Gabbe's Obstetrics: Normal and Problem Pregnancies

Normal and Problem Pregnancies

8th Edition - February 17, 2020
Authors: Mark B. Landon, Henry L. Galan, Eric R. M. Jauniaux, Deborah A. Driscoll, Vincenzo Berghella, William A. Grobman, Sarah J. Kilpatrick, Alison G. Cahill
Language: English
Hardback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 6 0 8 7 0 - 1
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 6 1 3 4 0 - 8

Highly readable, well-illustrated, and easy to understand, Gabbe’s Obstetrics: Normal and Problem Pregnancies is an ideal day-to-day reference or study tool for residents and… Read more

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Highly readable, well-illustrated, and easy to understand, Gabbe’s Obstetrics: Normal and Problem Pregnancies is an ideal day-to-day reference or study tool for residents and clinicians. This 8th Edition of this bestselling text offers fast access to evidence-based, comprehensive information, now fully revised with substantial content updates, new and improved illustrations, and a new, international editorial team that continues the tradition of excellence established by Dr. Steven Gabbe.

Cover image
Title Page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Contributors
Preface
Video Contents
Section I Physiology
1 Placental Anatomy and Physiology
Abstract
Placental Anatomy
Placental Histology
Placental Physiology
Summary
Key Points
References
2 Fetal Development, Physiology, and Effects on Long-Term Health
Abstract
Fetal Metabolism and Growth
Fetal Cardiovascular System
Amniotic Fluid Volume
Fetal Kidney
Fetal Gastrointestinal System
Fetal Adrenal and Thyroid Glands
Fetal Central Nervous System
Fetal Programming of Adult Health and Disease
Organ-Specific Programming
Mechanisms of Programmed Obesity: Appetite and Adiposity
Maternal Stress, Anxiety, and Programming
Glucocorticoids, Prematurity, and Programming
Summary
Key Points
References
3 Maternal Physiology
Abstract
Gestational Weight Gain
Cardiovascular System
Hematologic Changes
Respiratory System
Urinary System
Body Water Metabolism
Alimentary Tract
Endocrine Changes
Pancreas and Fuel Metabolism
Skeleton
Skin
Central Nervous System
Eyes
Breasts
Lower Reproductive Tract
Microbiome
Summary
Key Points
References
Bibliography
4 Maternal-Fetal Immunology
Abstract
Immune System Overview: Innate and Adaptive Immunity
Innate Immunity: First Line of Host Defense
Adaptive Immunity
T Cells
Fetal Immune System
Maternal Tolerance of the Fetus
Immune Response to Perinatal Infections
Solid Organ Transplantation in Pregnancy
Amelioration of Rheumatoid Arthritis in Pregnancy
Summary
Key Points
References
Bibliography
Section II Prenatal Care
5 Preconception and Prenatal Care
Abstract
Prenatal Care: Changing the Paradigm to Include the Life-Course Perspective
Preconception Health Counseling
Prenatal Care
Postpartum Care
Coming Full Circle: Components of Interconception Care and Well-Woman Visits
Key Points
References
Bibliography
6 Nutrition During Pregnancy
Abstract
Introduction
Integrating Nutrition Into the Obstetric History
Maternal Weight Gain Recommendations
Maternal Weight Gain Recommendations for Special Populations
Maternal Nutrient Needs: Current Recommendations
Vitamin and Mineral Supplementation Guidelines
Nutrition-Related Problems During Pregnancy
Special Nutritional Considerations During Pregnancy
Key Points
References
7 Drugs and Environmental Agents in Pregnancy and Lactation
Overview
Basic Principles of Teratology
Epidemiologic Studies Evaluating the Fetal Risk of Drugs and Environmental Agents
Pharmacokinetics of Drugs Across the Placenta and Breast Tissues
Prescription Drugs, Over-the-Counter Products, and Herbal Supplements
Drugs of Abuse
Drugs in Breast Milk
Occupational and Environmental Hazards
Obstetrician's Role in Patient Assessment and Education
Key Points
References
Bibliography
8 Substance Use Disorder in Pregnancy
Abstract
Epidemiology and Scope of the Problem
Addiction and the Chronic Disease Model
Neurobiology of Addiction
Screening, Brief Intervention, Referral to Treatment: SBIRT
Management of Pregnancies Affected by Substance Use Disorder
Key Points
References
9 Obstetric Ultrasound
Abstract
Overview
Biophysics of Ultrasound
What Makes a Good Ultrasound Study?
Special Ultrasound Modalities
First-Trimester Ultrasound
Second- and Third-Trimester Ultrasound
Components of the Examination
Ultrasound Biometry
Safety of Ultrasound
