Fundamental Neuroscience
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Fundamental Neuroscience, Third Edition introduces graduate and upper-level undergraduate students to the full range of contemporary neuroscience. Addressing instructor and student feedback on the previous edition, all of the chapters are rewritten to make this book more concise and student-friendly than ever before. Each chapter is once again heavily illustrated and provides clinical boxes describing experiments, disorders, and methodological approaches and concepts.Capturing the promise and excitement of this fast-moving field, Fundamental Neuroscience, 3rd Edition is the text that students will be able to reference throughout their neuroscience careers!
Key Features
- 30% new material including new chapters on Dendritic Development and Spine Morphogenesis, Chemical Senses, Cerebellum, Eye Movements, Circadian Timing, Sleep and Dreaming, and Consciousness
- Additional text boxes describing key experiments, disorders, methods, and concepts
- Multiple model system coverage beyond rats, mice, and monkeys
- Extensively expanded index for easier referencing
Readership
Graduate students in neuroscience, neuroanatomy and neurophysiology, and neurobiology, researchers in neuroscience primarily, but also in the related fields of psychology, cell biology, molecular biology, genetics and any other areas of science with cross over into neuroscience research
Table of Contents
- Preface to the Third Edition
About The Editors
Contributors
I: NEUROSCIENCE
1: Fundamentals of Neuroscience
A BRIEF HISTORY OF NEUROSCIENCE
THE TERMINOLOGY OF NERVOUS SYSTEMS IS HIERARCHICAL, DISTRIBUTED, DESCRIPTIVE, AND HISTORICALLY BASED
NEURONS AND GLIA ARE CELLULAR BUILDING BLOCKS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
THE OPERATIVE PROCESSES OF NERVOUS SYSTEMS ARE ALSO HIERARCHICAL
CELLULAR ORGANIZATION OF THE BRAIN
ORGANIZATION OF THIS TEXT
THIS BOOK IS INTENDED FOR A BROAD RANGE OF SCHOLARS OF THE NEUROSCIENCES
CLINICAL ISSUES IN THE NEUROSCIENCES
THE SPIRIT OF EXPLORATION CONTINUES
THE GENOMIC INVENTORY IS A GIANT STEP FORWARD
NEUROSCIENCE TODAY: A COMMUNAL ENDEAVOR
THE CREATION OF KNOWLEDGE
RESPONSIBLE CONDUCT
SUMMARY
2: Basic Plan of the Nervous System
INTRODUCTION
EVOLUTION HIGHLIGHTS: GENERAL ORGANIZING PRINCIPLES
DEVELOPMENT REVEALS BASIC VERTEBRATE PARTS
THE BASIC PLAN OF NERVOUS SYSTEM CONNECTIVITY
OVERVIEW OF THE ADULT MAMMALIAN NERVOUS SYSTEM
II: CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR NEUROSCIENCE
3: Cellular Components of Nervous Tissue
NEURONS
SPECIFIC EXAMPLES OF DIFFERENT NEURONAL TYPES
NEUROGLIA
CEREBRAL VASCULATURE
4: Subcellular Organization of the Nervous System: Organelles and Their Functions
AXONS AND DENDRITES: UNIQUE STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS OF NEURONS
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS IN NERVOUS TISSUE
CYTOSKELETONS OF NEURONS AND GLIAL CELLS
MOLECULAR MOTORS IN THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
BUILDING AND MAINTAINING NERVOUS SYSTEM CELLS
5: Electrotonic Properties of Axons and Dendrites
TOWARD A THEORY OF NEURONAL INFORMATION PROCESSING
