
Handbook of Crystal Growth
Fundamentals
Description
Key Features
Volume IA
- Explores phase equilibria, defect thermodynamics of Si, stoichiometry of oxides and atomistic structure of melt and alloys
- Explains basic ideas to understand crystal growth, equilibrium shape of crystal, rough-smooth transition of step and surface, nucleation and growth mechanisms
- Focuses on simulation of crystal growth by classical Monte Carlo, ab-initio based quantum mechanical approach, kinetic Monte Carlo and phase field model. Controlled colloidal assembly is presented as an experimental model for crystal growth.
Volume IIB
- Describes morphological stability theory and phase-field model and comparison to experiments of dendritic growth
- Presents nanocrystal growth in vapor as well as protein crystal growth and biological crystallization
- Interprets mass production of pharmaceutical crystals to be understood as ordinary crystal growth and explains crystallization of chiral molecules
- Demonstrates in situ observation of crystal growth in vapor, solution and melt on the ground and in space
Readership
Scientists and engineers from diverse (academic/industrial) backgrounds including crystal growers, physicists, chemists, engineers, bioengineers, solid state scientists, materials scientists, earth scientists, etc.
Table of Contents
- General Preface
- Preface to Volume I
- List of Contributors
- Part A. Thermodynamics and Kinetics
- 1. Crystal Growth through the Ages: A Historical Perspective
- 1.1. Introduction
- 1.2. Evolution of Crystal Growth Theories
- 1.3. Crystal Growth Methods
- 1.4. Epilogue
- 2. Phase Equilibria
- 2.1. Introduction
- 2.2. Equilibria Between Condensed Phases
- 2.3. Equilibria Including Gas Phase
- 3. Atomistic Calculation of Defect Thermodynamics in Crystalline Silicon
- 3.1. Introduction
- 3.2. Theoretical Infrastructure for Analysis of Point Defect and Cluster Thermodynamics
- 3.3. Theoretical Estimation of Ground State Point Defect Formation Properties
- 3.4. Ground State Point Defect Cluster Thermodynamics
- 3.5. Inherent Structure Theory and Potential Energy Landscapes
- 3.6. High Temperature Defect Thermodynamics
- 3.7. Conclusions
- 4. Stoichiometry of Oxide Crystals
- 4.1. General Overview of Conventional Stoichiometry and Related Point Defects
- 4.2. Extended Concept of Stoichiometry in Oxide Crystals
- 4.3. Growth Characteristics of Stoichiometric Crystals
- 4.4. Oxide Crystals Having a Stoichiometric Composition Coincident with the Congruent Point
- 4.5. Summary
- 5. Equilibrium Shape of Crystals
- 5.1. Introduction
- 5.2. From Surface Free Energies to Equilibrium Crystal Shape
- 5.3. Applications of Formal Results
- 5.4. Some Physical Implications of Wulff Constructions
- 5.5. Vicinal Surfaces–Entrée to Rough Regions Near Facets
- 5.6. Critical Behavior of Rough Regions Near Facets
- 5.7. Sharp Edges and First-Order Transitions—Examples and Issues
- 5.8. Gold–Prototype or Anomaly of Attractive Step–Step Interaction?
