Adjustment for moisture content in cotton fiber strength testing
    7.13 The harvesting process
    7.14 The ginning process
    7.15 The spinning preparation process
    7.16 The spinning process
    7.17 The fiber-to-yarn relationships in the context of the tensile behavior of cotton fibers
    References
    Further reading
    8 Tensile properties of flax fibers
    Christophe Baley, Antoine Le Duigou, Claudine Morvan, Alain Bourmaud
    8.1 Introduction: general data on flax, culture, and use of flax fibers
    8.2 From plant to fibers
    8.3 Single flax fiber description
    8.4 Tensile mechanical properties of elementary flax fiber
    8.5 Remarks on the use of flax fibers in the composite materials
    8.5 Conclusion
    References
    9 Hemp, jute, banana, kenaf, ramie, sisal fibers
    Manickam Ramesh
    9.1 Introduction
    9.2 Plant growth and harvesting techniques
    9.3 Plant fiber extraction and separation process
    9.4 Treatment and modification of plant fibers
    9.5 Plant fibers
    9.6 Properties of plant fibers
    9.7 Plant fibers as reinforcements in biocomposites
    9.8 Future prospects
    9.9 Conclusion
    References

    Part Three Regenerated fibres
    10 Regenerated cellulosic fibers
    Avinash P. Manian, Tung Pham, Thomas Bechtold
    10.1 Introduction
    10.2 Manufacturing processes
    10.3 Supramolecular structure
    10.4 Manufacturing process variables
    10.5 Summary
    References
    11 Structure and behavior of collagen fibers
    Frederick H. Silver, Michael Jaffe, Ruchit G. Shah
    11.1 Introduction
    11.2 Collagen molecular structure
    11.3 Supramolecular structure of collagen
    11.4 Collagen crosslinking
    11.5 Collagen self-assembly
    11.6 Viscoelastic behavior of collagen fibers
    11.7 Viscoelasticity of self-assembled type I collagen fibers
    11.8 Collagen fiber failure
    11.9 Nondestructive methods for studying mechanical behavior
    of collagen fibers and tissues
    11.10 Mechanotransduction
    11.11 Conclusions
    References
    12 The chemistry, manufacture, and tensile behavior of polyamide fibers
    Jirí Militký, Mohanapriya Venkataraman, Rajesh Mishra
    12.1 Introduction
    12.2 Polyamide types
    12.3 Morphology of polyamide fibers
    12.4 Production and processing of polyamide fibers
    12.5 Tensile properties of polyamide fibers
    12.6 Failure mechanisms in polyamide fibers
    12.7 Conclusion
    References
    Further reading
    13 Tensile failure of polyester fibers
    Jirí Militký
    13.1 Introduction
    13.2 Chemistry and production of polyester fibers
    13.3 Processing and structure evolution in polyester fibers
    13.4 Mechanical behavior of polyester fibers
    13.5 Fibers containing naphthalene rings
    13.6 Conclusions
    References
    Further reading
    14 Tensile properties of polypropylene fibers
    Emmanuel Richaud, Bruno Fayolle, Peter Davies
    14.1 Introduction
    14.2 Polypropylene structure and properties
    14.3 Polypropylene fiber processing
    14.4 Initial tensile properties
    14.5 Fiber durability
    14.6 Example of PP fiber ropes in service
    14.7 Conclusions
    References
    15 Polyacrylonitrile fibers
    Bhupender S. Gupta, Mehdi Afshari
    15.1 Introduction
    15.2 Preparation of acrylonitrile
    15.3 Polymerization of acrylonitrile polymer
    15.4 Stereoregularity and chain conformation of polyacrylonitrile
    15.5 Acrylic fiber manufacturing
    15.6 Structure of acrylic fibers
    15.7 Physical properties of acrylic fibers
    15.8 Carbon fiber precursor
    15.9 Failure mechanisms of acrylic fibers
    15.10 Conclusions
    References
    16 Tensile fatigue of thermoplastic fibers
    Anthony R. Bunsell, J. Martin Herrera Ramirez, Christophe Le Clerc
    16.1 Introduction
    16.2 Principles of tensile fatigue
    16.3 The tensile and fatigue failures of thermoplastic textile fibers produced by melt spinning
    16.4 Mechanisms involved in fiber fatigue
    16.5 Tensile and fatigue failure at elevated temperatures and in structures
    16.6 Conclusions
    Acknowledgments
    References