Ultrasound Diagnosis of Malformations
Fetal MRI to Supplement Ultrasound
Clinical Value of Prenatal Diagnosis of Birth Defects
Key Points
References
10 Genetic Screening and Diagnosis
Abstract
Genetic History
Genetic Counseling
Chromosome Abnormalities
Single-Gene or Mendelian Disorders
Multifactorial and Polygenic Disorders
Indications for Prenatal Genetic Testing
Procedures for Prenatal Genetic Diagnosis
Preimplantation Genetic Testing
Intact Fetal Cells
Key Points
References
Section III Intrapartum Care
11 Normal Labor and Delivery
Abstract
Overview
Labor: Definition and Physiology
Mechanics of Labor
Cardinal Movements in Labor
Normal Progress of Labor
Spontaneous Vaginal Delivery
Third Stage of Labor
Episiotomy and Perineal Injury Repair
Ultrasound in Labor and Delivery
Key Points
References
12 Induction of Labor
Abstract
Induction of Labor: Definition/Epidemiology
Indications/Contraindications
Prediction of Labor Induction Success/Failure
Cervical Ripening and Induction Methods
Alternative Induction Methods
Failed Induction of Labor
Other
Key Points
References
13 Operative Vaginal Delivery
Abstract
Operative Vaginal Delivery
Operative Vaginal Delivery Instruments
Operative Vaginal Delivery Techniques
Benefits and Risks of Operative Vaginal Delivery
Counseling
Simulation Training for Operative Vaginal Delivery
Key Points
References
14 Shoulder Dystocia
Abstract
Defining Shoulder Dystocia
Risk Factors and Associations
Prophylactic Cesarean Delivery
Maternal and Neonatal Complications of Shoulder Dystocia
Shoulder Dystocia Management
Simulation Training for Shoulder Dystocia
Mechanisms of Fetal Injury
Key Points
References
15 Intrapartum Fetal Evaluation
Abstract
Background
Fetal Heart Rate Monitoring
Electronic Fetal Monitoring Technology
Nomenclature
Uterine Activity
Other Nomenclature
Intermittent Monitoring
Electronic Fetal Monitoring Patterns Associated With Acidemia and Clinical Outcomes
Newer Considerations
Periodic Change
Clinical Factors Affecting Electronic Fetal Monitoring Patterns and Interpretation
Additional Technologies
Diagnosis and Interventions
Trial of Labor After Cesarean Considerations
Consideration for Fetal Abnormalities
Umbilical Cord Gas Analysis
Considerations for Electronic Fetal Monitoring: Review
Minimizing Errors
Summary
Key Points
References
16 Obstetric Anesthesia
Abstract
Personnel
Pain Pathways
Effects of Pain and Stress
Analgesia for Labor
Anesthesia for Instrumented Vaginal Delivery or Perineal Repair
Anesthesia for Cesarean Delivery
Key Points
References
17 Malpresentations and Malposition
Abstract
Clinical Circumstances Associated With Malpresentation
Abnormal Axial Lie
Management of a Singleton Gestation
Deflection Attitudes
Face Presentation
Brow Presentation
Compound Presentation
Breech Presentation
Term Breech Trial
Abnormalities of Position; Occiput Posterior and Occiput Transverse
Key Points
References
18 Antepartum and Postpartum Hemorrhage
Abstract
Pregnancy-Related Hemodynamic Changes
Maternal Adaptation to Hemorrhage
Classification of Hemorrhage
Antepartum Hemorrhage
Postpartum Hemorrhage
Key Points
References
19 Cesarean Delivery
Abstract
Definitions
History of Cesarean Delivery
Incidence
Indications for Cesarean Delivery
Technique of Cesarean Delivery
Immediate Postcesarean Care
Complications of Cesarean Delivery
Tubal Sterilization
Key Points
References
20 Vaginal Birth After Cesarean Delivery
Abstract
Vaginal Birth After Cesarean Delivery
Risks Associated With a Trial of Labor After Cesarean
Key Points
References
21 Placenta Accreta Spectrum
Abstract
Pathogenesis
Epidemiology
Diagnosis
Management
Summary
Key Points
References
22 Patient Safety and Quality Measurement in Obstetric Care
Abstract
Patient Safety
Frequency of Preventable Obstetric Adverse Events
Factors That Contribute to Preventable Adverse Events
Approaches to Improve Obstetric Safety
Measurement of Obstetric Quality of Care
Key Points
References
Section IV Postpartum Care
23 The Neonate
Abstract
Cardiopulmonary Transition
Abnormalities of Cardiopulmonary Transition
Birth Injuries
Neonatal Thermal Regulation
Clinical Applications
Neonatal Nutrition and Gastroenterology
Neonatal Hematology
Perinatal Infection
Respiratory Distress
Neonatal Neurology
Classification of Newborns by Growth and Gestational Age
Nursery Care
Outcome of Neonatal Intensive Care and Threshold of Viability
Late Preterm Infant
Key Points
References
Bibliography
24 Postpartum Care and Long-Term Health Considerations
