Food Texture and Viscosity: Concept and Measurement

1st Edition - January 28, 1981
Author: Malcolm C. Bourne
Language: English
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 1 6 2 5 9 - 3

Food Science and Technology: A Series of Monographs: Food Texture and Viscosity: Concept and Measurement focuses on the texture and viscosity of food and how these properties are… Read more

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Food Science and Technology: A Series of Monographs: Food Texture and Viscosity: Concept and Measurement focuses on the texture and viscosity of food and how these properties are measured. The publication first elaborates on texture, viscosity, and food, body-texture interactions, and principles of objective texture measurement. Topics include area and volume measuring instruments, chemical analysis, multiple variable instruments, soothing effect of mastication, reasons for masticating food, rheology and texture, and the rate of compression between the teeth. The book then examines the practice of objective texture measurement and viscosity and consistency, including the general equation for viscosity, methods for measuring viscosity, factors affecting viscosity, tensile testers, distance measuring measurements, and shear testing. The manuscript takes a look at the selection of a suitable test procedure and sensory methods of texture and viscosity measurement. Discussions focus on nonoral methods of sensory measurement; correlations between subjective and objective measurements; variations on the texture profile technique; and importance of sensory evaluation. The publication is a vital source of information for food experts and researchers interested in food texture and viscosity.

Preface

1. Texture, Viscosity, and Food

Importance of Textural Properties

The Status of Food Texture Measurements

Definition of Texture

Other Definitions

Texture Versus Viscosity

Texture and Food

Rheology and Texture

Early History

Suggestions for Further Reading

2 . Body-Texture Interactions

Some Definitions

The Sequence of Mastication

Rate of Compression Between the Teeth

Soothing Effect of Mastication

Saliva

Forces Generated Between the Teeth

Reasons for Masticating Food

Nonoral Methods for Sensing Texture

3. Principles of Objective Texture Measurement

Introduction

Force Measuring Instruments

Distance Measuring Instruments

Area and Volume Measuring Instruments

Time Measuring Instruments

Work, Energy, and Power Measuring Instruments

Ratio Measuring Techniques

Multiple Variable Instruments

Units of Measurement

Chemical Analysis

Miscellaneous Methods

Multiple Measuring Instruments

4. Practice of Objective Texture Measurement

Introduction

Force Measuring Instruments

Compression-Extrusion Testers

Shear Testing

Torsion Devices

Bending

Tensile Testers

Distance Measuring Instruments

Volume Measuring Instruments

Time Measuring Instruments

Miscellaneous Methods

Multiple Measuring Instruments

5. Viscosity and Consistency

Introduction

Factors Affecting Viscosity

Types of Viscous Behavior

The General Equation for Viscosity

Other Flow Equations

Time Dependency

Methods for Measuring Viscosity

Use of One-Point Measurements for Non-Newtonian Fluids

6. Sensory Methods of Texture and Viscosity Measurement

Introduction

Importance of Sensory Evaluation

Sensory Texture Profiling

Variations on the Texture Profile Technique

The Texture Profile as an Objective Method

Correlations Between Subjective and Objective Measurements

Nonoral Methods of Sensory Measurement

7. Selection of a Suitable Test Procedure

Introduction

Factors to Be Considered

Preparation of the Sample

Appendix: Suppliers of Texture and Viscosity Measuring Instruments

References

Index