Fusion Research
Principles
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Fusion Research, Volume I: Principles provides a general description of the methods and problems of fusion research. The book contains three main parts: Principles, Experiments, and Technology. The Principles part describes the conditions necessary for a fusion reaction, as well as the fundamentals of plasma confinement, heating, and diagnostics. The Experiments part details about forty plasma confinement schemes and experiments. The last part explores various engineering problems associated with reactor design, vacuum and magnet systems, materials, plasma purity, fueling, blankets, neutronics, environment, and fusion-fission hybrids. The book will be of value to those entering the field and to those already engaged in fusion research.
Table of Contents
Volume I: Principles includes chapters 1-10
Volume II: Experiments includes chapters 11-17
Volume III: Technology includes chapters 18-30
Preface
Acknowledgments
Principles
1. Energy Sources
1A. Forms of Energy
1B. Energy Demand
1C. Energy Sources
1D. Solar Energy
1E. Fusion Reactions
1F. Fusion Reactors
1G. Summary
Problems
Bibliography
2. Nuclear Reactions and Coulomb Collisions
2A. Distribution Functions and Averages
2B. Cross Sections and Reaction Rates
2C. Nuclear Fusion Reaction Rates
2D. Power Density and Pressure
2E. Coulomb Collisions
Problems
Bibliography
3. Atomic Collisions and Radiation
3A. Types of Collisions
3B. Scattering and Momentum Transfer
3C. Molecular Collisions
3D. Atomic Collision Phenomena
3E. Equilibrium Degree of Ionization
3F. Radiation Losses
Problems
Bibliography
4. Fusion Reactor Power Balance
4A. Conservation Equations
4B. Equilibrium and Ignition
4C. Energy Cycle
4D. Required Values of nτE
4E. Mirror Reactors
4F. Beam-driven Toroidal Reactors
4G. Non-uniform and Time-varying Plasmas
4H. Comparison of Reactor Types
summary
Problems
Bibliography
5. Plasma Fundamentals
5A. Introduction
5B. Electromagnetic Fields and Forces
5C. Kinetic Theory
5D. Fluid Equations
5E. Plasma Waves
5F. Debye Shielding and Plasma Sheaths
5G. Quasineutrality
5H. Computer Methods
Problems
Bibliography
6. Gas Discharges and Breakdown
6A. Background
6B. Townsend Discharges
6C. Simplified Breakdown Condition
6D. Other Phenomena Influencing Breakdown
6E. Glow and Arc Discharges
6F. Space Charge Limitation of Current
Problems
Bibliography
7. Charged Particle Trajectories
7A. Guiding Center Approximation
7B. Diamagnetism
7C. Drift Velocities
7D. Adiabatic Invariants and Magnetic Mirrors
7E. Particle Orbits in Tokamaks
summary
Problems
Bibliography
8. Plasma Confinement
8A. Introduction
8B. Magnetic Confinement
8C. Axisymmetric Toroidal Equilibrium
8D. MHD Instabilities
8E. Microinstabilities
8F. Transport
8G. Confinement Times
Problems
Bibliography
9. Plasma Heating
9A. Methods
9B. Ohmic Heating
9C. Compression
9D. Charged Particle Injection
9E. Neutral Beam Injection
9F. Wave Heating
Problems
Bibliography
10. Plasma Diagnostics
10A. Introduction
10B. Electrical Probes
10C. Magnetic Flux Measurements
10D. Passive Particle Diagnostics
10E. Active Particle Diagnostics
10F. Passive Wave Diagnostics
10G. Active Wave Diagnostics
10H. TFTR Diagnostics
10J. Summary
Problems
Bibliography
Experiments
11. Mirrors and Cusps
11A. Coil Geometries
11B. Mirror Loss Boundaries
11C. Instabilities
11D. 2X11B Experiment
11E. Tandem Mirrors
11F. Field Reversed Mirrors
11G. Multiple Mirrors
11H. Rotating Plasmas
11J. Cusps
Bibliography
12. Pinches and Compact Toroids
12A. Types of Pinches
12B. Field-Reversed Theta Pinch
12C. Spheromak
12D. Reversed Field Pinch (RFP)
12E. Pitch-Reversed Helical Pinch
12F. Topolotron
Bibliography
13. Tokamaks
13A. MHD Stability
13B. Transport
13C. Heating
13D. Current Drive
13E. Runaway Electrons
13F. Scaling
Bibliography
14. Other Toroidal Devices
14A. Stellarators and Torsatrons
14B. Internal Rings
14C. Electron and Ion Rings
14D. Elmo Bumpy Torus (EBT)
14E. Electric Field Bumpy Torus
Bibliography
15. Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF)
15A. Introduction
15B. Energy Gain
15C. Laser-Plasma Interactions
15D. Compression
15E. Targets
15F. Diagnostics
Bibliography
16. ICF Drivers and Chambers
16A. Glass Lasers
16B. CO2 Lasers
16C. Rare Gas Halide Lasers
16D. Other Lasers
16E. Electron Beams
16F. Light Ion Beams
