Green Technologies for the Defluoridation of Water

1st Edition - July 17, 2021
Editors: Mohammad Hadi Dehghani, Rama Rao Karri, Eder Claudio Lima
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 8 5 7 6 8 - 0
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 8 5 6 4 6 - 1

Green Technologies for the Defluoridation of Water focuses on the application of green technologies for the defluoridation of water using adsorption processes and nanoadsor… Read more

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Green Technologies for the Defluoridation of Water focuses on the application of green technologies for the defluoridation of water using adsorption processes and nanoadsorbents. Chapters cover the environmental and health effects of fluoride presence in ambient air, food, water, soil and vegetation, focus on approaches for analytical methods to determine the presence of fluoride in water, review various types of conventional and advanced techniques used for removal, focus on adsorption as a green technology, review various types of adsorbents, and emphasize a techno-economic assessment with respect to conventional and non-conventional technologies.

This book provides readers with comprehensive methods and applications, while also presenting the global impacts of fluoride ion on the environment, including in drinking water, food, air, soil and vegetables. The authors compare different defluoridation technologies in detail, providing researchers in environmental science and nanotechnology fields with the information they need to create solutions on how to safely remove fluoride from water in a sustainable and cost-effective way.

I: Properties, source, health and environmental risk assessment of fluoride

1. Sources and occurrence of fluoride in the environment

1.1. Fluoride in ambient air

1.2. Fluoride in food / foodstuffs

1.3. Fluoride in soil, agricultural crops and vegetables

1.4. Fluoride in water

2. Effects on human health

2.1. Intake and metabolism of fluoride

2.2. Dental fluorosis

2.3. Skeletal fluorosis

2.4. Neurological problems

2.5. Developmental Effects

2.6. Reproductive Effects

2.7. Endocrinological Effects

2.8. Gastrointestinal Effects

2.9. Carcinogenic Effects

3. Effects of fluoride on animals

4. Effects of fluoride on plants

5. Guidelines and standards of fluoride in drinking water

II: Approaches and analytical methods for determination of fluoride in water

1.1. Spectrophotometry

1.2. Anion exclusion chromatography

1.3. Flow injection analysis

1.4. Rapid photometric method

1.5. Potentiometry

1.6. Colorimetry

1.7. HPLC

1.8. Sensors

1.9. Overview of the methods, in terms of advantages and drawbacks

III: Conventional and advanced techniques for removal of fluoride from water

1. Traditional techniques for removal of fluoride from water

1.1. Fundamentals and theories

1.2. Coagulation and precipitation

1.3. Membrane separation

1.4. Ion exchange

1.5. Electrochemical process

1.6. Electro-dialysis

1.7. Adsorption

1.8. Others

1.9. Overview of the techniques, in terms of advantages and drawbacks

IV: Adsorption: A cost-effective green technology for removal of fluoride from water

