Free Radicals in Biology V6
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Free Radicals in Biology, Volume VI covers the significant biological implications of arachidonic acid chemistry in free radical biology. This 11-chapter volume explores the biochemistry of the prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and other products from arachidonic acid. The introductory chapters describe the chemistry of the eicosanoids; the structures of prostaglandin and leukotriene compounds; the role of lipid hydroperoxides in controlling prostaglandin biosynthesis; and the oxidation of xenobiotics during prostaglandin H biosynthesis. The discussion then shifts to the effects of the so-called fatty acid paradoxes on cell proliferation, tumorigenesis, and metastasis, followed by chapters on arachidonic acid cascade process; the causes of lung injury conditions, such as hyperoxia; and the origin of low-level chemiluminescence in cells. This volume further deals with the oxy-radical involvement in parasitic diseases and the mechanisms for activation of aromatic amine carcinogens. The concluding chapters examine the controversial one- and two-electron mechanisms for activation of polynuclear hydrocarbon carcinogens and a hypothesis to rationalize the effects of radicals on the life span of mammals. These chapters propose that aging results from toxic by-products of metabolism, and longevity is determined by the ability of an organism to deal with these products. This book will be of great benefit to biochemists, biologists, and physicists.
Table of Contents
Contributors
General Preface
Preface to Volume VI
List of Abbreviations
Contents of Other Volumes
Chapter 1 Prostaglandin Endoperoxide Synthase- Catalyzed Oxidation Reactions
I. Introduction
II. Hydroperoxidase Activity of Endoperoxide Synthase
III. Deactivation of Enzymes by Hydroperoxidases
IV. Cosubstrate Oxidation
V. Summary
References
Chapter 2 Lipid Peroxide Actions in the Regulation of Prostaglandin Biosynthesis
I. Introduction
II. The Hydroperoxide Requirement of Prostaglandin H Synthase
III. Evidence for a Physiological Role of Peroxides during Prostaglandin Synthesis
IV. Formation of Hydroperoxides
V. Impairment of Hydroperoxide Formation by Vitamin Ε
VI. Removal of Hydroperoxides
VII. Influence of Hydroperoxide Levels on Drug Actions
VIII. Summary
References
Chapter 3 Hydroperoxide-Dependent Oxidations during Prostaglandin Biosynthesis
I. Introduction
II. Role of Prostaglandin Η Synthase in Unsaturated Fatty Acid- Dependent Cooxidation by Ram Seminal Vesicle Microsomes
III. Hydroperoxide-Dependent Oxidations
IV. Mechanisms of Hydroperoxide-Dependent Oxidation and Oxygenation
V. Peroxidase Participation in Pathological Responses
VI. Related Oxidizing Systems
VII. Conclusion
References
Chapter 4 Fatty Acid Paradoxes in the Control of Cell Proliferation: Prostaglandins, Lipid Peroxides, and Cooxidation Reactions
I. Introduction
II. Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Cell Proliferation
III. Prostaglandins and Cell Proliferation
IV. Lipid Peroxides and Cell Proliferation
V. Problems with Fatty Acid Paradoxes
Problems
Chapter 5 The Electron Spin Resonance Study of Free Radicals Formed during the Arachidonic Acid Cascade and Cooxidation of Xenobiotics by Prostaglandin Synthase
I. Introduction
II. Application of Electron Spin Resonance-Spin Trapping to the Detection of Free Radicals Formed during the Transformation of Arachidonic Acid to Prostaglandin Endoperoxide
III. Application of Electron Spin Resonance to the Study of Free Radicals Formed during the Conversion of Prostaglandin G2 to Prostaglandin H2
IV. Application of Electron Spin Resonance to the Study of Free- Radical-Mediated Cooxidation of Xenobiotics by Prostaglandin Hydroperoxidase
References
Chapter 6 Phagocytes, Oxygen Radicals, and Lung Injury
I. Introduction
II. Alveolar Macrophages and Lung Injury
III. Neutrophils and Lung Injury
IV. Reduced Oxygen Products and Lung Injury
V. Summary
References
Chapter 7 Low-Level Chemiluminescence of Biological Systems
I. Introduction
II. Organ Chemiluminescence
III. Cellular Chemiluminescence
IV. Chemiluminescence of Subcellular Fractions
V. Chemiluminescence of Biologically Related Model Systems
VI. Conclusions
References
Chapter 8 Free-Radical Intermediates in the Antiparasitic Action of Drugs and Phagocytic Cells
I. Introduction
II. Protozoa and Helminths of Medical Importance
III. Intermediates of Oxygen Reduction in Parasites
IV. Enzymes Utilizing Oxygen Reduction Intermediates in Parasites
V. Toxicity of Oxygen Reduction Intermediates in Parasites
VI. Free-Radical Intermediates in the Metabolism of Antiparasitic Compounds
VII. Reduced Oxygen By-Products in the Antiparasitic Action of Phagocytes
VIII. Conclusions
References
Chapter 9 Multiple Mechanisms of Metabolic Activation of Aromatic Amine Carcinogens
I. Introduction
II. Free-Radical Formation during Cytochrome P-450 Function
III. Nitrofurans
IV. Hydrazines
V. 2-Acetylaminofluorene
VI. Naphthylamines
VII. N-Alkyl Compounds
VIII. Benzidines
IX. Phenylenediamines
X. Aminophenol Derivatives
Reference
Chapter 10 One-Electron and Two-Electron Oxidation in Aromatic Hydrocarbon Carcinogenesis
I. Introduction
II. Enzymology of One-Electron and Two-Electron Oxidation
III. One-Electron Oxidation
IV. Two-Electron Oxidation
V. Discussion
References
Chapter 11 Antioxidants, Aging, and Longevity
I. Introduction
II. Working Hypothesis of Aging and Longevity for Mammalian Species
III. Antioxidants as Longevity Determinants
IV. Autoxidation of Tissues as a Function of Species Life Span Potential
V. Peroxides in Tissues as a Function of Life Span Potential
VI. Compensational Nature of Endogenous Antioxidant Concentrations in Tissues
VII. Regulation of the Oxidative Environment of a Cell
References
Index
Product details
- No. of pages: 468
- Language: English
- Copyright: © Academic Press 1984
- Published: June 12, 1984
- Imprint: Academic Press
- eBook ISBN: 9780323149310