    Part Four High performance reinforcing synthetic fibres
    17 Liquid crystalline organic fibers and their mechanical behavior
    Alessandro Pegoretti, Matteo Traina
    17.1 Introduction
    17.2 Liquid crystalline aromatic polyamide fibers
    17.3 Liquid crystalline aromatic heterocyclic fibers
    17.4 Liquid crystalline aromatic copolyester fibers
    17.5 Applications and examples
    References
    18 The manufacture, properties, and applications of high-strength, high-modulus polyethylene fibers
    Martin Vlasblom
    18.1 Introduction
    18.2 Manufacture
    18.3 Fiber characteristics
    18.4 Properties
    18.5 Processing
    18.6 Applications
    References
    19 The structure and properties of glass fibers
    Frank R. Jones, Norman T. Huff
    19.1 Introduction
    19.2 The nature of glass
    19.3 Fibre manufacture
    19.4 Strength of glass fibers
    19.5 Protection of fibers for strength retention
    19.6 Recycling of glass fibres
    19.7 Summary
    References
    20 Basalt fibers
    Jirí Militký, Rajesh Mishra, Hafsa Jamshaid
    20.1 Introduction
    20.2 Composition and production of basalt fibers
    20.3 Properties of basalt fibers
    20.4 Influence of temperature on mechanical behavior of basalt fibers
    20.5 Influence of acids and alkalis on mechanical behavior of basalt fibers
    20.6 Basalt filaments and fibers in composites
    20.7 Conclusions
    References
    Further reading
    21 The properties of carbon fibers
    Bradley A. Newcomb, Han G. Chae
    21.1 Introduction
    21.2 Manufacturing
    21.3 Mechanical properties
    21.4 Thermal and electrical properties
    21.5 Next-generation carbon fibers
    References
    22 Small-diameter silicon carbide fibers
    Anthony R. Bunsell
    22.1 Introduction
    22.2 First-generation silicon carbide fibers
    22.3 Second-generation small-diameter silicon carbide fibers
    22.4 Third-generation small-diameter silicon carbide fibers
    22.5 Surface coatings on silicon carbide fibers
    22.6 Dielectric properties
    22.7 Radiation resistance
    22.8 Conclusions
    Acknowledgments
    References
    23 Continuous oxide fibers
    David Wilson
    23.1 Introduction
    23.2 Sol/gel fiber processing
    23.3 Sol-gel chemistry and fiber microstructure
    23.4 Comparative properties of oxide fibers
    23.5 Fiber strength and properties
    23.6 High-temperature fiber properties
    23.7 Conclusions and future trends
    23.8 Sources of further information
    References
    24 Fibers made by chemical vapor deposition
    Xian Luo, Na Jin
    24.1 Introduction
    24.2 Boron fibers
    24.3 Boron fiber production
    24.4 Silicon carbide fiber
    24.5 Conclusions
    References

Product details

  • No. of pages: 1052
  • Language: English
  • Copyright: © Woodhead Publishing 2018
  • Published: January 2, 2018
  • Imprint: Woodhead Publishing
  • eBook ISBN: 9780081018866
  • Hardcover ISBN: 9780081012727

About the Editor

A. R. Bunsell

Dr Anthony Bunsell is Research Professor responsible for studies in the fields of fibre reinforcements and fibre composites at the Materials Centre of the Ecole des Mines de Paris. He is also Professor at the University of Nebraska Lincoln. He has authored more than 250 papers in international scientific journals and has produced fifteen books on materials science, composites and fibres. He has received a number of rewards for his research and was the first person to be made life Fellow of the French Association for Composite Materials (AMAC) and is only one of very few recipients of the title World Fellow of the International Committee on Composite Materials.

Affiliations and Expertise

Research Professor, Materials Centre, Ecole des Mines de Paris, France

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