1. Fundamentals of adsorption

2. Factors affecting adsorption

3. Adsorption modeling

3.1. Introduction

3.2. Isotherms

3.2.1. Henry’s Law

3.2.2. Monolayer adsorption and the Langmuir isotherm

3.2.3. Freundlich isotherm model

3.2.4. Langmuir-Freundlich models

3.2.5. Other isotherm models

3.3. Comparison of linear and nonlinear fitting of isotherms

3.3.1. Typical values of isotherm parameters for different adsorbate–fluoride systems

3.4. Kinetics

3.4.1. Adsorption reaction models

3.4.1.1. Pseudo 1st order model

3.4.1.2. Pseudo 2nd order model

3.4.1.3. General-order model

3.4.2. Empirical models

3.4.3. Avrami-fractional-order

3.4.4. Elovich chemisorption

3.4.5. Intraparticle diffusion models

3.4.5.1. Weber – Morris

3.4.5.2. Boyd models

3.4.5.3. Other models

3.4.6. Diffusional mass transfer models

3.5. Comparison of linear and nonlinear fitting of kinetics

3.6. Thermodynamics

3.7. Equilibrium constant

3.8. Thermodynamic equilibrium constant

3.9. Linear and nonlinear van´t Hoff equation

V: Adsorbents for removal of fluoride from water

1. Adsorbents types for fluoride removal

1.1. Natural adsorbents

1.1.1. Alumina and alumina-based adsorbents

1.1.2. Calcium based adsorbents

1.1.3. Clay and bentonite

1.1.4. Pumice

1.1.5. Zeolite

1.1.6. Other natural materials

1.2. Derived adsorbents

1.3. Metal based adsorbents

1.4. Carbon based adsorbents

1.4.1. Activated carbon

1.4.2. Carbon nanotube

1.4.3. Graphene/Graphene oxide

2. Waste based adsorbents

2.1. Agricultural waste adsorbents

2.2. Industrial waste adsorbents

2.3. Building materials

3. Bio-sorbents

3.1. Biopolymers - based adsorbents

3.2. Biomass (algal and fungal biomass)

3.3. Chitin - chitosan derivatives

3.4. Other bio-sorbents

4. Nanoparticles and Nanocomposites based adsorbents

5. Methods for desorption / regeneration of adsorbents and their performance

VI: Techno-economic assessment of de-fluoridation of water

1. Analysis of scaling aspects from lab-scale to pilot-scale and further to industrial scale

2. Techno-economic assessment of different conventional and non-conventional technologies

VII: Global water challenges and future perspectives

1. Future prospects and opportunities in handling water related issues

Mohammad Hadi Dehghani

Prof. Dr. Mohammad Hadi Dehghani is a Full Professor at the Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran. His scientific research interest includes environmental science. He is an editorial board member, guest editor, and reviewer in many internal and international journals and is a member of several international science committees around the world. He has authored or edited 16 books and more than 230 full papers published in peer-reviewed journals.

Affiliations and expertise

Professor, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Tehran, Iran

Rama Rao Karri

Dr. Rama Rao Karri is a Professor (Sr. Asst) in the Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Brunei Darussalam. He has a Ph.D. from the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Delhi, Master’s from IIT Kanpur in Chemical Engineering. He has worked as a Post-Doctoral research fellow at NUS, Singapore for about six years and has over 18 years of working experience in Academics, Industry, and Research. He has experience of working in multidisciplinary fields and has expertise in various evolutionary optimization techniques and process modelling. He has published 150+ research articles in reputed journals, book chapters, and conference proceedings with a combined Impact factor of 611.43 and has an h-index of 28 (Scopus - citations: 2600+) and 27 (Google Scholar -citations: 3000+). He is an editorial board member in 10 renowned journals and a peer-review member for more than 93 reputed journals and has peer-reviewed more than 410 articles. Also, he handled 112 articles as an editor. He also has the distinction of being listed in the top 2% of the world’s most influential scientists in the area of environmental sciences and chemicals for the Years 2021 & 2022. The List of the Top 2% of Scientists in the World compiled and published by Stanford University is based on their international scientific publications, the number of scientific citations for research, and participation in the review and editing of scientific research. He held a position as Editor-in-Chief (2019-2021) in the International Journal of Chemoinformatics and Chemical Engineering, IGI Global, USA. He is also an Associate editor in Scientific Reports, Springer Nature & International Journal of Energy and Water Resources (IJEWR), Springer Inc. He is also a Managing Guest editor for Spl. Issues: 1) “Magnetic nanocomposites and emerging applications", in Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering (IF: 5.909), 2) “Novel CoronaVirus (COVID-19) in Environmental Engineering Perspective", in Journal of Environmental Science and Pollution Research (IF: 4.223), Springer. 3) “Nanocomposites for the Sustainable Environment”, in Applied Sciences Journal (IF: 2.679), MDPI. He along with his mentor, Prof. Venkateswarlu is authoring an Elsevier book, “Optimal state estimation for process monitoring, diagnosis, and control”. He is also co-editor and managing editor for 8 Elsevier, 1 Springer and 1 CRC edited books. Elsevier: 1) Sustainable Nanotechnology for Environmental Remediation, 2) Soft computing techniques in solid waste and wastewater management, 3) Green technologies for the defluoridation of water, 4) Environmental and health management of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), 5) Pesticides remediation technologies from water and wastewater: Health effects and environmental remediation, 6) Hybrid Nanomaterials for Sustainable Applications, 7) Sustainable materials for sensing and remediation of noxious pollutants. Springer: 1) Industrial wastewater treatment using emerging technologies for sustainability. CRC: 1) Recent Trends in Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) for micro-pollutant removal.

Affiliations and expertise

Senior Assistant Professor, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Brunei Darussalam

Eder Claudio Lima

Prof. Lima is a Professor of the Institute of Chemistry at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul. Prof Lima was editor of the Journal of Hazardous Materials from 2018 to 2020. He was an editor of the Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering (JECE) from 2013 to 2018 and Editor of Special Issues of JECE from 2018 to 2019. Now, Prof. Lima is an editor of Microporous and Mesoporous Materials. He has more than 200 published papers. He has been working on the removal of toxic compounds from aqueous effluents using various kinds of adsorbents. His research group is now broadly focused on the use of biomass, in natural and/or chemically modified forms, for the removal of toxic species from industrial effluents; the development of new adsorbent materials such as organo-functionalized silica and silicates, celluloses, and carbon nanotubes; and the production of new activated carbons derived from renewable sources.

Affiliations and expertise

Professor, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil