Geological Storage of Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

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Woodhead Publishing Series in Energy

Foreword

Introduction

Part I: Fundamentals of the geological storage of CO2

Chapter 1: Anthropogenic climate change and the role of CO2 capture and storage (CCS)

Abstract:

1.1 Climate change and anthropogenic emissions of CO2

1.2 Emissions of CO2

1.3 CO2 capture and storage

1.4 Trends in CO2 capture and storage (CCS)

Chapter 2: CO2 storage capacity calculation using static and dynamic modelling

Abstract:

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Static methods for deep saline aquifers

2.3 Dynamic methods for deep saline aquifers

2.4 Storage capacity in oil and gas reservoirs and unmineable coal seams

2.5 Examples of CO2 storage assessment projects

2.6 Conclusion

2.7 Challenges and future trends

2.8 Sources of further information and advice

Chapter 3: Modelling the injectivity, migration and trapping of CO2 in carbon capture and storage (CCS)

Abstract:

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Reservoir processes and how they are modelled

3.3 Engineering options to manage CO2 storage

3.4 Challenges and future trends

Chapter 4: Monitoring the geological storage of CO2

Abstract:

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Storage site monitoring aims

4.3 Types of monitoring technologies and techniques

4.4 Monitoring strategies

4.5 Monitoring results: modelling temporal responses

4.6 Challenges and future trends

4.7 Sources of further information and advice

Chapter 5: The role of pressure in carbon capture and storage (CCS)

Abstract:

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Types of CO2 storage units

5.3 Relevance of pressure to CO2 storage sites

5.4 Conclusion

5.6 Appendix: glossary

Chapter 6: Modeling long-term CO2 storage, sequestration and cycling

Abstract:

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Types of models

6.3 Long-term behavior and modeling issues

6.4 Development and application of site-specific models

6.5 Challenges and future trends

6.6 Sources of further information and advice

Part II: Environmental, social and regulatory aspects

Chapter 7: CO2 leakage from geological storage facilities: environmental, societal and economic impacts, monitoring and research strategies

Abstract:

7.1 Introduction

7.2 A generic approach to risks and impacts

7.3 Impacts and risks relating to the marine system

7.4 Impacts and risks relating to terrestrial systems

7.5 An ecosystem services description of economic impacts

7.6 Monitoring and mitigation of storage sites

7.7 The role of natural analogue sites and artificial experiments

7.8 Challenges and future trends

7.9 Sources of further information and advice

Chapter 8: Risk assessment of CO2 storage complexes and public engagement in projects

Abstract:

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Risk assessment of a storage complex

8.3 TESLA: an advanced evidence-based logic approach to risk assessment

8.4 Addressing technical, governance and fiscal challenges to carbon capture and storage (CCS) with risk assessment

8.5 Public engagement in CCS projects

Chapter 9: The legal framework for carbon capture and storage (CCS)

Abstract:

9.1 Introduction

9.2 The role of international law: the Kyoto Protocol

9.3 The role of European law: Directive 2009/31/EC on the geological storage of carbon dioxide

9.4 Legal liabilities

9.5 Challenges and future trends

Part III: Case studies

Chapter 10: Offshore CO2 storage: Sleipner natural gas field beneath the North Sea

Abstract:

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Geological setting

10.3 Monitoring: introduction and time-lapse 3D seismics

10.4 Other monitoring methods

10.5 Monitoring in the context of the EU regulatory regime

10.6 Future trends

Chapter 11: The CO2CRC Otway Project in Australia

Abstract:

11.1 Introduction

11.2 Developing Australia's first storage project

11.3 Constructing the CO2CRC Otway Project

11.4 Monitoring the site

11.5 Successfully undertaking the Otway Project

11.6 Outcomes of the Otway Project

11.7 Future trends

11.8 Acknowledgements

Chapter 12: On-shore CO2 storage at the Ketzin pilot site in Germany

Abstract:

12.1 Introduction

12.2 Geographic and geologic setting

12.3 Site infrastructure and injection process

12.4 Integrated operational and scientific monitoring

12.5 Lessons learned from the Ketzin pilot site

12.6 Future trends

12.7 Acknowledgements

Chapter 13: The K12-B CO2 injection project in the Netherlands

Abstract:

13.1 Introduction

13.2 Site characterization

13.3 Site characterization: legal and social aspects

13.4 Test cycles and monitoring

13.5 Reservoir modelling

13.6 Challenges and lessons learned

13.7 Sources of further information and advice

Index

Geological storage and sequestration of carbon dioxide, in saline aquifers, depleted oil and gas fields or unminable coal seams, represents one of the most important processes for reducing humankind’s emissions of greenhouse gases. Geological storage of carbon dioxide (CO2) reviews the techniques and wider implications of carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS).

Part one provides an overview of the fundamentals of the geological storage of CO2. Chapters discuss anthropogenic climate change and the role of CCS, the modelling of storage capacity, injectivity, migration and trapping of CO2, the monitoring of geological storage of CO2, and the role of pressure in CCS. Chapters in part two move on to explore the environmental, social and regulatory aspects of CCS including CO2 leakage from geological storage facilities, risk assessment of CO2 storage complexes and public engagement in projects, and the legal framework for CCS. Finally, part three focuses on a variety of different projects and includes case studies of offshore CO2 storage at Sleipner natural gas field beneath the North Sea, the CO2CRC Otway Project in Australia, on-shore CO2 storage at the Ketzin pilot site in Germany, and the K12-B CO2 injection project in the Netherlands.

Geological storage of carbon dioxide (CO2) is a comprehensive resource for geoscientists and geotechnical engineers and academics and researches interested in the field.

• Reviews the techniques and wider implications of carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS)
• An overview of the fundamentals of the geological storage of CO2 discussing the modelling of storage capacity, injectivity, migration and trapping of CO2 among other subjects
• Explores the environmental, social and regulatory aspects of CCS including CO2 leakage from geological storage facilities, risk assessment of CO2 storage complexes and the legal framework for CCS

Petrologists, geoscientists, geotechnical engineers; Academic and researchers in the fields of earth sciences, geology, geoscience, petroleum engineering, reservoir engineering, and CO2 science