Geomorphological Processes

PrefaceList of IllustrationsList of Tables1 Introduction 1.1 A Geomorphological Equation 1.2 Earth Materials 1.3 Endogenetic Processes 1.4 Exogenetic Processes 1.4a Weathering Processes 1.4b Climate and Surface Processes 1.5 Processes and Systems2 Drainage Basin Processes 2.1 Perspectives on the Drainage Basin 2.1a Drainage Basin Studies 2.1b Slope Studies 2.1c The Geomorphological Equation Applied to the Drainage Basin 2.1d Types of Model 2.2 Processes in the Drainage Basin 2.2a Water Movement 2.2b Mass Movement 2.2c Sediment and Solutes in Water 2.2d Water and Sediment in River Channels 2.3 Principles Applied to the Drainage Basin 2.3a Particles on Slopes 2.3b Fluids in Channels 2.3c Equilibrium Concepts 2.3d Utilization of Models 2.4 Patterns of Process 2.4a Temporal Patterns and Sequences 2.4b Measuring Process Rates 2.4c Some Controls of Spatial Patterns 2.5 Prospects in the Drainage Basin3 Coastal Processes 3.1 Waves 3.1a Wave Propagation Velocity 3.1b Wave Types 3.1c Waves Generated by the Wind 3.1d Wave Attenuation: Shoaling Transformation 3.1e Wave Energy 3.1f Breaking Waves 3.1g Surf Beat 3.1h Long Period Waves 3.1i Wave Refraction 3.1j Wave Refraction Diagrams 3.1k Wave Reflection 3.1l Wave Diffraction 3.1m Wave Direction 3.1n Edge Waves 3.2 Tides and Variations in Mean Sea Level 3.3 Nearshore Sediment Budget 3.3a Fluvial Sediment Discharge 3.3b Estuaries 3.4 Hydrodynamics of the Nearshore Zone 3.4a Longshore Currents 3.4b Rip Currents: Nearshore Cell Circulation 3.4c Longshore Sediment Transport 3.5 Estimates of Sediment Transport from Tracer Dispersal Studies 3.6 Beach Processes and Monitoring Techniques 3.6a Beach Profiles 3.6b Effects of Swash Percolation and Groundwater Flow on Beach Profiles 3.6c Beach Gradients 3.6d Ridge and Runnel Profiles 3.6e Summary Comments 3.7 Rhythmic Shoreline Features 3.8 Textural Parameters of Shoreline Sediments 3.8a Changes Normal to the Shoreline 3.8b Changes Parallel to the Shoreline 3.9 Shoreline Configuration: Beaches in Plan 3.10 Planning and Coast Protection 3.10a Beach Nourishment 3.10b Coast Protection Schemes 3.10c Dredging Offshore Banks 3.11 Concluding Remarks and Suggestions for Future Research4 Aeolian Processes 4.1 Entrainment and Transport: Threshold Speed and Grain Size 4.1a Grain Size 4.2 Abrasion and Deflation 4.2a Surface Roughness 4.2b Ventifact Formation and Deflation 4.3 Bedforms 4.3a Sand Ripples and Ridges 4.3b Seif or Longitudinal Dunes 4.3c Barchan Dunes 4.3d Ergs 4.4 Loess 4.5 Conclusions and Prospects5 Cryonival and Glacial Processes 5.1 Forms of Ice in the Landscape 5.1a Ground and Soil Ice 5.1b Snow and Firn 5.1c Glacier Ice 5.2 Some Properties of Massive Ice 5.3 Cryonival Processes 5.3a Rock Disruption 5.3b Soil Disruption 5.3c Contraction Cracking 5.3d Degradation of Permafrost 5.3e Nivation 5.3f Rock Glacier Flow 5.4 Glacial Erosional Processes 5.4a The Preparatory Processes 5.4b Processes of Glacial Erosion 5.5 Debris Entrainment by Glaciers 5.6 Glacial Depositional Processes 5.6a Glacigenic Sediments 5.6b Lodgement 5.6c Meltout, Flow and Sliding 5.7 Meltwater Erosion and Glaci-Aquatic Sedimentation 5.7a Meltwater Erosion 5.7b Glaci-Aquatic Sedimentation 5.8 Post-Depositional Processes Affecting Glacial Sediments 5.9 Landform and Sediment Associations in Space and Time 5.10 Prospects for Cold Climate Process Studies6 Conclusion: A PostscriptBibliographySubject IndexGeographical Index