Abstract
Overview
Postpartum Involution
Health Maintenance
Pregnancy Prevention and Birth Control
Postpartum Psychologic Reactions
Managing Perinatal Grieving
Postpartum Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Key Points
References
Bibliography
25 Lactation and Breastfeeding
Abstract
Epidemiology
Breast Anatomy and Development
Physiology of Lactation
Breast Milk: the Gold Standard
Breastfeeding: Better Maternal and Child Outcomes
Role of the Obstetrician and Gynecologist
Focused Issues in the Successful Management of Breastfeeding
Anatomic Abnormalities of the Breast
Labor and Delivery Management
Maternal Nutrition and Exercise During Lactation
Breast and Nipple Pain
Mastitis and Breast Abscess
Milk Transfer and Infant Growth
Galactogogues: Drugs to Improve Milk Production
Maternal Disease
Breast Masses During Lactation
Back-to-Work Issues
Conclusions
Key Points
References
26 Pregnancy as a Window to Future Maternal and Child Health
Abstract
Pregnancy as a Stress Test
Pregnancy-Related Conditions Associated With Later Chronic Disease
Management in the Postpartum Period and Beyond
Summary
Key Points
References
Section V Complicated Pregnancy
27 Antepartum Fetal Evaluation
Abstract
Defining the Problem of Perinatal Mortality
Select Antenatal Conditions That May Contribute to Increased Risk of Fetal Death
Potential Utility of Antepartum Fetal Testing
What Do These Tests Tell US About the Fetus?
Biophysical Techniques of Fetal Evaluation
Clinical Application of Tests of Fetal Well-Being
Assessment of Fetal Pulmonary Maturation
Summary
Key Points
References
Bibliography
28 Amniotic Fluid Disorders
Abstract
Amniotic Fluid Volume
Amniotic Fluid Formation
Amniotic Fluid Removal
Oligohydramnios
Polyhydramnios
Key Points
References
Bibliography
29 Late- and Postterm Pregnancy
Abstract
Definition
Incidence
Etiology
Diagnosis
Perinatal Morbidity and Mortality
Maternal Complications
Management
Long-Term Neonatal Outcomes
Multiple Gestation
Key Points
References
30 Fetal Growth Restriction
Abstract
Regulation of Fetal Growth
Definition and Patterns of Fetal Growth Restriction
Etiologies of Intrauterine Growth Restriction
Maternal and Fetal Manifestations of Fetal Growth Restriction
Diagnostic Tools in Fetal Growth Restriction
Screening and Prevention of Fetal Growth Restriction
Management in Clinical Practice
Assessment of Fetal Well-Being
Timing of Delivery
Delivery
Outcome
Key Points
References
Bibliography
31 Surgery During Pregnancy
Abstract
Maternal Physiology
Diagnostic Imaging
Anesthesia During Nonobstetric Surgery
Nonobstetric Surgery and Pregnancy Outcome
Fetal Monitoring
Laparoscopy in Pregnancy
Adnexal Masses in Pregnancy
Obesity, Bariatric Surgery, and Pregnancy
Cardiac Surgery in Pregnancy
Neurosurgery in Pregnancy
Key Points
References
32 Trauma and Related Surgery in Pregnancy
Abstract
Incidence of Trauma in Pregnancy
Anatomic and Physiologic Changes of Pregnancy
Blunt Trauma
Specific Injuries
Pathophysiology of Fetal Loss Resulting From Maternal Trauma
Predictors of Fetal Mortality
Management Considerations
Diagnostic Imaging
Exploratory Surgery for Traumatic Injuries During Pregnancy
Other Considerations
Key Points
References
33 Pregnancy Loss
Abstract
Frequency and Timing of Pregnancy Loss
Placental Anatomic Characteristics of Successful and Unsuccessful Pregnancies
Numerical Chromosomal Abnormalities
Chromosomal Rearrangements
Mendelian and Polygenic/Multifactorial Etiology
Luteal Phase Defects
Thyroid Function Abnormalities
Diabetes Mellitus
Intrauterine Adhesions (Synechiae)
Müllerian Fusion Defects
Leiomyomas
Infections
Thrombophilias
Other Causes of Early Pregnancy Losses
Management of Recurrent Early Pregnancy Loss
Late Pregnancy Loss
Obstetric Outcome After Early Pregnancy Complications
Key Points
References
34 Stillbirth
Risk Factors
Classification of Stillbirth
Etiology
Intrapartum Stillbirth
Evaluation of Stillbirth
Delivery of the Stillbirth
Bereavement and Psychosocial Issues
Management of Subsequent Pregnancy
Prevention
Key Points
References
35 Cervical Insufficiency
Abstract
Cervical Insufficiency: a Distinct Entity or Evidence of Preterm Parturition?
Short Cervix
Risk Factors for Cervical Insufficiency
Tests for Cervical Insufficiency
Clinical Diagnosis of Cervical Insufficiency
Sonographic Diagnosis of Cervical Insufficiency
Diagnosis of Cervical Insufficiency on Physical Examination
Treatment: Vaginal Cerclage
Cerclage Effectiveness Based on Evidence
