Global Review of Human Settlements

Global Review of Human Settlements: A Support Paper for Habitat: United Nations Conference on Human Settlement reviews global human settlement conditions and the factors affecting their present and future developments. The report presents information, analyses, and conclusions. It analyzes the causes and effects of the urbanization process; describes the quality of life in human settlements; and presents relevant definitions, list of tables, and country composition by regions. The urbanization process pertains to demographical and economical aspects. Demographical aspects include city size, city growth, migration, and natural increase. Natural population increase accounts for about one-half of urban population while migration from rural to urban places account for the other half. One aspect of the quality of life in human settlements is the prevailing housing conditions. According to the report, housing conditions in most developing countries have become worse in the past ten years due to rapid population growth, to rates of migration from rural to urban places, and to the decline of the rate of increase in national output. The report also contains a list of criteria used nationally to distinguish urban areas from rural areas. For example, South Korea defines urban areas as Seoul or municipalities with 5,000 or more inhabitants. The report is suitable for demographers, economists, environmentalists, ecologists, and policy makers involved in rural development and social services.

List of Tables

List of Figures

Note

Introduction

A. The Urbanization Process

1. Demographic Aspects

1.1 The World Population Situation

1.2 Growth of Urban and Rural Settlements in Different Parts of the World

1.3 Urban Concentration

1.4 City Size and City Growth

1.5 Migration and Natural Increase

1.6 Sex and Age Composition of Urban and Rural Settlements

1.7 The Demographic Outlook

Notes

2. Economic Aspects

2.1 Degree of Urbanization and Level of Gross National Product Per Capita

2.2 Growth Rate of Urban Population and Rate of Increase in GNP Per Capita

2.4 The Informal Sector

2.5 Underemployment

2.6 Open Unemployment

2.7 Employment, Unemployment and Poverty

2.8 Urban Household Income and its Source

2.9 Urban Household Expenditure

2.10 The Employment Outlook in Less Developed Regions: Projected Absorption of the Economically Active Population by Sector in 1980 and 1990

Notes

B. The Elements of Human Settlements

3. Land

3.1 The Supply of Raw Land for Urban Settlements

3.2 The Supply of Developed Land in Urban Settlements

3.3 Requirements for Residential Urban Land

3.4 Land Use for Industry and Transportation

3.5 Land Prices

3.6 Land Ownership

3.7 Instruments for Control of Land Use

Sources Mentioned in this Section

Notes

4. Housing

4.1 Housing Conditions

4.2 Housing Construction

4.3 Housing Requirements

4.4 Housing Finance Institutions

Notes

5. Infrastructure

5.1 Utilities

5.2 Community Facilities

5.3 Transport

Notes

C. Relevant Definitions, List of Tables Included in the Statistical Annex, Country Composition of Major Regions

6. Relevant Definitions

7. List of Tables Included in the Statistical Annex (A/conf. 70/A/1/Annex)

8. Country Composition of Major Regions