Groundwater Resource Development

Preface1 Development of Groundwater Resources 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Establishment of the Requirement 1.3 Desk Feasibility Study 1.4 Field Investigation 1.5 Safeguard of Supply 1.6 Approximate Cost of Groundwater Development Schemes 1.7 References2 Groundwater: Fundamentals 2.1 The Origin and Occurrence of Groundwater 2.2 Porosity and Permeability 2.3 Flow through Soils and Rocks 2.4 Fissure Flow 2.5 Assessment of Permeability 2.6 Assessment of Flow in the Field 2.7 Groundwater in Igneous and Metamorphic Rocks 2.8 Groundwater in Sedimentary Rocks 2.9 References3 Groundwater Exploration 3.1 The Desk Study and Preliminary Reconnaissance 3.2 Remote Sensing Imagery and Aerial Photographs 3.3 Field Exploration 3.4 Geophysical Exploration 3.5 Logging of Boreholes or Drillholes 3.6 Maps 3.7 References4 Assessment of Aquifer Recharge and Potential Well Yield 4.1 Introduction 4.2 The Hydrological Cycle 4.3 Natural Groundwater Recharge 4.4 Natural Groundwater Discharge 4.5 Assessment of Aquifer Recharge and Potential Well Yield 4.6 Location of Wells for Maximum Yield - Summary of Factors for Consideration 4.7 References5 Groundwater Quality 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Physical Properties of Groundwater 5.3 Biological Character of Groundwater 5.4 Chemistry of Groundwater 5.5 Rock Types and Groundwater 5.6 Uses of Groundwater 5.7 Investigation of Groundwater Quality 5.8 References6 Well Design and Construction 6.1 Well Design and Construction 6.2 Well Drilling Methods 6.3 Well Design for Confined and Unconfined Aquifers 6.4 Selection of a Suitable Well Diameter with Respect to Yield 6.5 Well Screens 6.6 Well Straightness, Verticality, Hole Diameter and Formation Fillers 6.7 Pump Selection and Depth of Setting 6.8 Details of Well Construction 6.9 Well Development or Stimulation 6.10 Artificially Developed Wells-Gravel Packing 6.11 Well Sterilization 6.12 Other Types of Well Construction and Practice 6.13 References7 Aquifer Hydraulics and Pumping Tests 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Aquifer Hydraulics 7.3 Well Hydraulics 7.4 Well Discharge Equations and the Prediction of the Response of an Aquifer to Pumping 7.5 Planning a Pumping Test 7.6 The Conduct of a Pumping Test 7.7 Correction of Pumping Test Data Prior to Analysis 7.8 Boundary Analysis Using Image Wells 7.9 Extension of Pumping Test Data 7.10 Examples of Pumping Test Analysis 7.11 References8 Groundwater Pollution 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Rock Type, Pollution Potential and Attenuation of a Pollutant 8.3 Faulty Well Design and Construction 8.4 Leachate from Refuse Disposal Sites 8.5 Induced Infiltration 8.6 Saline Intrusion 8.7 Nitrate Pollution 8.8 Other Causes of Pollution 8.9 Detection of Groundwater Pollution 8.10 References9 Groundwater Management 9.1 Groundwater Level Considerations 9.2 Groundwater Monitoring 9.3 Artificial Recharge 9.4 Conjunctive Use 9.5 References10 Groundwater Modeling Techniques 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Development of Modeling Techniques and Types of Model Available 10.3 General Data Requirements of Groundwater Models 10.4 Finite Difference Groundwater Models 10.5 The Finite Element Method 10.6 Other Considerations and Useful Bibliography 10.7 ReferencesAppendix IAppendix IIIndex