BASIC TOOLS: CABLE THEORY AND COMPARTMENTAL MODELS
SPREAD OF STEADY-STATE SIGNALS
SPREAD OF TRANSIENT SIGNALS
ELECTROTONIC PROPERTIES UNDERLYING PROPAGATION IN AXONS
ELECTROTONIC SPREAD IN DENDRITES
DYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF PASSIVE ELECTROTONIC STRUCTURE
RELATING PASSIVE TO ACTIVE POTENTIALS
6: Membrane Potential and Action Potential
MEMBRANE POTENTIAL
ACTION POTENTIAL
7: Neurotransmitters
SEVERAL MODES OF NEURONAL COMMUNICATION EXIST
CHEMICAL TRANSMISSION
CLASSICAL NEUROTRANSMITTERS
NONCLASSICAL NEUROTRANSMITTERS
PEPTIDE TRANSMITTERS
UNCONVENTIONAL TRANSMITTERS
SYNAPTIC TRANSMISSION IN PERSPECTIVE
8: Release of Neurotransmitters
TRANSMITTER RELEASE IS QUANTAL
EXCITATION–SECRETION COUPLING
MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF THE NERVE TERMINAL
QUANTAL ANALYSIS: PROBING SYNAPTIC PHYSIOLOGY
SHORT-TERM SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY
9: Neurotransmitter Receptors
IONOTROPIC RECEPTORS
G-PROTEIN COUPLED RECEPTORS
10: Intracellular Signaling
SIGNALING THROUGH G-PROTEIN-LINKED RECEPTORS
MODULATION OF NEURONAL FUNCTION BY PROTEIN KINASES AND PHOSPHATASES
INTRACELLULAR SIGNALING AFFECTS NUCLEAR GENE EXPRESSION
11: Postsynaptic Potentials and Synaptic Integration
IONOTROPIC RECEPTORS: MEDIATORS OF FAST EXCITATORY AND INHIBITORY SYNAPTIC POTENTIALS
METABOTROPIC RECEPTORS: MEDIATORS OF SLOW SYNAPTIC POTENTIALS
INTEGRATION OF SYNAPTIC POTENTIALS
12: Complex Information Processing in Dendrites
STRATEGIES FOR STUDYING COMPLEX DENDRITES
BUILDING PRINCIPLES STEP BY STEP
AN AXON PLACES CONSTRAINTS ON DENDRITIC PROCESSING
DENDRODENDRITIC INTERACTIONS BETWEEN AXONAL CELLS
PASSIVE DENDRITIC TREES CAN PERFORM COMPLEX COMPUTATIONS
SEPARATION OF DENDRITIC FIELDS ENHANCES COMPLEX INFORMATION PROCESSING
DISTAL DENDRITES CAN BE CLOSELY LINKED TO AXONAL OUTPUT
DEPOLARIZING AND HYPERPOLARIZING DENDRITIC CONDUCTANCES INTERACT DYNAMICALLY
THE AXON HILLOCK-INITIAL SEGMENT ENCODES GLOBAL OUTPUT
MULTIPLE IMPULSE INITIATION SITES ARE UNDER DYNAMIC CONTROL
RETROGRADE IMPULSE SPREAD INTO DENDRITES CAN HAVE MANY FUNCTIONS
EXAMPLES OF HOW VOLTAGE-GATED CHANNELS ENHANCE DENDRITIC INFORMATION PROCESSING
DENDRITIC SPINES ARE MULTIFUNCTIONAL MICROINTEGRATIVE UNITS
SUMMARY: THE DENDRITIC TREE AS A COMPLEX INFORMATION PROCESSING SYSTEM
13: Brain Energy Metabolism
ENERGY METABOLISM OF THE BRAIN AS A WHOLE ORGAN
TIGHT COUPLING OF NEURONAL ACTIVITY, BLOOD FLOW, AND ENERGY METABOLISM
ENERGY-PRODUCING AND ENERGY-CONSUMING PROCESSES IN THE BRAIN
BRAIN ENERGY METABOLISM AT THE CELLULAR LEVEL
GLUTAMATE AND NITROGEN METABOLISM: A COORDINATED SHUTTLE BETWEEN ASTROCYTES AND NEURONS
THE ASTROCYTE-NEURON METABOLIC UNIT
III: NERVOUS SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT
14: Neural Induction and Pattern Formation
NEURAL INDUCTION
EARLY NEURAL PATTERNING
REGIONALIZATION OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
CONCLUSIONS
15: Cellular Determination
ORIGINS AND GENERATION OF NEURONAL PROGENITORS
SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL COORDINATES OF NEURONAL SPECIFICATION
THE PRONEURAL AND NEUROGENIC GENES
ASYMMETRIC CELL DIVISION AND CELL FATE
CENTRAL NEURONS AND GLIA
