Free Radicals in Biology V6

Contributors General Preface Preface to Volume VI List of Abbreviations Contents of Other Volumes Chapter 1 Prostaglandin Endoperoxide Synthase- Catalyzed Oxidation Reactions I. Introduction II. Hydroperoxidase Activity of Endoperoxide Synthase III. Deactivation of Enzymes by Hydroperoxidases IV. Cosubstrate Oxidation V. Summary References Chapter 2 Lipid Peroxide Actions in the Regulation of Prostaglandin Biosynthesis I. Introduction II. The Hydroperoxide Requirement of Prostaglandin H Synthase III. Evidence for a Physiological Role of Peroxides during Prostaglandin Synthesis IV. Formation of Hydroperoxides V. Impairment of Hydroperoxide Formation by Vitamin Ε VI. Removal of Hydroperoxides VII. Influence of Hydroperoxide Levels on Drug Actions VIII. Summary ReferencesChapter 3 Hydroperoxide-Dependent Oxidations during Prostaglandin Biosynthesis I. Introduction II. Role of Prostaglandin Η Synthase in Unsaturated Fatty Acid- Dependent Cooxidation by Ram Seminal Vesicle Microsomes III. Hydroperoxide-Dependent Oxidations IV. Mechanisms of Hydroperoxide-Dependent Oxidation and Oxygenation V. Peroxidase Participation in Pathological Responses VI. Related Oxidizing Systems VII. Conclusion ReferencesChapter 4 Fatty Acid Paradoxes in the Control of Cell Proliferation: Prostaglandins, Lipid Peroxides, and Cooxidation Reactions I. Introduction II. Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Cell Proliferation III. Prostaglandins and Cell Proliferation IV. Lipid Peroxides and Cell Proliferation V. Problems with Fatty Acid Paradoxes ProblemsChapter 5 The Electron Spin Resonance Study of Free Radicals Formed during the Arachidonic Acid Cascade and Cooxidation of Xenobiotics by Prostaglandin Synthase I. Introduction II. Application of Electron Spin Resonance-Spin Trapping to the Detection of Free Radicals Formed during the Transformation of Arachidonic Acid to Prostaglandin Endoperoxide III. Application of Electron Spin Resonance to the Study of Free Radicals Formed during the Conversion of Prostaglandin G2 to Prostaglandin H2 IV. Application of Electron Spin Resonance to the Study of Free- Radical-Mediated Cooxidation of Xenobiotics by Prostaglandin Hydroperoxidase References Chapter 6 Phagocytes, Oxygen Radicals, and Lung Injury I. Introduction II. Alveolar Macrophages and Lung Injury III. Neutrophils and Lung Injury IV. Reduced Oxygen Products and Lung Injury V. Summary References Chapter 7 Low-Level Chemiluminescence of Biological Systems I. Introduction II. Organ Chemiluminescence III. Cellular Chemiluminescence IV. Chemiluminescence of Subcellular Fractions V. Chemiluminescence of Biologically Related Model Systems VI. Conclusions References Chapter 8 Free-Radical Intermediates in the Antiparasitic Action of Drugs and Phagocytic Cells I. Introduction II. Protozoa and Helminths of Medical Importance III. Intermediates of Oxygen Reduction in Parasites IV. Enzymes Utilizing Oxygen Reduction Intermediates in Parasites V. Toxicity of Oxygen Reduction Intermediates in Parasites VI. Free-Radical Intermediates in the Metabolism of Antiparasitic Compounds VII. Reduced Oxygen By-Products in the Antiparasitic Action of Phagocytes VIII. Conclusions References Chapter 9 Multiple Mechanisms of Metabolic Activation of Aromatic Amine Carcinogens I. Introduction II. Free-Radical Formation during Cytochrome P-450 Function III. Nitrofurans IV. Hydrazines V. 2-Acetylaminofluorene VI. Naphthylamines VII. N-Alkyl Compounds VIII. Benzidines IX. Phenylenediamines X. Aminophenol Derivatives ReferenceChapter 10 One-Electron and Two-Electron Oxidation in Aromatic Hydrocarbon Carcinogenesis I. Introduction II. Enzymology of One-Electron and Two-Electron Oxidation III. One-Electron Oxidation IV. Two-Electron Oxidation V. Discussion References Chapter 11 Antioxidants, Aging, and Longevity I. Introduction II. Working Hypothesis of Aging and Longevity for Mammalian Species III. Antioxidants as Longevity Determinants IV. Autoxidation of Tissues as a Function of Species Life Span Potential V. Peroxides in Tissues as a Function of Life Span Potential VI. Compensational Nature of Endogenous Antioxidant Concentrations in Tissues VII. Regulation of the Oxidative Environment of a Cell References Index