Flat-Panel Display Technologies

Large scale manufacturing of liquid crystal flat panel displays (LCDs) by Japan brought the world's attention to the existence of an enormous market potential exists when there are alternatives to the cathode ray tube (CRT). The Japanese have recognized that new display technologies are critical to making their products highly competitive in the world market. The CRT is losing market share to the solid-state flat panel display. Japan currently holds 90% of the market, and this book outlines opportunities in the former Soviet Union, where companies with the necessary technology are seeking partners, investment, and manufacturing opportunities. Entire cities that were once not even on the map due to their military mission, are now appearing, filled with state-of-the-art electronic technology. The book is developed from the reports issued by investigators based on their field visits to 33 sites in Japan, and 26 sites in Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus.

Manufacturers of flat panel displays.

Part I. Display Technologies in Japan
Executive Summary
Background
Summary of Report
1. Flat-Panel Displays in Japan: an Overview
Introduction
Organization
Objectives of the Committee
Major Technical Findings
Extent of Development of Liquid Crystal Displays
Commitment to Production of Liquid Crystal Displays
Changing Consensus in Large FPDs
Changing Role of Electroluminescent Displays and Plasma Panels
Infrastructure in Japan's FPD Industry
Market and Projected Sales
New a-Si AMLCD Factory
Emphasis in the 1990s
Summary
References
2. Material for Flat-Panel Displays
Introduction
Liquid Crystal Materials
Other LCD Materials
Light-Emissive Display Materials
Conclusions
References
3. Manufacturing and Infrastructure of Active Matrix Liquid Crystal Displays
Introduction
Manufacturing Logistics
Manufacturing Equipment
PECVD
Conclusions
4. Passive Matrix Liquid Crystal Displays
Introduction
LCD Basics
Twisted Nematic LCDs
Supertwisted Nematic LCDs
Vertically Aligned Nematic LCDs
Ferroelectric LCDs
Status and Prospects for the Future
Comparison of Passive Matrix LCD Technologies
Conclusions
References
5. Active Matrix Technology
Introduction
Basic Active Matrix Technology
Investment Environment
Amorphous Silicon: The Dominant Active Matrix Technology
Polysilicon: The Successor Technology
Commercial Products and Prototypes
Conclusions
References
6. Projection Displays
Introduction
Comparison of Japanese and U.S. Display Research
Technical Evaluation of Work
Comparison Summary
Future Research
References
Appendix A: Professional Experience of Panel Members
Appendix B: Trip Site Reports
Appendix C: Glossary
Part II. Flat-Panel-Display Technologies in Japan (Updated)
Technology Assessment
What's New?
Price, Price, and Price
Expanding Applications
LCD Production in Japan
Next-Generation Production Machinery
Second-Generation Production Machinery
Significant Advances
Reduced Emphasis
Other FPDs
Summary
Notes
Part III. Display Technologies in Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus
Executive Summary
Background
Summary of Report
1. Overview
Introduction
Subject Areas
Highlights
2. Liquid Crystal Display Materials and Related Technologies
Why Evaluate Liquid Crystal Display Technologies in the FSU?
Background for This Evaluation
History of FSU Contributions to the Physics of Liquid Crystals
Socioeconomic Structures
Nonemissive Display Materials in the FSU
Conclusions
References
3. Liquid Crystal and Other Nonemissive Displays
Introduction
Passive Liquid Crystal Displays
Active Matrix LCDs
The LCD Industry in the FSU
Conclusions
References
4. Vacuum Fluorescent, Electroluminescent, Field Emission, and Other Emissive Displays
Introduction
Cathode Ray Tubes
Electroluminescent Displays
Vacuum Fluorescent Displays
Plasma Displays
Light-Emitting Diodes
E-Beam Pumped Laser Projections
Summary and Conclusions
5. Phosphors and Other Emissive Materials
Introduction
Powder Luminescent Materials
Materials for Electroluminescent Displays
LED Materials
Other Thin-Film Luminescence Materials
FED Cathodes Materials
Projection TV and Laser Materials
Electrochromic Materials
Summary
6. Infrastructure
Introduction
Anecdotes and Stories
Flat Panel Display Infrastructure
Summary
7. Business Perspective
Introduction
The Way Things Were
The Way Things Are Now
What is Left?
Getting Information on the Available Technology
Getting There and Getting Around
Who Owns the Technology
The Patent Dilemma
The Actual Deal
Conclusions
Appendix A: Professional Experience of Panel Members
Appendix B: Professional Experience of Other Team Members
Appendix C: Russian Site Reports
Appendix D: Belarus Site Reports
Appendix E: Ukrainian Site Reports
Appendix F: World View of Liquid Crystal Flat Panel Displays
Appendix G: Structural Scheme of Ukrainian LC R&D
Appendix H: Glossary