SENSORY NEURONS OF THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
THE RETINA: A COLLABORATION OF INTRINSIC AND EXTRINSIC CUES
COMBINATORIAL CODING IN MOTOR NEURONS DETERMINATION
CELLS OF THE CEREBRAL CORTEX
CONCLUSIONS
16: Neurogenesis and Migration
INTRODUCTION
DEVELOPMENT OF THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
CELL MIGRATION IN THE CNS
17: Growth Cones and Axon Pathfinding
GROWTH CONES ARE ACTIVELY GUIDED
GUIDANCE CUES FOR DEVELOPING AXONS
GUIDANCE CUES AND THE CONTROL OF CYTOSKELETAL DYNAMICS
GUIDANCE AT THE MIDLINE: CHANGING RESPONSES TO MULTIPLE CUES
18: Target Selection, Topographic Maps, and Synapse Formation
TARGET SELECTION
DEVELOPMENT OF THE NEUROMUSCULAR SYNAPSE
SYNAPSE FORMATION IN THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
19: Programmed Cell Death and Neurotrophic Factors
CELL DEATH AND THE NEUROTROPHIC HYPOTHESIS
THE ORIGINS OF PROGRAMMED CELL DEATH AND ITS WIDESPREAD OCCURRENCE IN THE DEVELOPING NERVOUS SYSTEM
FUNCTIONS OF NEURONAL PROGRAMMED CELL DEATH
MODES OF CELL DEATH IN DEVELOPING NEURONS
THE MODE OF NEURONAL CELL DEATH REFLECTS THE ACTIVATION OF DISTINCT BIOCHEMICAL AND MOLECULAR MECHANISMS
NERVE GROWTH FACTOR: THE PROTOTYPE TARGET-DERIVED NEURONAL SURVIVAL FACTOR
THE NEUROTROPHIN FAMILY
NEUROTROPHIN RECEPTORS
SECRETION AND AXONAL TRANSPORT OF NEUROTROPHINS AND PRO-NEUROTROPHINS
SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION THROUGH TRK RECEPTORS
CYTOKINES AND GROWTH FACTORS HAVE MULTIPLE ACTIVITIES
PROGRAMMED CELL DEATH IS REGULATED BY INTERACTIONS WITH TARGETS, AFFERENTS, AND NONNEURONAL CELLS
THE ROLE OF PROGRAMMED CELL DEATH IN NEUROPATHOLOGY
20: Synapse Elimination
OVERVIEW
THE PURPOSE OF SYNAPSE ELIMINATION
A STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF SYNAPSE ELIMINATION AT THE NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION
A ROLE FOR INTERAXONAL COMPETITION AND ACTIVITY
IS SYNAPSE ELIMINATION STRICTLY A DEVELOPMENTAL PHENOMENON?
SUMMARY
21: Dendritic Development
DYNAMICS OF DENDRITIC ARBOR DEVELOPMENT
GENETIC CONTROL OF DENDRITE DEVELOPMENT IN DROSOPHILA
EXTRACELLULAR REGULATION OF DENDRITIC DEVELOPMENT IN THE MAMMALIAN BRAIN
EFFECT OF EXPERIENCE ON DENDRITIC DEVELOPMENT
MECHANISMS THAT MEDIATE ACTIVITY-DEPENDENT DENDRITIC GROWTH
CONVERGENCE AND DIVERGENCE
CONCLUSION
22: Early Experience and Sensitive Periods
BIRDSONG: LEARNED BY EXPERIENCE
SOUND LOCALIZATION: CALIBRATED BY EARLY EXPERIENCE IN THE OWL
PRINCIPLES OF DEVELOPMENTAL LEARNING
IV: SENSORY SYSTEMS
23: Fundamentals of Sensory Systems
SENSATION AND PERCEPTION
RECEPTORS
PERIPHERAL ORGANIZATION AND PROCESSING
CENTRAL PATHWAYS AND PROCESSING
SENSORY CORTEX
SUMMARY
24: Chemical Senses: Taste and Olfaction
TASTE
OLFACTION
PHEROMONE DETECTION
25: Somatosensory System
PERIPHERAL MECHANISMS OF SOMATIC SENSATION
NOCICEPTION, THERMORECEPTION, AND ITCH
CNS COMPONENTS OF SOMATIC SENSATION
THALAMIC MECHANISMS OF SOMATIC SENSATION
THE PATH FROM NOCICEPTION TO PAIN
THE TRIGEMINAL SYSTEM (Fig. 25.16)
CORTICAL REPRESENTATION OF TOUCH
26: Audition
EXTERNAL AND MIDDLE EAR
THE COCHLEA
THE AUDITORY NERVE
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
27: Vision
OVERVIEW