16G. Heavy Ion Beams
16H. Chambers
Bibliography
17. Other Fusion Concepts
17A. Radiofrequency Confinement
17B. Radiofrequency Plugging
17C. Electrostatic Confinement
17D. Electrostatic Plugging
17E. Wall Confinement
17F. Imploding Liner
17G. Colliding-beam Mirror
17H. Hypervelocity Impact
Bibliography
Technology
18. Fusion Engineering Problems
18A. Problem Areas
18B. Maintenance
18C. A Tokamak Reactor Design
18D. A Mirror Reactor Design
Bibliography
19. Vacuum Systems
19A. Background
19B. Viscous and Molecular Flow
19C. Pumps
19D. Pressure Gages
19E. Chambers and Components
19F. Techniques
Problems
Bibliography
20. Water-cooled Magnets
20A. Background
20B. Magnetic Field Calculations
20C. Coil Forces
20D. Power and Cooling Water Requirements
20E. Coil Windings
Problems
Bibliography
21. Pulsed Magnet Systems
21A. Introduction
21B. RLC Circuit Equations
21C. Distribution of →J and →B
21D. Energy Storage Systems
21E. Switching and Transmission
21F. Magnetic Flux Compression
21G. Component Reliability
Problems
Bibliography
22. Superconducting Magnets
22A. Superconductivity
22B. Superconductors
22C. Stabilization
22D. Coil Protection
22E. Coil Design Considerations
22F. Large Coils
22G. Superconducting Magnetic
Energy Storage
Problems
Bibliography
23. Cryogenics
23A. Introduction
23B. Properties of Materials at Low Temperatures
23C. Refrigeration and Liquefaction
23D. Insulation
23E. Cryostat Design
23F. Cryogenic Systems
Problems
Bibliography
24. Materials Problems
24A. Introduction
24B. Damage Analysis and Fundamental Studies
24C. Analysis and Evaluation
24D. Mechanical Behavior
24E. In-Reactor Deformation
24F. Hydrogen Recycling
24G. Impurity Introduction
24H. Near-Surface Wall Modifications
24J. Special Purpose Materials
Problems
Bibliography
25. Plasma Purity and Fueling
25A. Impurities
25B. Divertors
25C. Neutral Gas Blankets
25D. Other Impurity Control Techniques
25E. Fueling
Problems
Bibliography
26. Blankets
26A. Introduction
26B. Blanket Materials
26C. Heat Transfer Processes
26D. Coolant Tube Stresses
26E. Coolant Flow Rate and Pumping Power
26F. Blanket Designs
26G. Direct Energy Conversion
26H. Fuel Production
Problems
Bibliography
27. Neutronics
27A. Introduction
27B. Transport Theory
27C. The Monte Carlo Method
27D. Blanket and Shield Designs
Problems
Bibliography
28. Environment and Economics
28A. Introduction
28B. Tritium
28C. Other Radioisotopes
28D. Hazards and Materials Shortages
28E. Economics
Problems
Bibliography
29. Fusion-Fission Hybrids
29A. Need
29B. Blanket Design
29C. Tokamak Hybrids
29D. Mirror Hybrids
29E. Catalyzed DD Hybrids
Bibliography
30. The Future
30A. Experimental Progress
30B. Remarks
Appendices
Appendix A. SI units
Appendix B. Fundamental Constants
Appendix C. Integrals
Appendix D. Important Plasma Equations
Appendix E. Error Function
Appendix F. Vector Relations
Appendix G. Table of Symbols
Appendix H. Abbreviations
Appendix I. Answers to Problems
Name Index
Subject Index
About the Author
Product details
- No. of pages: 348
- Language: English
- Copyright: © Pergamon 1982
- Published: January 1, 1982
- Imprint: Pergamon
- eBook ISBN: 9781483152998
About the Author
Thomas James Dolan
Professor Dolan has worked on nuclear technology and international relations issues for three universities, five national laboratories and in nine countries, including in his position as Physics Section Head for the International Atomic Energy Agency in Vienna. Dolan’s primary research interests are concerned with molten salt fission reactors and nuclear fusion technology.
He developed three courses at the University of Missouri-Rolla on fusion research principles, fusion experiments, and fusion technology. As well as the numerous academic positions he has held, he also has experience working in industry (Phillips Petroleum Company) on fusion research and other nuclear topics. As Head of the Physics Section of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) he helped facilitate international cooperation in fusion research, including organization of the semi-annual IAEA Fusion Energy Conferences. Since then he has taught courses on fusion research at the University of Illinois, in China, and in India.
Affiliations and Expertise
Adjunct Professor, Nuclear, Plasma, and Radiological Engineering Department, University of Illinois, USA