From Habitability to Life on Mars

From Habitability to Life on Mars explores the current state of knowledge and questions on the past habitability of Mars and the role that rapid environmental changes may have played in the ability of prebiotic chemistry to transition to life. It investigates the role that such changes may have played in the preservation of biosignatures in the geological record and what this means for exploration strategies. Throughout the book, the authors show how the investigation of terrestrial analogs to early Martian habitats under various climates and environmental extremes provide critical clues to understand where, what and how to search for biosignatures on Mars.

The authors present an introduction to the newest developments and state-of-the-art remote and in situ detection strategies and technologies that are being currently developed to support the upcoming ExoMars and Mars 2020 missions. They show how the current orbital and ground exploration is guiding the selection for future landing sites. Finally, the book concludes by discussing the critical question of the implications and ethics of finding life on Mars.

• Edited by the lead on a NASA project that searches for habitability and life on Mars leading to the Mars 2020 mission
• Presents the evidence, questions and answers we have today (including a summary of the current state of knowledge in advance of the ESA ExoMars and NASA Mars 2020 missions)
• Includes contributions from authors directly involved in past, current and upcoming Mars missions
• Provides key information as to how Mars rovers, such as ExoMars and Mars 2020, will address the search for life on Mars with their instrumentation

Planetary scientists and students (undergrads to postdocs), geologists, geophysicists, petrologists, geochemists, mineralogists, and astrobiologists

Introduction
Nathalie Cabrol
1. Habilitability as a Tool in Astrobiological Exploration
Jack Farmer
2. An Origin of Life on Mars?
Andre Brack
3. Remote Detection of Phyllosilicates on Mars and Implications for Climate and Habitability
Bishop
4. Are Recurring Slope Linae (RSL) Habitable?
Alfred McEwen
5. Martian Habitability as Inferred from Landed Missions
Ray Arvidson and J. Catalano
6. Archean Lakes as Analogues for Habitable Martian Environments
Flannery
7. Evolution of Altiplanic Lake Habitats and Biosignatures at the Pleistocene/Holocene Transition
Cabrol
8. Siliceous Hot Spring Deposits: Why they Remain Key Astrobiological Targets
Cady
9. UV Radiation on Mars
Donat Hader
10. Habitability and Biomarker Preservation in the Martian Near-Surface Environment
Teodoro
11. Mars 2020
Williford
12. ExoMars
Vago