Alternative Treatments to Cervical Cerclage
Comparative Trials of Treatment of Cervical Insufficiency
The Case for Multiple Therapies for Cervical Insufficiency
Summary
Key Points
References
Bibliography
36 Preterm Labor and Birth
Abstract
Definitions
Frequency of Preterm and Low-Birthweight Delivery
Perinatal Mortality
Epidemiology of Preterm Birth
Clinical Risk Factors for Spontaneous Preterm Birth
Pathophysiology of Spontaneous Preterm Birth
Clinical Care for Women in Preterm Labor
Diagnosis of Preterm Labor
Treatment for Women in Preterm Labor
Conduct of Labor and Delivery for the Preterm Infant
Prevention of Preterm Birth
Summary
Key Points
References
Bibliography
37 Premature Rupture of the Membranes
Abstract
Fetal Membrane Anatomy and Physiology
Etiology of Premature Rupture of the Membranes
Prediction and Prevention of Preterm Premature Rupture of the Membranes
Clinical Course After Premature Rupture of the Membranes
Risks of Premature Rupture of the Membranes
Diagnosis of Premature Rupture of the Membranes
Management of Premature Rupture of the Membranes
Special Circumstances Impacting the Management of Preterm Premature Rupture of the Membranes
Summary
Key Points
References
38 Preeclampsia and Hypertensive Disorders
Definitions
Preeclampsia
Eclampsia
Chronic Hypertension
Hypertensive Emergencies in Chronic Hypertension
Key Points
References
Bibliography
39 Multiple Gestations
Abstract
Zygosity and Chorionicity
Distribution and Causes of Dizygotic Versus Monozygotic Twinning
Diagnosis of Multiple Gestations
Maternal and Fetal Risks of Multiple Gestation
Issues and Complications Unique to Multiple Gestations
Selective Intrauterine Growth Restriction in Monochorionic Twin Pregnancies
Twin Anemia-Polycythemia Sequence
Monoamniotic Twins
Triplet Pregnancy: Impact of Chorionicity
Effect of Obstetric History of Risk of Twin Spontaneous Preterm Birth
Antepartum Management of Multifetal Pregnancy
Timing of Delivery in Multiple Gestations
Mode of Delivery in Multiple Gestations
Intrapartum Management of Twin Vaginal Delivery
Conclusions
Key Points
References
40 Red Cell Alloimmunization
Abstract
Historic Perspectives
Incidence
Pathophysiology
Rhesus Alloimmunization and Fetal/Neonatal Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn
Prevention of RhD Hemolytic Disease in the Fetus and Newborn
Clinical Management
Intrauterine Transfusion
Other Treatment Modalities
Future Therapeutic Options
Hemolytic Disease of the Fetus and Newborn Due to Non-RhD Antibodies
Key Points
References
41 Maternal Mortality
Abstract
Maternal Health and the Burden of Death and Disability
Access to Sexual and Reproductive Health
Improving Maternal and Reproductive Health for All WOMEN in Future
Life-Threatening Obstetric Complications
Key Points
References
Section VI Pregnancy and Coexisting Disease
42 Heart Disease in Pregnancy
Maternal Hemodynamics
Blood Volume
Diagnosis and Evaluation of Heart Disease
General Care
Risk Scoring Strategies
Valvular Disease
Congenital Heart Disease
Summary
Cardiomyopathy
Myocardial Infarction
Marfan Syndrome
Pulmonary Hypertension
Other Conditions
Critical Care: Hemodynamic Monitoring and Management
Key Points
References
Bibliography
43 Respiratory Disease in Pregnancy
Abstract
Pneumonia in Pregnancy
Bacterial Pneumonia
Viral Pneumonias
Pneumocystis Jirovecii Pneumonia
Tuberculosis in Pregnancy
Asthma in Pregnancy
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Restrictive Lung Disease
Cystic Fibrosis
Key Points
References
44 Renal Disease in Pregnancy
Abstract
Renal System in Normal Pregnancy
Asymptomatic Bacteriuria and Acute Urinary Tract Infection
Pyelonephritis
Kidney Stones
Acute Kidney Injury
Proteinuria
Chronic Kidney Disease
Key Points
References
45 Diabetes Mellitus Complicating Pregnancy
Abstract
Pathophysiology
Diabetes Mellitus
Perinatal Morbidity and Mortality
Maternal Classification and Risk Assessment
Early Screening for Overt Diabetes and Detection of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Treatment of the Patient With Type 1 or Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Antepartum Fetal Evaluation
Timing and Mode of Delivery
Glucoregulation During Labor and Delivery
Management of the Woman With Gestational Diabetes
Postpartum Follow-Up of Women With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Prepregnancy Counseling of Women With Preexisting Diabetes Mellitus
Contraception
Key Points
References
Bibliography
