Geological Records of Tsunamis and Other Extreme Waves

1st Edition - July 22, 2020
Editors: Max Engel, Jessica Pilarczyk, Simon Matthias May, Dominik Brill, Ed Garrett
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 1 5 6 8 6 - 5
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 1 5 6 8 7 - 2

Geological Records of Tsunamis and Other Extreme Waves provides a systematic compendium with concise chapters on the concept and history of paleotsunami research, sediment… Read more

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Geological Records of Tsunamis and Other Extreme Waves provides a systematic compendium with concise chapters on the concept and history of paleotsunami research, sediment types and sediment sources, field methods, sedimentary and geomorphological characteristics, as well as dating and modeling approaches. By contrasting tsunami deposits with those of competing mechanisms in the coastal zone such as storm waves and surges, and by embedding this field of research into the wider context of tsunami science, the book is also relevant to readers interested in paleotempestology, coastal sedimentary environments, or sea-level changes, and coastal hazard management.

The effectiveness of paleotsunami records in coastal hazard-mitigation strategies strongly depends on the appropriate selection of research approaches and methods that are tailored to the site-specific environment and age of the deposits. In addition to summarizing the state-of-the-art in tsunami sedimentology, Geological Records of Tsunamis and Other Extreme Waves guides researchers through establishing an appropriate research design and how to develop reliable records of prehistoric events using field-based and laboratory methods, as well as modeling techniques.

SECTION 1 Introduction

1 Geological records of tsunamis and other extreme waves: concepts, applications and a short history of research

2 Historical records: their importance in understanding and mitigating tsunamis

3 Tsunami magnitude scales

4 Trigger mechanisms and hydrodynamics of tsunamis

5 Tsunami databases

6 Onshore archives of tsunami deposits

SECTION 2 Field methods

7 Geophysical prospection and sedimentological characteristics of subaquatic tsunami deposits

8 Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) in coastal hazard studies

9 Mapping of subaerial coarse clasts

10 Post-event field surveys

SECTION 3 Fine-Grained deposits

11 The sedimentology and geometry of fine-grained tsunami deposits from onshore environments

12 Foraminifera in tsunami deposits

13 Ostracoda in extreme-wave deposits

14 Diatoms in tsunami deposits

15 The application of molluscs for investigating tsunami deposits

16 Magnetic susceptibility and anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility: versatile tools to decipher hydrodynamic characteristics of past tsunamis

17 X-ray tomography applied to tsunami deposits

18 Applications of geochemical proxies in paleotsunami research

19 Microtextures in tsunami deposits: a useful sediment fingerprinting tool

20 Paleogenetic approaches in tsunami deposit studies

21 Post-depositional changes to tsunami deposits and their preservation potential

22 Erosional signatures and reorganization in ridge-and-swale sequences

23 Experimental and numerical models of fine sediment transport by tsunamis

SECTION 4 Coarse-Clast deposits

24 Spatial patterns of subaerial coarse clasts

25 Mega-tsunami deposits related to ocean island flank collapses and asteroid impacts

26 Erosive impact of tsunami and storm waves on rocky coasts and postdepositional weathering of coarse-clast deposits

27 Experimental models of coarse-clast transport by tsunamis

28 Reconstruction of transport modes and flow parameters from coastal boulders

29 Perspective of incipient motion formulas:boulder transport by high-energy waves

SECTION 5 Dating

30 Radiocarbon dating of tsunami and storm deposits

31 Radiocarbon and U/Th dating of tsunami and storm-transported coarse clasts

32 Optically stimulated luminescence dating of tsunami and storm deposits

33 Archaeological dating of tsunami and storm deposits

34 Tephrostratigraphy and tephrochronology

35 Cosmogenic nuclide dating of coarse clasts References

36 Paleomagnetic dating of wave-emplaced boulders

Max Engel

Dr. Engel has expertise in coastal geomorphology and sedimentology, palaeotsunami research, natural hazards, geoarchaeology, arid landscapes, and palaeoclimatology. Since 2012 he has held a position as postdoctoral researcher and lecturer at the University of Cologne. Prior to that, Dr. Engel was a research assistant and lecturer University of Cologne and at the University of Marburg. He received his PhD in Physical Geography from the University of Cologne.

Affiliations and expertise

Head of Laboratory of Geomorphology and Geoecology, Institute of Geography, Heidelberg University, Germany

Jessica Pilarczyk

Dr. Pilarczyk has expertise in coastal geology, micropalaeontology, tsunamis, tropical cyclones, sea level change, palaeoseismology, natural hazards, and temperate, tropical, and arid coastlines. She is currently an Assistant Professor at the University of Southern Mississippi. Previously she held positions as a Postdoctoral Associate at Rutgers University, a Visiting Research Fellow at the Earth Observatory of Singapore, and a Visiting Research Fellow at the University of New South Wales. Dr. Pilarczyk received her PhD in Geology from McMaster University.

Affiliations and expertise

Assistant Professor and Tier II Canada Research Chair, Department of Earth Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Canada

Simon Matthias May

Dr. May has expertise in coastal geomorphology, palaeotsunami and palaeotempestological research, geoarchaeology, and geochronology. He currently is a Postdoctoral researcher at the University of Cologne. Previously he served as a Postdoctoral researcher at the German Archaeological Institute, a research assistant and lecturer at the University of Cologne, and a Research assistant and lecturer at the University of Marburg. Dr. May received his PhD in Physical Geography from the University of Cologne.

Affiliations and expertise

Postdoctoral Researcher, Institute of Geography, University of Cologne, Germany

Dominik Brill

Dr. Brill has expertise in coastal geomorphology and sedimentology, natural hazard research, geochronology, and luminescence dating. He is currently the Head of Cologne Luminescence Laboratory at the University of Cologne. Dr. Brill’s previous experience includes serving as a Postdoc and Lecturer at the University of Cologne, a research assistant at the University of Cologne, and a research assistant and lecturer at the University of Marburg. He received his PhD in Physical Geography from the University of Cologne.

Affiliations and expertise

Head of Cologne Luminescence Laboratory, Institute of Geography, University of Cologne, Germany

Ed Garrett

Dr. Garrett has expertise in palaeoseismology, sea-level change, natural hazards, Quaternary environmental change, quantitative biostratigraphy, and geochronology. He is currently a Research Associate at the University of York. Dr. Garrett has previously held positions at Durham University, Northumbria University and the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences. He received his PhD in Physical Geography from Durham University.

Affiliations and expertise

Research Associate, Environment and Geography, University of York, UK