Gender, Racial, and Socioeconomic Issues in Perioperative Medicine , An Issue of Anesthesiology Clinics

1st Edition, Volume 38-2 - May 5, 2020
Editors: Katherine Forkin, Lauren Dunn, Edward Nemergut
Language: English
Hardback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 7 1 2 8 7 - 3
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 7 1 2 8 8 - 0

This issue of Anesthesiology Clinics, guest edited by Drs. Katherine Forkin, Lauren Dunn, and Edward Nemergut, is focused on Gender, Racial, and Socioeconomic Issues in… Read more

Gender, Racial, and Socioeconomic Issues in Perioperative Medicine , An Issue of Anesthesiology Clinics

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This issue of Anesthesiology Clinics, guest edited by Drs. Katherine Forkin, Lauren Dunn, and Edward Nemergut, is focused on Gender, Racial, and Socioeconomic Issues in Perioperative Medicine. Topics include: Addressing Racial and Gender Disparities amongst Physicians and the Impact on the Community they Serve; Addressing Racial and Gender Disparities in Critical Care; Care and Outcomes of Religious Minority Patients in the ICU; Genetics and Gender in Acute Pain and Perioperative Analgesia; Women and Underrepresented Minorities in Academic Anesthesiology; Special Considerations Related to Race, Sex, Gender, and Socioeconomic Status in the Preoperative Evaluation; Racial Differences in Cesarean Section and Labor Analgesia; Gender Differences in Postoperative Outcomes after Cardiac Surgery; Perioperative Considerations Regarding Sex in Solid Organ Transplantation; Considerations for Transgender Patients Perioperatively; Health Disparities in Pediatric Anesthesia; Role of Gender and Race in Patient Reported Outcomes and Satisfaction; and Effects of Gender and Race/Ethnicity in Perioperative Team Performance.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Contributors
Forthcoming Issues
Special Considerations Related to Race, Sex, Gender, and Socioeconomic Status in the Preoperative Evaluation: Part 1: Race, History of Incarceration, and Health Literacy
Key points
Introduction
Race and ethnicity
Racial differences in comorbidities
Racial differences in preferences for care and the physician-patient relationship
Patients with a history of incarceration
Low health literacy
Special Considerations Related to Race, Sex, Gender, and Socioeconomic Status in the Preoperative Evaluation: Part 2: Sex Considerations and Homeless Patients
Key points
Introduction
Sex considerations
Undomiciled (homeless) patients
Summary
Racial Differences in Pregnancy-Related Morbidity and Mortality
Key points
Introduction
Discrepancies in maternal health outcomes
The links between race and health
National efforts to reduce racial disparities in obstetrics
Anesthesiologists’ roles in improving maternal care for black mothers
Summary
Perioperative Considerations Regarding Sex in Solid Organ Transplantation
Key points
Organ donation
Kidney
Pancreas
Liver
Lung
Heart
Summary
Considerations for Transgender Patients Perioperatively
Key points
Introduction
Gender-affirming therapies
Preoperative
Intraoperative
Postoperative
Summary
Racial Disparities in Pediatric Anesthesia
Key points
Introduction
Health care provider factors
Patient level factors
System-level factors
Strategies for addressing pediatric health care disparities
Summary
Genetics and Gender in Acute Pain and Perioperative Opioid Analgesia
Key points
Introduction
Overall genetic variability in pain perception
Sex as a variable in experimental pain perception
Sex hormones and pain perception in women
Sex as a factor in postoperative acute pain
Sex and opioid analgesia
Single gene mutations—single-nucleotide polymorphisms and pain
Metabolic pathway genetic polymorphisms and opioid analgesia
Concluding remarks
The Flaw of Medicine: Addressing Racial and Gender Disparities in Critical Care
Key points
Introduction
Precision medicine in the intensive care unit: influence of basic science on health disparities
Gender impact on health disparities in critical care
Race impact on health disparities in critical care
Summary
Two Sides of the Same Coin: Addressing Racial and Gender Disparities Among Physicians and the Impact on the Community They Serve
Key points
Gender imbalance in critical care medicine
Under-representation of ethnic minority groups as physicians
Summary
Ethical Issues Confronting Muslim Patients in Perioperative and Critical Care Environments: A Survey of Islamic Jurisprudence
Key points
Introduction
Basics of Islam
Fundamentals of Islamic jurisprudence
Fasting (sawm)
Cleanliness and prayer: stoma and urinary catheters
Transfusion
Transplantation
Xenotransplantation and medications derived from animals considered unclean
Do-not-resuscitate status
Burial and postmortem examination
Summary
Gender Differences in Postoperative Outcomes After Cardiac Surgery
Key points
Introduction
History
Gender differences in cardiac surgery
Gender differences in postoperative outcomes after coronary artery bypass graft surgery
Gender differences in postoperative outcomes after valve replacement surgery
Gender differences in postoperative outcomes after left ventricular assist devices
Gender differences in postoperative outcomes after heart transplant
Postoperative rehabilitation and quality of life
Summary
Role of Gender and Race in Patient-Reported Outcomes and Satisfaction
Key points
Outcome domains and tools to reflect the multidimensionality of pain
Outcome measurement tools in acute pain studies
Measurement tools for patient satisfaction in postoperative pain research
Determinants of patient satisfaction
Role of socioeconomic status in patient outcomes and satisfaction
Role of ethnicity/racial identity
Role of gender
Summary
Effects of Gender and Race/Ethnicity on Perioperative Team Performance
Key points
Introduction
Diversity, power, and hierarchy
Team performance and the roles of communication problems and interpersonal conflict
Focus on theory: how diversity negatively affects communication and conflict
Effects of gender and racial/ethnic diversity in teams: communication and conflict in the perioperative environment
Maximizing the potential benefits of diversity in perioperative teams
Future directions
Summary
Women and Underrepresented Minorities in Academic Anesthesiology
Key points
Introduction
Summary