46 Obesity in Pregnancy
Abstract
Defining Obesity
Epidemiology
Prenatal Care
Management of the Obese Gravida
Intrapartum Management
Postpartum Management
Interpregnancy Care
Key Points
References
47 Thyroid and Parathyroid Diseases in Pregnancy
Abstract
Parathyroid Diseases
Thyroid Diseases
Key Points
References
Bibliography
48 Pituitary and Adrenal Disorders in Pregnancy
Abstract
Anterior Pituitary
Posterior Pituitary
Adrenals
Key Points
References
49 Hematologic Complications of Pregnancy
Abstract
Pregnancy-Associated Thrombocytopenia
Evaluation of Thrombocytopenia During Pregnancy and the Puerperium
Therapy of Thrombocytopenia During Pregnancy
Management of Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura and Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome
Fetal/Neonatal Alloimmune Thrombocytopenia
Iron Deficiency Anemia
Megaloblastic Anemia
Hemoglobinopathies
von Willebrand Disease
Key Points
References
Bibliography
50 Thromboembolic Disorders in Pregnancy
Abstract
Background and Historic Notes
Diagnoses and Definitions
Epidemiology and Incidence
Genetics
Physiology of Hemostasis
Pathophysiology of Thrombosis in Pregnancy
Key Points
References
51 Collagen Vascular Diseases in Pregnancy
Abstract
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Antiphospholipid Syndrome
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Systemic Sclerosis
Sjögren Syndrome
Key Points
References
52 Hepatic Disorders During Pregnancy
Abstract
Physiologic Effects of Pregnancy and Assessment of Liver Disease
Differential Diagnosis of Hepatobiliary Symptoms and Conditions During Pregnancy
Abdominal Imaging During Pregnancy
Therapeutic Endoscopy During Pregnancy
Liver Biopsy
Common Liver Diseases Incidental to Pregnancy
Liver Masses in Pregnancy
Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Hepatic Metastases
Budd-Chiari Syndrome
Cirrhosis and Portal Hypertension
Acute Intermittent Porphyria
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Alcoholic Liver Disease
Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy
Acute Fatty Liver of Pregnancy
Cholestatic Liver Diseases
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis
Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
Pregnancy After Liver Transplantation
Pancreatobiliary Disease
Cholelithiasis and Cholecystitis
Choledocholithiasis
Acute Pancreatitis
Choledochal Cysts
Summary
Key Points
References
53 Gastrointestinal Diseases in Pregnancy
Abstract
Physiologic Changes During Pregnancy
Diagnostic Considerations During Pregnancy
Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders During Pregnancy
Lower Gastrointestinal Disorders During Pregnancy
Nutritional Support During Pregnancy
Differential Diagnosis of Nonobstetric Conditions for Common Gastrointestinal Complaints
Key Points
References
54 Neurologic Disorders in Pregnancy
Abstract
Epilepsy
Multiple Sclerosis
Headache
Stroke
Key Points
References
Bibliography
55 Malignant Diseases and Pregnancy
Abstract
Surgery and Anesthesia
Radiation Therapy
Chemotherapy During Pregnancy
Cancer During Pregnancy
Fetal-Placental Metastasis
Pregnancy Following Cancer Treatment
Gestational Trophoblastic Disease and Pregnancy-Related Issues
Key Points
References
56 Skin Disease and Pregnancy
Abstract
Physiologic Skin Changes Induced by Pregnancy
Preexisting Skin Diseases and Tumors Affected by Pregnancy
Pruritus in Pregnancy
Specific Dermatoses of Pregnancy
Key Points
References
57 Maternal and Perinatal Infection in Pregnancy
Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Influenza
Parvovirus
Measles
Rubella
Cytomegalovirus Infection
Herpesvirus
Varicella
Hepatitis
Hepatitis A
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis C
Hepatitis D
Hepatitis E
Coxsackie Virus
Human Papillomavirus
Epstein-Barr Virus
Smallpox
Zika Virus
Ebola
Key Points
References
Bibliography
58 Maternal and Perinatal Infection in Pregnancy
Abstract
Bacterial Infections
Chlamydial Infection
Group B Streptococcal Infection
Urinary Tract Infections
Upper Genital Tract Infections
Other Important Infections
Key Points
References
59 Mental Health and Behavioral Disorders in Pregnancy
Abstract
Mood Disorders
Anxiety Disorders
Eating Disorders
Schizophrenia
Key Points
References
Bibliography
Online Resources
Appendices
Appendix I Normal Values in Pregnancy and Ultrasound Measurements
Appendix II Anatomy of the Pelvis
Key Points
Suggested Readings
Appendix III Glossary of Key Abbreviations
Index