THE EYE AND THE RETINA
P and M Pathways Have Different Response Properties
M Cells Are Highly Sensitive to Contrast
THE RETINOGENICULOCORTICAL PATHWAY
V: MOTOR SYSTEMS
28: Fundamentals of Motor Systems
BASIC COMPONENTS OF THE MOTOR SYSTEM
MOTOR PROGRAMS COORDINATE BASIC MOTOR PATTERNS
ROLES OF DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM IN THE CONTROL OF MOVEMENT
CONCLUSION
29: The Spinal and Peripheral Motor System
LOCOMOTION IS A CYCLE
CONNECTING THE SPINAL CORD TO THE PERIPHERY
SPINAL INTERNEURON NETWORKS
DESCENDING CONTROL OF SPINAL CIRCUITS
SENSORY MODULATION
30: Descending Control of Movement
THE MEDIAL POSTURAL SYSTEM
THE LATERAL VOLUNTARY SYSTEM
SUMMARY
31: The Basal Ganglia
BASAL GANGLIA ANATOMY
GPi Is the Primary Basal Ganglia Output for Limb Movements
SIGNALING IN BASAL GANGLIA
THE EFFECT OF BASAL GANGLIA DAMAGE ON MOVEMENT
FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF BASAL GANGLIA OPERATION FOR MOTOR CONTROL
BASAL GANGLIA PARTICIPATION IN NONMOTOR FUNCTIONS
32: Cerebellum
ANATOMY AND PHYLOGENETIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE CEREBELLUM
ASSESSING CEREBELLAR FUNCTION
A Cerebellar Role in Rehabilitation? Functional Recovery through Relearning after Damage of Other Parts of the Nervous System
33: Eye Movements
EYE MOVEMENTS ARE USED TO STABILIZE GAZE OR TO SHIFT GAZE
THE MECHANICS OF MOVING THE EYES
THE FUNDAMENTAL CIRCUITS FOR STABILIZING GAZE
THE COMMANDS FOR SHIFTING GAZE ARE FORMED IN THE BRAIN STEM
GAZE SHIFTS ARE CONTROLLED BY THE MIDBRAIN AND FOREBRAIN
THE CONTROL OF GAZE SHIFTS INVOLVES HIGHER-ORDER PROCESSES
THE CONTROL OF EYE MOVEMENTS CHANGES OVER TIME
CONCLUSIONS
VI: REGULATORY SYSTEMS
34: The Hypothalamus: An Overview of Regulatory Systems
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
HYPOTHALAMIC CYTOARCHITECTURE
FUNCTIONAL ORGANIZATION OF THE HYPOTHALAMUS
EFFECTOR SYSTEMS OF THE HYPOTHALAMUS ARE HORMONAL AND SYNAPTIC
35: Central Control of Autonomic Functions: Organization of the Autonomic Nervous System
SYMPATHETIC DIVISION: ORGANIZED TO MOBILIZE THE BODY FOR ACTIVITY
PARASYMPATHETIC DIVISION: ORGANIZED FOR ENERGY CONSERVATION
THE ENTERIC DIVISION OF THE ANS: THE NERVE NET FOUND IN THE WALLS OF VISCERAL ORGANS
ANS PHARMACOLOGY: TRANSMITTER AND RECEPTOR CODING
AUTONOMIC COORDINATION OF HOMEOSTASIS
HIERARCHICALLY ORGANIZED ANS CIRCUITS IN THE CNS
PERSPECTIVE: FUTURE OF THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
SUMMARY AND GENERAL CONCLUSIONS
36: Neural Regulation of the Cardiovascular System
AN ANATOMICAL FRAMEWORK
A5 Cell Group
A1 Cell Group
ANATOMY AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF AUTONOMIC PATHWAYS
NETWORK GENERATORS
SHORT-TERM CONTROL MECHANISMS
REFLEX CONTROL OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
ARTERIAL BARORECEPTORS
PERIPHERAL ARTERIAL CHEMORECEPTORS
CARDIAC RECEPTORS
ABDOMINAL VISCERAL REFLEXES
37: Neural Control of Breathing
EARLY NEUROSCIENCE AND THE BRAIN STEM
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM AND BREATHING
WHERE ARE THE NEURONS GENERATING RESPIRATORY PATTERN?
DISCHARGE PATTERNS OF RESPIRATORY NEURONS
WHERE ARE THE NEURONS THAT GENERATE THE BREATHING RHYTHM?
