
Geometric Morphometrics for Biologists
A Primer
Description
Key Features
- Contains updated coverage of methods, especially for sampling complex curves and 3D forms and a new chapter on applications of geometric morphometrics to forensics
- Offers a reorganization of chapters to streamline learning basic concepts
- Presents detailed instructions for conducting analyses with freely available, easy to use software
- Provides numerous illustrations, including graphical presentations of important theoretical concepts and demonstrations of alternative approaches to presenting results
Readership
Table of Contents
Chapter 1. Introduction
- A Critical Overview of Measurement Theory
- Shape and Size
- Methods of Data Analysis
- Biological and Statistical Hypotheses
- Organization of the Book
- Software and Other Resources
- References
Part 1: Basics of Shape Data
Chapter 2. Landmarks and Semilandmarks
- Criteria for Choosing Landmarks
- Bookstein’s Typology of Landmarks
- Examples: Applying Ideals to Actual Cases
- Designing Your Own Measurement Scheme
- References
Chapter 3. Simple Size and Shape Variables: Shape Coordinates
- Shape Coordinates
- Size
- Statistics of Shape Coordinates
- Procrustes Superimposition
- Procrustes Superimposition in Three-Dimensions
- Semilandmark Sliding
- Resistant-Fit Superimposition
- References
Chapter 4. Theory of Shape
- The Definition of Shape
- Morphometric Spaces
- Pre-Shape Space
- Shape Spaces
- The Spaces of Three-Dimensional Configurations
- A Numerical Example for the Simplest Case
- Tangent Spaces
- Summary
- References
Chapter 5. The Thin-plate Spline: Visualizing Shape Change as a Deformation
- Modeling Shape Change as a Deformation
- The Physical Metaphor
- An Intuitive Introduction to Partial Warps
- An Algebraic Introduction to Partial Warps
- Decomposing the Deformation of Three-Dimensional Data
- Using the Thin-Plate Spline to Visualize Shape Change
- Using Bending Energy to Superimpose Semilandmarks
- Appendix
- References
Part 2: Analyzing Shape Variables
Chapter 6. Ordination Methods
- Principal Components Analysis
- Canonical Variates Analysis
- Between Groups Principal Components Analysis
- References
Chapter 7. Partial Least Squares Analysis
- Analyzing Covariances Between Blocks and Significance Testing
- Mathematical Details of Two Block PLS
- Using PLS to Compare Patterns of Covariance Between Blocks Across Groups
- Comparing PLS to Other Methods
- Applications of PLS
- References
Chapter 8. Statistics
- The Correlation Coefficient
- Multivariate Regression
- Distance-Based Methods of Hypothesis Testing
- Comparing Two Means
- One-Way ANOVA/MANOVA
- Extension of the Univariate ANOVA to Multivariate Shape Data
- Appendix: An Overview of Randomization and Monte Carlo Methods
- References
Chapter 9. General Linear Models
- Factors and Experimental Design
- Design Matrices
- The Form of a General Linear Model
- F-tests and Mean Squares
- Generalizing and Extending the Simple Univariate ANOVA
- Models
- Unbalanced Designs and Sums of Squares
- Working with Multivariate Sum of Squares
- Permutation Approaches to General Linear Models
- Models with Multiple Factors
- Models with Covariates
- Models with Multiple Factors and a Covariate
- Analyzing Measurement Error
- Implementing GLM
- References
Part 3: Applications
Chapter 10. Ecological and Evolutionary Morphology
- Incorporating Phylogeny in Comparative Studies
- Evolutionary Allometry
- Form and Function
- Comparing Trajectories
- Magnitude and Structure of Morphological Diversity
- Analyzing the Structure of Disparity
- References
Chapter 11. Evolutionary Developmental Biology(1): The Evolution of Ontogeny
- Why Allometry is Interesting in its Own Right
- Formalisms for the Analysis of Ontogenetic Allometry: Traditional Morphometric Data
- Hypotheses about the Evolution of Ontogenetic Trajectories
- Testing Hypotheses about the Evolution of Ontogeny
- Dissecting the Developmental Basis of Disparity
- Age-Based Comparisons of Growth and Developmental Rates and Timings
- Disparity of Ontogeny
- References
Chapter 12. Evolutionary Developmental Biology (2): Variational Properties
- Phenotypic Plasticity: Quantifying Norms of Reaction
- Canalization: Quantifying Variation
- Developmental Stability: Quantifying Developmental Noise
- Analyzing the Relationship Between Plasticity, Canalization and Developmental Stability
- Predicting the Structure of Covariation: Morphological Integration and Modularity
- References
Chapter 13. Morphometrics and Systematics
- Taxonomic Discrimination
- Finding Characters
- Coding
- Summary
- References
Chapter 14. Forensic Applications of Geometric Morphometrics
- Size and Shape
- What Does it Mean for Shapes to “Match”?
- Matching Shapes in the Human Dentition
- Sex Estimation in a Forensic Context
- Likelihood Ratios and Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
- References
Product details
- No. of pages: 488
- Language: English
- Copyright: © Academic Press 2012
- Published: August 2, 2012
- Imprint: Academic Press
- eBook ISBN: 9780123869043
- Hardcover ISBN: 9780123869036
About the Authors
Miriam Zelditch
Affiliations and Expertise
Donald Swiderski
Affiliations and Expertise
H. Sheets
Affiliations and Expertise
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