- 5.9. Well-Established Attractive Step–Step Interactions Other Than ℓ−2
- 5.10. Conclusions
- 6. Rough–Smooth Transition of Step and Surface
- 6.1. Introduction: Universal Features
- 6.2. Background
- 6.3. Rough Surface
- 6.4. Roughening Transition and Faceting Transition as Critical Phenomena
- 6.5. Vicinal Surface
- 6.6. Step Faceting
- 6.7. Summary
- Appendix A. Transfer Matrix Method
- Appendix B. Driving Force for Crystal Growth
- Appendix C. Example of the Anisotropy of the Entropy of a Step
- Appendix D. IPW Method
- Appendix E. Calculation of Surface Width
- Appendix F. Derivation of the Capillary Wave Hamiltonian
- Appendix G. Other Microscopic Models
- 7. Theory of Nucleation
- 7.1. Introduction
- 7.2. Classical (Capillary) Nucleation Theory and Nucleation in Vapors
- 7.3. Nucleation in some other systems, Nucleation of Gas Bubbles from Superheated Liquids and Boiling
- 7.4. Earlier Corrections of the CNT
- 7.5. Molecular-Kinetic Approach to Crystal Nucleation
- 7.6. Equilibrium Shape of Crystals
- 7.7. Two-Dimensional Crystal Nucleation
- 7.8. Heterogeneous (Substrate) Nucleation, the Equilibrium Shape of Crystals on Supports, and Energy Barriers for Heterogeneous Nucleation
- 7.9. Nucleation Theorem
- 7.10. Probabilistic Features of the Nucleation Process
- 7.11. Use of Burst Nucleation for Producing Equally-Sized Nanoparticles
- 7.12. Nucleation of Protein Crystals
- 7.13. Concluding Remarks
- 7.14. Perspectives
- 8. Growth Kinetics: Basics of Crystal Growth Mechanisms
- 8.1. Introduction: Purpose of This Chapter
- 8.2. Crystal Growth as a Process of Phase Transition
- 8.3. Growth from Various Mother Phases
- 8.4. Normal Growth and Lateral Growth
- 8.5. Growth of Vicinal Faces
- 8.6. Crystal Growth in a Diffusion Field
- 8.7. Various Simulation Models of Crystal Growth
- 9. Structure of Melt and Liquid Alloys
- 9.1. Introduction: Structure of the Liquid State
- 9.2. Scattering: of Neutrons and X-rays
- 9.3. Case Studies
- 9.4. X-ray Absorption: EXAFS
- 9.5. Production of Beams
- 9.6. Experimental Setups
- 9.7. Computer Simulations of Liquids
- 9.8. Characterizations Beyond g(r)
- 9.9. Supramolecular Liquid Structures
- 9.10. Quasielastic and Inelastic Scattering
- 9.11. Conclusions
- 10. Monte Carlo Simulations of Crystal Growth
- 10.1. Introduction
- 10.2. Monte Carlo Model Description
- 10.3. Deposition on a Spherical Crystal Seed
- 10.4. Nucleation of Films on Foreign Substrates
- 10.5. Film Growth
- 10.6. Texture Development
- 10.7. Physical Vapor Deposition and Step Coverage
- 10.8. Size and Habit Evolution of Molecular Crystals
- 11. Ab initio-Based Approach to Crystal Growth: Chemical Potential Analysis
- 11.1. Introduction
- 11.2. Computational Methods
- 11.3. GaAs
- 11.4. InAs on GaAs
- 11.5. GaN
- 11.6. InGaN on GaN
- 11.7. Summary
- 12. Simulation of Epitaxial Growth by Means of Density Functional Theory, Kinetic Monte Carlo, and Phase Field Methods
- 12.1. Overview on Methods and Goals
- 12.2. Density Functional Theory Calculations
- 12.3. Kinetic Monte Carlo Simulations
- 12.4. Phase Field Methods
- 13. Controlled Colloidal Assembly: Experimental Modeling of Crystallization
- 13.1. Introduction
- 13.2. Colloidal Assembly under Control
- 13.3. Thermodynamic Driving Force for Crystallization
- 13.4. Nonclassical Nucleation
- 13.5. Kinetics of Crystal Growth
- 13.6. Interfacial Structural Mismatch and Network Formation
- 13.7. Crystal Defects
- 13.8. Concluding Remarks
- 1. Crystal Growth through the Ages: A Historical Perspective
- Part B. Transport and Stability
- 14. Morphological Stability
- 14.1. Introduction
- 14.2. Elementary Considerations
- 14.3. Linear Stability Analysis
- 14.4. Extensions of the Mullins-Sekerka Analysis
- 14.5. Nonlinear Analysis
- 14.6. Concluding Remarks
- 15. Phase-Field Models
- 15.1. Introduction
- 15.2. Order-Parameter Models: The “Bottom-Up” View
- 15.3. Diffuse Interfaces at Equilibrium
- 15.4. Free-Boundary Problems: The “Top-Down” View
- 15.5. Phase-Field Models for Solidification
