Functional Neural Transplantation III

Advisory Editors

Contributors

Chapter 1. Introduction (Part II)

References

Chapter 2. Transplantation in the future

1 Constraints

2 Future directions

Chapter 3. Neural differentiation and support of neuroregeneration of non-neural adult stem cells

Abbreviations

1 Introduction

2 Adult non-neural stem cells

3 Bone marrow cells/umbilical cord blood cells

4 Endothelial cells/endothelial progenitor cells

5 Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells

6 Adult stem cells with greater potency

7 Adult stem cell grafts for stroke

8 Conclusions

References

Chapter 4. Stem cell repair of striatal ischemia

1 Introduction

2 Transplantation of NSPCs in stroke

3 Endogenous neural stem cells in stroke

4 Conclusions

References

Chapter 5. In vivo imaging of cell transplants in experimental ischemia

Abbreviations

1 Introduction

2 Cell tracking by MRI

3 Cell tracking by OI

4 Cell tracking by PET

5 Multimodal cell tracking approaches

6 Conclusions

References

Chapter 6. Bone marrow stem cells in experimental stroke

1 Introduction

2 The impact of MSC transplantation in experimental stroke models: structural and functional changes

3 Intravenous delivery of human MSCs in a nonhuman primate model of stroke as a prelude to Phase I human clinical study

4 Clinical studies in stroke patients utilizing intravenously applied hMSCs

5 Prospects

References

Further reading

Chapter 7. Advantages and challenges of alternative sources of adult-derived stem cells for brain repair in stroke

1 Introduction

2 Adult stem cells

3 Neural stem cells

4 Mesenchymal stromal cells

5 Extraembryonic tissue stem cells

6 Umbilical cord blood

7 Adipose tissue

8 Menstrual blood

9 Breast milk

10 Teeth

11 Induced pluripotent stem cells

12 Autologous versus allogeneic

13 Co-transplantation and combination therapy

14 Other factors

15 Mode of action

16 Conclusions

References

Chapter 8. Prospects for stem cell-derived therapy in stroke

Abbreviations

1 Introduction

2 Early clinical experience

3 Trials using neural cells

4 Trials using bone marrow-derived cells

5 Trials using autologous mesenchymal or marrow stromal cells

6 Increasing translational success for future clinical application

7 Current clinical products and approaches

8 Current cell therapies targeting the acute phase

9 Cell therapies targeting the subacute phase

10 Cell therapies targeting chronic stroke

11 Factors to enhance endogenous stem cell therapy

12 Cell delivery approaches

13 Patient selection

14 Clinical trial development

15 Future prospects

References

Chapter 9. Generation of retinal cells from pluripotent stem cells

1 Introduction

2 Embryogenesis and retinal development

3 Induction of retinal progenitors from pluripotent stem cells

4 Directed differentiation of mature retinal photoreceptor cells

5 Generation of retinal pigment epithelial cells

6 Differentiation of other types of retinal neural cells

7 Producing three-dimensional retinal tissue

8 Perspective on pluripotent stem cell-derived retinal cells

References

Chapter 10. Generation of cortical neurons from pluripotent stem cells

1 Introduction

2 A primitive pathway of specification of the forebrain/telencephalon

3 Modulating dorsoventral identity and neuronal specification

4 Generation of a diverse array of pyramidal neurons in vitro

5 Specification of cortical areal identity from ESCs: Surprising insights from in vivo transplantation

6 Corticogenesis from pluripotent stem cells: perspectives and challenges for models of disease and brain repair

References

Chapter 11. Repair involves all three surfaces of the glial cell

1 Three surfaces of glia

2 Responses to injury

3 The olfactory system

4 Repair by OEC transplants

5 The pathway hypothesis

References

Chapter 12. Current status of myelin replacement therapies in multiple sclerosis

1 Inflammatory destruction of central nerve cables

2 Myelin maintains axonal integrity

3 Obstacles facing remyelination

4 Regenerative medicine in MS

5 Exogenous cell therapy

6 Endogenous cell therapy

7 Future outlook

References

Chapter 13. Stem cell-based treatments for spinal cord injury

1 Introduction

2 Epidemiology

3 Pathogenesis

4 Stem cells

5 Embryonic stem cells

6 Oligodendrocyte progenitors cells

7 Motor neuron progenitors

8 Neural stem cells

9 Mesenchymal and hematopoietic stem cells

10 Purity

11 Challenges for clinical translation

12 Regulatory agencies

References

Chapter 14. The challenges of long-distance axon regeneration in the injured CNS

Abbreviations

1 Spinal cord injury demographics and general information

2 Pathology of SCI: Acute

3 Pathology of SCI: Subacute/chronic

4 Cases of successful CNS regeneration

5 Extrinsic factors that impede axon regeneration in the injury spinal cord

6 Intrinsic factors that limit the neuronal growth response after injury

7 Conclusions

References

Chapter 15. Schwann cell transplantation

1 Introduction

2 Earlier studies of SC transplantation

3 More recent SC transplantation studies

4 The SC graft/host spinal cord interface

References

Chapter 16. Generation of motor neurons from pluripotent stem cells

1 Introduction

2 Toward the genesis of motor neurons from stem cells

3 Derivation of motor neurons from ES cells

4 iPS cell-derived motor neurons

5 Direct conversion of fibroblasts into induced motor neurons

6 Summary and future directions

References

Further-reading

Chapter 17. Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells in ALS

1 Introduction

2 Stem cell transplantation as a therapeutic strategy

3 Growth factors and ALS

4 Mesenchymal stem cells

5 Translation into the clinic

6 Allogenic versus autologous MSCs for transplantation

7 Characterization and manufacture of cell product for transplantation

8 How to get cells where they are needed?

9 Intraparenchymal delivery

10 Intramuscular grafting

11 MSCs as immunomodulatory agents: Intravenous and intrathecal delivery

12 How many cells need to be injected?

13 Clinical trial design

14 Conclusions

References

Further-reading

Combined Index

Volume in Series