SENSORY INPUTS AND ALTERED BREATHING
MECHANORECEPTORS IN THE LUNGS ADJUST BREATHING PATTERN AND INITIATE PROTECTIVE REFLEXES
MODULATION AND PLASTICITY OF RESPIRATORY MOTOR OUTPUT
SUPRAPONTINE STRUCTURES AND BREATHING
38: Food Intake and Metabolism
CALORIC HOMEOSTASIS
ROLE OF CALORIC HOMEOSTASIS IN CONTROL OF FOOD INTAKE
CENTRAL CONTROL OF FOOD INTAKE
NEUROPEPTIDES AND THE CONTROL OF FOOD INTAKE
39: Water Intake and Body Fluids
BODY FLUID PHYSIOLOGY
OSMOTIC HOMEOSTASIS
VOLUME HOMEOSTASIS
40: Neuroendocrine Systems
THE HYPOTHALAMUS IS A NEUROENDOCRINE ORGAN
HYPOTHALAMIC RELEASING/INHIBITING HORMONES AND THEIR TARGETS
THE HYPOTHALAMIC–ADENOHYPOPHYSIAL NEUROENDOCRINE SYSTEMS
THE HYPOTHALAMIC-NEUROHYPOPHYSIAL SYSTEMS
HORMONES AND THE BRAIN
41: Circadian Timekeeping
OVERVIEW OF THE MAMMALIAN CIRCADIAN TIMING SYSTEM
THE SUPRACHIASMATIC NUCLEI ARE THE SITE OF THE PRIMARY CIRCADIAN PACEMAKER IN MAMMALS
A HIERARCHY OF CELL-AUTONOMOUS CIRCADIAN OSCILLATORS
THE MOLECULAR BASIS FOR CIRCADIAN OSCILLATION IS A TRANSCRIPTIONAL FEEDBACK LOOP
CIRCADIAN PHOTORECEPTION
CIRCADIAN OUTPUT MECHANISMS
DIVERSITY OF OUTPUT PATHWAYS LEADING TO PHYSIOLOGICAL RHYTHMS
GENERAL SUMMARY
42: Sleep, Dreaming, and Wakefulness
THE TWO STATES OF SLEEP: RAPID EYE MOVEMENT AND NONRAPID EYE MOVEMENT
SLEEP IN THE MODERN ERA OF NEUROSCIENCE
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF BRAIN STEM REGULATORY SYSTEMS
MODELING THE CONTROL OF BEHAVIORAL STATE
SLEEP HAS MULTIPLE FUNCTIONS
43: Reward, Motivation, and Addiction
REWARD AND MOTIVATION
ADDICTION
VII: BEHAVIORAL AND COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE
44: Human Brain Evolution
EVOLUTIONARY AND COMPARATIVE PRINCIPLES
EVOLUTION OF PRIMATE BRAINS
WHY BRAIN SIZE IS IMPORTANT
CONCLUSIONS
45: Cognitive Development and Aging
BRAIN DEVELOPMENT
COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT AND AGING: A LIFE SPAN PERSPECTIVE
PATHOLOGICAL PROCESSES IN COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT AND AGING
46: Visual Perception of Objects
THE PROBLEM OF OBJECT RECOGNITION
SUBSTRATES FOR OBJECT PERCEPTION AND RECOGNITION: EARLY EVIDENCE FROM BRAIN DAMAGE
VISUAL PATHWAYS FOR OBJECT PROCESSING IN NONHUMAN PRIMATES
NEURONAL PROPERTIES WITHIN THE OBJECT RECOGNITION PATHWAY
FUNCTIONAL NEUROIMAGING AND ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY OF OBJECT RECOGNITION IN HUMANS
PERCEPTION AND RECOGNITION OF SPECIFIC CLASSES OF OBJECTS
OVERALL SUMMARY
47: Spatial Cognition
NEURAL SYSTEMS FOR SPATIAL COGNITION
PARIETAL CORTEX
FRONTAL CORTEX
HIPPOCAMPUS AND ADJACENT CORTEX
SPATIAL COGNITION AND SPATIAL ACTION
48: Attention
INTRODUCTION
VARIETIES OF ATTENTION
NEGLECT SYNDROME: A DEFICIT OF SPATIAL ATTENTION
SINGLE UNIT RECORDING STUDIES IN NONHUMAN PRIMATES PROVIDE CONVERGENT EVIDENCE FOR A FRONTO-PARIETAL ATTENTIONAL CONTROL SYSTEM
ATTENTION AFFECTS NEURAL ACTIVITY IN THE HUMAN VISUAL CORTEX IN THE PRESENCE AND ABSENCE OF VISUAL STIMULATION
ATTENTION INCREASES SENSITIVITY AND BOOSTS THE CLARITY OF SIGNALS GENERATED BY NEURONS IN PARTS OF THE VISUAL SYSTEM DEVOTED TO PROCESSING INFORMATION ABOUT OBJECTS
ATTENTION MODULATES NEURAL RESPONSES IN THE HUMAN LATERAL GENICULATE NUCLEUS
THE VISUAL SEARCH PARADIGM HAS BEEN USED TO STUDY THE ROLE OF ATTENTION IN SELECTING RELEVANT STIMULI FROM WITHIN A CLUTTERED VISUAL ENVIRONMENT
WHERE IS THE COMPUTATIONAL BOTTLENECK AS REVEALED BY SEARCH TASKS?