- 15.6. Conclusions and Open Questions
- 16. Dendritic Growth
- 16.1. Introduction and Background
- 16.2. Observations and Simulation of Dendritic Growth
- 16.3. Dendritic Growth Theories
- 16.4. Branching
- 16.5. Summary
- 17. Grain Growth in the Melt
- 17.1. Introduction
- 17.2. Kinetics of Nucleation–Growth
- 17.3. Growth Rate of Crystal Grains in Melt Growth [11,12]
- 17.4. Grain Growth during Unidirectional Growth of Polycrystalline Ingot
- 17.5. Concluding Remarks
- 18. Growth of Semiconductor Nanocrystals
- 18.1. Overview
- 18.2. Selective-Area Epitaxy
- 18.3. Quantum Dots
- 18.4. Formation of III-V Nanowires
- 19. Nucleation and Growth Mechanisms of Protein Crystals
- 19.1. Introduction
- 19.2. Proteins and Protein Crystals
- 19.3. The Thermodynamics of Protein Crystallization
- 19.4. Methods of Protein Crystallization
- 19.5. The Role of Nonprotein Solution Components and the Intermolecular Interactions in Solution
- 19.6. Crystal Nucleation
- 19.7. Mechanisms of Growth of Crystals
- 19.8. Concluding Remarks
- 20. Biological Crystallization
- 20.1. Introduction
- 20.2. The Mechanisms of Biological Crystallization
- 20.3. Crystallization Techniques to Study Biological Crystallization
- 20.4. The Role (Function) of Biological Crystallization
- 20.5. Current Trends and the Future of Biological Crystallization
- 21. Crystallization of Pharmaceutical Crystals
- 21.1. Introduction
- 21.2. Crystallization from Solution
- 21.3. Crystallization Methods
- 21.4. Development of a Batch Crystallization Process at the Laboratory Scale
- 21.5. Conclusion
- 22. Crystallization of Chiral Molecules
- 22.1. Introduction and Background
- 22.2. Chiral Crystallization
- 22.3. Chiral Crystallization from Achiral and Chiral Molecules
- 23. In Situ Observation of Crystal Growth by Scanning Electron Microscopy
- 23.1. Introduction
- 23.2. Method of In Situ Imaging by SEM
- 23.3. Application of In Situ SEM
- 23.4. Summary
- 24. In Situ Observation of Crystal Growth and Flows by Optical Techniques
- 24.1. Introduction
- 24.2. Development of Optical Techniques
- 24.3. Modern Interferometry and Microscopy for In situ Observation of Crystal Growth
- 24.4. Three-Dimensional Observation of Flow and Concentration Field
- 24.5. Future Developments
- 25. Snow and Ice Crystal Growth
- 25.1. Introduction
- 25.2. Crystallographic Features of an Ice Crystal
- 25.3. Surface Structure of an Ice Crystal
- 25.4. Growth of Snow Crystals
- 25.5. Free Growth of an Ice Crystal in Supercooled Water
- 25.6. Directional Growth of Ice Crystals
- 25.7. Ice Crystal Growth Controlled by Biological Macromolecules
- 25.8. Summary
- 26. Crystal Growth of Quasicrystals
- 26.1. Introduction to Quasicrystals
- 26.2. Structures of QCs
- 26.3. Variations of QCs
- 26.4. Growth Methods
- 26.5. Selected Results
- 26.6. Growth Mechanism
- 26.7. Concluding Remarks
- 14. Morphological Stability
- Index
Product details
- No. of pages: 1214
- Language: English
- Copyright: © Elsevier 2014
- Published: November 4, 2014
- Imprint: Elsevier
- eBook ISBN: 9780444593764
- Hardcover ISBN: 9780444563699
About the Editor
Tatau Nishinaga
With more than 40 years experience in the field of Semiconductors, and in particular Crystal Growth, he is well-recognized as well as accomplished, with prizes including (but not limited to): The Yamazaki-Teiichi Prize (2002); IOCG (International Organization for Crystal Growth) Laudise Prize (2004); Award for the Contribution to the Japanese Association for Crystal Growth (2004); Award for the Great Achievement to the Japanese Association for Crystal Growth (2007).
His 207 original papers, 229 Reviews, Proceedings and 492 (including 33 Invited talks) Oral Presentatios, and authorshi/contribution to 16 books are indicative of his knowledge and standing in the field.
He has (and still holds) numerous Editorial (journal) functions and has chaired and organised several conferences/meetings and acted as President for the Japan Assoc. Crystal Growth and the International Organization for Crystal Growth (IOCG).