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Fluvial-Tidal Sedimentology
1st Edition, Volume 68 - November 25, 2015
Editors: Philip J Ashworth, James L. Best, Daniel R Parsons
Language: English
Hardback ISBN:9780444635297
9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 4 - 6 3 5 2 9 - 7
eBook ISBN:9780444635396
9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 4 - 6 3 5 3 9 - 6
Fluvial-Tidal Sedimentology provides information on the ‘Tidal-Fluvial Transition', the transition zone between river and tidal environments, and includes contributions that addr…Read more
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provides information on the ‘Tidal-Fluvial Transition', the transition zone between river and tidal environments, and includes contributions that address some of the most fundamental research questions, including how the morphology of the tidal-fluvial transition zone evolves over short (days) and long (decadal) time periods and for different tidal and fluvial regimes, the structure of the river flow as it varies in its magnitude over tidal currents and how this changes at the mixing interface between fresh and saline water and at the turbidity maximum, the role of suspended sediment in controlling bathymetric change and bar growth and the role of fine-grained sediment (muds and flocs), whether it is possible to differentiate between ‘fluvial’ and ‘tidally’ influenced bedforms as preserved in bars and within the adjacent floodplain and what are the diagnostic sedimentary facies of tidal-fluvial deposits and how are these different from ‘pure’ fluvial and tidal deposits, amongst other topics.
The book presents the latest research on the processes and deposits of the tidal-fluvial transition, documenting recent major field programs that have quantified the flow, sediment transport, and bed morphology in tidal-fluvial zones. It uses description of contemporary environments and ancient outcrop analogues to characterize the facies change through the tidal-fluvial transition.
Presents the latest outcomes from recent, large, integrated field programs in estuaries around the world
Gives detailed field descriptions (outcrop, borehole, core, contemporary sediments) of tidal-fluvial deposits
Accesses new models and validation datasets for estuarine processes and deposits
Presents descriptions of contemporary environments and ancient outcrop analogues to characterize the facies change through the tidal-fluvial transition
Academic and industrial geoscientists, as well as researchers in the global hydrocarbon industry
Preface
Part 1: Context
Chapter 1: Deciphering the relative importance of fluvial and tidal processes in the fluvial–marine transition
Abstract
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Process Framework for the Fluvial–Tidal Transition
1.3 Setting of the Case Studies Used in This Chapter
1.4 Description and Interpretation of the Case Studies
1.5 Discussion
1.6 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Part 2: Modern
Chapter 2: Estuarine turbidity maxima revisited: Instrumental approaches, remote sensing, modeling studies, and new directions
Abstract
2.1 Introduction
2.2 In Situ Measurements: Recent Advances
2.3 Building an Integral Understanding of ETM via Remote Sensing: Possibilities and Challenges
2.4 ETM Dynamic: Insights from Theory, Modeling and Observations
2.5 Discussion: Toward a More Complete Understanding of ETM Dynamics
2.6 Summary and Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Chapter 3: Sedimentological trends across the tidal–fluvial transition, Fraser River, Canada: A review and some broader implications
Abstract
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Depositional Trends Across the TFT of the Fraser River
3.3 The Broader Implications of Depositional Trends from the Lower Fraser River
3.4 Conclusions
Chapter 4: Three-dimensional meander bend flow within the tidally influenced fluvial zone
Abstract
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Methods
4.3 Results
4.4 Discussion
4.5 Conclusions
Chapter 5: Sedimentology of a tidal point-bar within the fluvial–tidal transition: River Severn Estuary, UK
Abstract
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Severn Estuary
5.3 Methods
5.4 Results
5.5 Discussion
5.6 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Part 3: Ancient
Chapter 6: Mid to late Holocene geomorphological and sedimentological evolution of the fluvial–tidal zone: Lower Columbia River, WA/OR, USA
Abstract
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Background
6.3 Methodologies
6.4 Results
6.5 Discussion
6.6 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Chapter 7: Palaeo-Orinoco (Pliocene) channels on the tide-dominated Morne L'Enfer delta lobes and estuaries, SW Trinidad
Abstract
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Geological Background
