Foundations of Developmental Psychology

Chapter One Introduction to Developmental Psychology Introduction The Study of Developmental Psychology The Concept of Development Models of Development Research Methods in Developmental Psychology Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Approaches Classical Designs in Developmental Research Methodological Inadequacies of Classical Designs Experimental versus Nonexperimental Research Methods in Developmental Psychology A Historical Survey of Developmental Psychology ReferencesChapter Two Genetic Foundations of Development Introduction Historical Perspective Physical Foundations of Genetics Chromosomes and Genes Cellular Reproduction Mitosis Meiosis Molecular Genetics DNA Replication Gene Action and the Genetic Code Tansmission Genetics Gene Relationships and Expression Monohybrid Patterns of Inheritance Mendelian Ratios Quantitative Inheritance Environmental Factors, Gene Expression, and Gene Interactions Penetrance and Expressivity Modifier Genes External and Internal Environmental Effects Sex and Inheritance Sex Determination Sex-Linked Inheritance Sex-Limited Genes Sex-Influenced Genes Developmental Behavioral Genetics The Role of Behavioral Genetics in Developmental Psychology Historical Perspective Genetic Anomalies in Development Inherited Defects in Humans Chromosomes And Behavior Autosomal Chromosome Anomalies Sex Chromosome Anomalies Turner's Syndrome Early Menopause Syndrome Klinefelter's Syndrome Xyy Anomaly ReferencesChapter Three Prenatal Factors in Development Introduction Prenatal Development Embryonic Growth Prenatal Periods of Development The Determination of Embryonic Age Human Behavioral Embryology Historical Perspective Conceptions of Prenatal Development Methodological Considerations in The Study of Human Prenatal Behavior The Ontogeny of Human Fetal Behavior Theoretical Issues in Behavioral Embryology The Coghill-Windle Controversy Intrauterine Influences on Prenatal Development Principles of Teratology and the Concept of Critical Periods 142 Ionizing Radiation Effects Drug Effects Smoking and Alcohol Maternal Diseases and Conditions Perinatal Factors in Development Low Birth Weight and Prematurity Maternal Emotional States Obstetric Medication Effects of Obstetric Medication on Infants The Brackbill and Broman Study ReferencesChapter Four Maturation, Growth, and Learning Introduction Maturation and Growth Maturation and Learning Historical Perspective Environmental Influences on Maturational Phenomena The Effects of Environmental Restriction The Effects of Environmental Stimulation Learning Definition and Distinction of Learning Processes Contemporary Status of Infant Conditioning Research Basic Processes in Learning Habituation Implications of Infant Habituation Neonatal and Infant Conditioning The Question of Fetal Conditioning ReferencesChapter Five Motor and Perceptual Development Introduction Neonatal Reflexes: The Origins of Motor Development The Development of Motor Competence Developmental Trends in Gross Motor Development The Question of Differential Motor Development Sex Differences Race Differences Social Class, Intelligence, and Motor Development The Development of Prehension The Normative Sequence in Prehension Environmental Influences On Prehensile Development Perceptual Development Historical Perspective The Development of Visual Perception Perceptual Prerequisites in the Human Infant Form Perception Pattern Perception Depth Perception The Perceptual Environment ReferencesChapter Six Cognitive Development Introduction Historical Perspective The Development of Memory Infant Visual Memory Recall Memory Concept Development Concept Development in Childhood Preconceptual Development The Concept of Conservation The Conservation Problem Concept Training Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development Principles of Genetic Epistemology Evaluation of Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development The Cumulative Learning Model of Cognitive Development ReferencesChapter Seven Language Development Introduction Historical Perspective The Phylogenesis of Language Comparative Primate Research The Linguistic Competence of Apes Theories of Language Development Learning Theory Approaches The Biological-Nativist Approach The Cognitive Approach The Ontogenesis of Language The Basic Elements of Language Prelinguistic Development Stages in Prelinguistic Development Syntactic Development Roger Brown's Classification of Early Language Development Factors Influencing Language Development Sex Differences Environmental Factors ReferencesChapter Eight The Assessment of Intellectual Development Introduction Historical Perspective Definition And Theories of Intelligence The Problem of Definition Theories of Intelligence The Measurement of Infant Intelligence Characteristics of Infant Scales of Intelligence Limitations of Infant Scales of Intelligence Trends in Intellectual Development Genetic and Environmental Contributions to Intellectual Development Genetics and Intelligence Contemporary Views of Genetics and Intelligence Genetic Studies of IQ Heritability Conclusions on the Heritability of Intelligence Environmental Influences on Intelligence ReferencesChapter Nine Emotional Development Introduction Historical Perspective Infant Temperament and Emotional Development Temperament in Human Neonates The New York Longitudinal Study of Temperament Learning, Maturation, and Emotional Development The Development of Fear, Smiling, and Laughter Theoretical Considerations in Fear Development The Development of Fear Theoretical Considerations in Smiling and Laughter Development The Development of Smiling The Development of Laughter ReferencesChapter Ten Personality and Social Development Introduction Historical Perspective Origins of Social Behavior The Development of Attachment Trends in the Study of Attachment Theoretical Perspectives of Attachment Attachment Research Early Experience and Personality-Social Development The Problem of Early Experience and Critical Periods Animal Studies of Early Experience and Social Development Social Separation and Affectional Systems in Monkeys Early Socialization and Personality Development Parental Discipline Styles and Personality-Social Development Maternal Deprivation in Human Infants The Maternal Deprivation Controversy Later Socialization and Personality Development Moral Development Cognitive Theories of Moral Development: Piaget and Kohlberg Social Learning Theory Prosocial Behavior ReferencesGlossaryName IndexSubject Index