NEURONAL RECEPTIVE FIELDS ARE A POSSIBLE NEURAL CORRELATE OF LIMITED CAPACITY
COMPETITION CAN BE BIASED BY NONSPATIAL FEEDBACK
FILTERING OF UNWANTED INFORMATION IN HUMANS
CONCLUSIONS
49: Learning and Memory: Basic Mechanisms
PARADIGMS HAVE BEEN DEVELOPED TO STUDY ASSOCIATIVE AND NONASSOCIATIVE LEARNING
INVERTEBRATE STUDIES: KEY INSIGHTS FROM APLYSIA INTO BASIC MECHANISMS OF LEARNING
VERTEBRATE STUDIES: LONG-TERM POTENTIATION
LONG-TERM DEPRESSION
HOW DOES A CHANGE IN SYNAPTIC STRENGTH STORE A COMPLEX MEMORY?
50: Learning and Memory: Brain Systems
INTRODUCTION
HISTORY OF MEMORY SYSTEMS
MAJOR MEMORY SYSTEMS OF THE MAMMALIAN BRAIN
BEHAVIOR SUPPORTED BY MULTIPLE MEMORY SYSTEMS
CONCLUSION
51: Language and Communication
ANIMAL COMMUNICATION
HUMAN LANGUAGE
CONCLUSIONS
52: The Prefrontal Cortex and Executive Brain Functions
INTRODUCTION
CONTROLLED PROCESSING
ANATOMY AND ORGANIZATION OF THE PREFRONTAL CORTEX
EFFECTS OF DAMAGE TO THE PREFRONTAL CORTEX IN HUMANS
NEUROIMAGING STUDIES AND PFC
EFFECTS OF DAMAGE TO THE PREFRONTAL CORTEX IN MONKEYS
NEUROPHYSIOLOGY OF THE PREFRONTAL CORTEX
PFC Neurons Can Sustain Their Activity
PFC Neural Activity Reflects Task Rules
PFC Neurons Are Flexible
PFC Neurons Encode Rewards
THEORIES OF PREFRONTAL CORTEX FUNCTION
53: Consciousness
Index
Product details
- No. of pages: 1
- Language: English
- Copyright: © Academic Press 2008
- Published: February 11, 2008
- Imprint: Academic Press
- eBook ISBN: 9780080561028
About the Editors
Larry Squire
Affiliations and Expertise
University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
Darwin Berg
Affiliations and Expertise
University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
Floyd E. Bloom
Affiliations and Expertise
Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
Sascha du Lac
Affiliations and Expertise
The Salk Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
Anirvan Ghosh
Affiliations and Expertise
University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
Nicholas C. Spitzer
Affiliations and Expertise
University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
Larry R. Squire
Larry R. Squire is Distinguished Professor of Psychiatry, Neurosciences, and Psychology at the University of California, San Diego. He is also a Research Career Scientist at the Veterans Affairs Medical Center in San Diego. Squire is a member of the National Academy of Sciences and a past president of the Society for Neuroscience.
Affiliations and Expertise
Distinguished Professor of Psychiatry, Neurosciences, and Psychology at the University of California, San Diego; Research Career Scientist at the Veterans Affairs Medical Center in San Diego; member of the National Academy of Sciences and a past president of the Society for Neuroscience.
Darwin Berg
Affiliations and Expertise
University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
Floyd Bloom
Floyd Bloom was the editor of Science magazine, now Brain Research.
Affiliations and Expertise
Scripps Clinic & Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, U.S.A.
Sascha du Lac
Affiliations and Expertise
The Salk Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
Anirvan Ghosh
Affiliations and Expertise
University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
Nicholas Spitzer
Affiliations and Expertise
University of California, La Jolla, California, U.S.A.