Mark B. Landon

Affiliations and expertise

Chair, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, The Ohio State University, College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio

Henry L. Galan

Affiliations and expertise

Professor, Chief of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aurora, Colorado

Eric R. M. Jauniaux

Affiliations and expertise

Professor/Honorary Consultant, Academic Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University College London, Royal Free Campus, London, United Kingdom

Deborah A. Driscoll

Affiliations and expertise

Professor and Chair, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Vincenzo Berghella

Dr. Vincenzo Berghella, Professor and Director, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine and Fellowship Program at Thomas Jefferson University. He has over 25 years of experience, won many awards, belongs to several international and local societies. He is the Editor-in-Chief, American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology-MFM, is associate editor on several journals and serves as an editorial board member of many other journals. He has published over 300+ publications, is a prolific speaker, and has been interviewed ~50 times in alternative media sources, magazines, and news stations such as CBS and NBC news

Affiliations and expertise

Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Ob/Gyn, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

William A. Grobman

Affiliations and expertise

Vice Chair, Clinical Operations, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio

Sarah J. Kilpatrick

Affiliations and expertise

Professor & The Helping Hand of Los Angeles Endowed Chair, Chair Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Associate Dean for Faculty Development, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA

Alison G. Cahill

Affiliations and expertise

Professor, Department of Women’s Health, Director, Health Transformation Research Institute, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX