Gradient Index Optics
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Gradient Index Optics deals with the application of gradients in optical systems of classical types: gradient index lenses. The emphasis is on the theory and practice related to gradient index lenses. Only isotropic media are considered since they are the ones for which the refractive index at each point is independent of direction. Comprised of 12 chapters, this book begins with a historical background on the use of gradients in astronomy and developments in gradient index lenses, along with the underlying basic theory. The discussion then turns to spherical gradients, paying particular attention to rays, Maxwell's fisheye lens, the Luneburg lens, and astronomical refraction. Subsequent chapters focus on the ray trace in a spherical gradient; axial gradients and their use as an anti-reflection coating; radial gradients and ray tracing in a radial gradient; and fundamentals of aberration theory. The wood lens and ray trace in a general medium are also considered, together with methods for fabrication of gradient elements and measurement of index gradients using an approximate method and interferometric methods. This monograph will be of interest to physicists.
Table of Contents
Preface
Chapter 1 Historical Introduction
1.1 Gradients in Astronomy
1.2 Gradient Index Lenses
1.3 Recent Developments
1.4 Basic Theory
Chapter 2 Spherical Gradients
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Determining the Rays
2.3 Maxwell's Fisheye Lens
2.4 The Luneburg Lens
2.5 The Generalized Luneburg Lens
2.6 Astronomical Refraction
Chapter 3 Ray Trace in a Spherical Gradient
3.1 Basic Equations
3.2 Improving the Ray-Trace Formulas
3.3 Finding the Direction of the Ray
3.4 Technical Considerations
3.5 Summary
3.6 Numerical Example
3.7 Other Examples
Chapter 4 Axial Gradients
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Equations of the Rays
4.3 A Special Axial Gradient
4.4 Wave Optics Considerations
4.5 Axial Gradient as an Antireflection Coating
Chapter 5 Radial Gradients
5.1 Basic Equations
5.2 Practical Considerations
5.3 A Special Radial Gradient
5.4 The GRIN Rod Problem
Chapter 6 Ray Tracing in a Radial Gradient
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Paraxial Ray Trace
6.3 Special Trace for Meridional Rays
6.4 A Perturbation Tracing Method
6.5 Third-Order Trace
Chapter 7 Aberration Theory
7.1 Basic Concepts
7.2 Total Aberrations
7.3 Buchdahl Theory
Chapter 8 The Wood Lens
8.1 Introduction
8.2 The Photographic Wood Lens
8.3 The Thin Wood Lens
Chapter 9 More General Media
9.1 Rotation-Symmetric Gradient
9.2 A Practical Ray-Tracing Routine
9.3 Ray Trace in a General Medium
Chapter 10 Lens Design with Gradient
10.1 General Comments
10.2 A Simple Axial-Gradient Lens
10.3 Paraxial Rays in a Gradient Singlet
10.4 Designing Gradient Singlets
10.5 A Spherical-Gradient Singlet
10.6 Replacing Aspherics by Gradients
10.7 A Simple Image Inverter
Chapter 11 Fabrication of Gradient Elements
11.1 The Diffusion Method
11.2 Other Methods
Chapter 12 Measurement of Index Gradients
12.1 An Approximate Method
12.2 Interferometric Methods
Appendix A Derivation of Equations (1.8)
Appendix B Verification of Tracing Formulas for a Spherical Gradient
Appendix C Derivation of Third-Order Tracing Formulas for a Radial Gradient
Appendix D Derivation of Equations (10.10) to (10.16)
References
Index
Product details
- No. of pages: 176
- Language: English
- Copyright: © Academic Press 1978
- Published: December 28, 1978
- Imprint: Academic Press
- eBook ISBN: 9780323160667