7.3 Palaeo-Orinoco Context of Tidal–Fluvial Channels
7.4 Criteria for the Recognition of Tidal Signals in and Around the Channels
7.5 Examples of Palaeo-Orinoco Tidal–Fluvial Channels
7.6 Discussion
7.7 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Chapter 8: The ichnology of the fluvial–tidal transition: Interplay of ecologic and evolutionary controls
Abstract
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Ecologic Controls on the Ichnofauna at the Fluvial–Tidal Zone: Insights from Neoichnology
8.3 Case Studies
8.4 Summary of Observations and Discussion: Ecologic and Evolutionary Controls
8.5 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Chapter 9: A reappraisal of large, heterolithic channel fills in the upper Permian Rangal Coal Measures of the Bowen Basin, Queensland, Australia: The case for tidal influence
Abstract
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Geological Setting
9.3 Previous Research
9.4 Facies Analysis
9.5 Evidence for Tidal Influence
9.6 Discussion
9.7 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Chapter 10: Facies and architecture of unusual fluvial–tidal channels with inclined heterolithic strata: Campanian Neslen Formation, Utah, USA
Abstract
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Regional Geology and Previous Work
10.3 Methods and Data
10.4 Results
10.5 Discussion
10.6 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Chapter 11: Geologic reservoir characterization of Carboniferous fluvio-tidal deposits of the Illinois Basin, USA
Abstract
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Geologic Setting
11.3 Methodology: Characterization of the Bridgeport Reservoirs
11.4 Sedimentology of the Bridgeport Sandstone Reservoirs
11.5 Facies Associations of the Bridgeport Sandstones
11.6 Depositional Model of the Bridgeport B Interval
11.7 Fluvial–tidal Transition Zone
11.8 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Chapter 12: Fluvial to tidal transition zone facies in the McMurray Formation (Christina River, Alberta, Canada), with emphasis on the reflection of flow intensity in bottomset architecture
Abstract
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Location and Stratigraphy
12.3 General Depositional Setting
12.4 Methods
12.5 Facies Analysis
12.6 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Part 4: Resources
Chapter 13: Recognition and prediction of petroleum reservoirs in the fluvial/tidal transition
Abstract
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Tidal Recognition Criteria
13.3 Tidal Reservoirs Within Incised Valley Fills
13.4 Tidal Delta Reservoirs
13.5 Predicting the Distribution of Tidal Facies
13.6 Summary
Acknowledgments
Chapter 14: Characterizing alluvial architecture of point bars within the McMurray Formation, Alberta, Canada, for improved bitumen resource prediction and recovery
Abstract
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Regional Geology and Background
14.3 Bitumen Production Technologies
14.4 Surface Mining and Pay Definition
14.5 SAGD Process and Steam Chamber Definition
14.6 Linking Point Bar Lithofacies Schemes to Resource Quality
14.7 Mud Clast Lithofacies
14.8 Medium- to Coarse-Grained Cross-Stratified Sand (Ss1) Lithofacies
14.9 Interbedded Very-Fine- to Fine-Grained Massive to Ripple-Laminated (Ss2) Lithofacies
14.10 Sand with Mud Interbeds (IBS, IB, IBM) Lithofacies
14.11 Mudstone Lithofacies
14.12 Characterizing Resource Quality Within Point Bar Deposits
14.13 High-Quality Point Bar Reservoir Deposits
14.14 Low-Quality Reservoir and Nonreservoir Point Bar Deposits
14.15 Resource Continuity in Point Bar Deposits
14.16 Evaluating In Situ Resources Through Time
14.17 Opportunity Identification and High Grading (T1)
14.18 Project Scale Definition and Initial Development Area Selection (T2)
14.19 Detailed Resource Definition and Development Planning (T3)
14.20 Early- to Late-Life Production
14.21 Evaluating Mining Resources
14.22 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
Chapter 15: The Cretaceous McMurray oil sands, Alberta, Canada: A world-class, tidally influenced fluvial–estuarine system—An Alberta government perspective
Abstract
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Geologic Setting
15.3 Previous Work
15.4 Wabiskaw–McMurray Stratigraphic Nomenclature
15.5 McMurray Formation: Facies Definition, Models, and Associations
15.6 McMurray Formation: Tidal Signatures
15.7 McMurray Formation: Modern Analogs
15.8 McMurray Formation: Summary and Implications for Reservoir Development
Acknowledgments
Appendix A Alberta Township Survey System
Appendix B Definition of Stratigraphic Markers (“picks”) with Quality Codes (Modified from Wynne et al., 1994; Hein et al., 2000)
Appendix C Characteristics of Different Stratigraphic Units Within the McMurray Formation Used in the Alberta Energy and Utilities Board (2003) Regional Geological Model (Hein et al., 2013c)