Fire Fighting Pumping Systems at Industrial Facilities

This book describes fixed firewater pump installations for industrial facilities from the viewpoint of the end users, fire protection engineers, loss prevention professionals, and those just entering a career in which decisions about fire pump installations must be made. Therefore much background information is given for the necessary requirements and usefulness of a firewater pump and the services that interface with it.

This book's primary objective is the provision of practical information and basic background design principles on the application of fixed pumps for fire fighting purposes at industrial facilities, both onshore and offshore. Where specific details are necessary and pertinent to the discussion they are provided, otherwise, these can be found from the applicable fire codes and engineering practices to be applied to the facility. Experience from the installation of fire pumps in the petroleum and chemical industries, historical data, manufacturers specification sheets and regulatory code requirements have been drawn upon for the preparation of the information in this book.

Fire protection engineers, loss prevention professionals, and those just entering a career in which decisions about fire pump installations must be made.

1. Historical Applications of Firewater Pumping Systems
   Ancient Water Pumps
   Reciprocating Hand and Steam Driven Fire Pumps
   Modern Fire Pumps
   Rotary Pumps
   Invention of Centrifugal Pump
   Municipal Water Pumping Plants and Mains
   Offshore Facilities
   2. Philosophy of Protection
   Process Emergency Control Measures
   Incident Fuel Consumption
   Provide Protective Measures
   Passive Systems
   Active Systems
   Insurance Requirements
   Internal Company Policies and Standards
   3. Firewater Flow Requirements
   Risk Areas
   Exposure Cooling Requirements
   Fire Control Requirements
   Suppression Requirements
   Egress Water Sprays
   Residual Pressure Requirements
   4. Duration of Firewater Supplies
   Capability of Public Water Mains
   Primary Supplies
   Reserve Supplies
   5. Sources of Firewater Pump Supply
   Seas and Oceans
   Rivers, Channels, Ponds and Lakes
   Water Wells (Natural Underground Reservoirs)
   Manmade Reservoirs (Impounded Supplies)
   Storage Tanks
   Municipal and Private Firewater Distribution Mains
   Specialized Offshore Raw Seawater Systems
   Firewater Usage by Other Services
   Emergency Water Sources
   Water Quality
   Enhancements to Fire Fighting Water
   Marine Growth
   Biocide Injection
   Other Marine Growth Control Methods
   Future Use, Sources and Development
   6. Pump Types and Applications
   Centrifugal Pumps
   Pump/Impeller Design Relationships
   Single and Multi-stage Arrangements
   Volute and Turbine Pump Classification
   Axial Flow Pumps
   Positive Displacement Pumps
   Rotary Pumps
   Gear Pumps
   Lobe Pumps
   Sliding Vane Pumps
   Reciprocating Pumps
   Firewater Pump Characteristics
   Characteristic Firewater Pump ""Curve""
   Main and Standby Firewater Pumps
   Booster Firewater Pumps
   Water Mist Firewater Pumps
   Jockey Pumps
   Firewater Circulation Pumps
   Foam Pumps
   Packaged and Skid Units
   Retrofit Improvements to Existing Firewater Pumps
   Future Expansion
   Reliance on Mobile Firewater Pumping Apparatus
   Portable Pumps
   NFPA 20 Versus API 610 and Other Pump Types
   7. Pump Installation, Piping Arrangements and Accessories
   Code Requirements
   Listing Requirements
   Typical Installation
   Pump Separation
   Pump Room or Building Construction
   Offshore Facilities
   Arctic Locations
   Arid Locations
   Tropical Locations
   Earthquake Zones
   Multiple Pump Installations
   Pump Rotation
   Relief Valves
   Circulation Relief Valves
   Pressure and Flow Control Valves
   Isolation Valves
   Bypass Capability
   Pressure Gages
   Pressure Recorders
   Flow Measurement Capability
   Check Valves
   Air Release Valve
   Supervision of Isolation Valves
   Inlet Screens, Strainers and Filters
   Submerged Pump Intake Openings
   Cavitation, Net Positive Suction Head (NPSH) and Vortices
   Water Hammer or Surge
   Pumping System Hydraulic Design
   Vibration Limitation
   Torsional Vibration Analysis (TVA)
   Backflow Prevention
   Area and Task Lighting
   Ventilation
   Sprinkler Protection
   Utility Services
   Drainage
   Outside Installations
   8. Materials of Construction
   Durability
   Corrosion Considerations
   Cathodic Protection
   Coatings
   Fiberglass Materials
   Fresh Water Concerns
   Common Pump Materials
   9. Pump Drivers and Power Transmission
   Electric Motors
   NEMA Classification
   Splash Shield or Partitions
   Gasoline Engines
   Diesel Engines
   Engine Gage Panel
   Diesel Engine Fuel Supplies
   Fuel Refilling Aspects
   Fuel Contamination
   Engine Starting Systems
   Starting Batteries
   Engine Cooling System
   Engine Exhaust System
   Air Supplies and Ventilation
   Instrument Panel
   Steam Turbine
   Power Transmission Options
   Driver Pump Coupling
   Right Angle Gear Drives
   Lineshafts
   Indirect Hydraulic Drive
   Acoustical Concerns
   Maintenance Access
   10. Firewater Pump Controllers
   Firewater Pump Controllers
   Diesel Engine Firewater Pump Controllers
   Electric Motor Firewater Pump Controllers
   Controller Power Supplies
   Dual Power Source Controllers
   Automatic Transfer Switches (ATS)
   Low Suction Pressure Cut-Off
   Jockey Pump Controllers
   Remote Alarm and Shutdown Panels for Fire Pump Controllers
   Foam Pump Controllers
   Controller Listing or Approval
   Multiple Firewater Pump Installations
   Automatic Activation
   Firemain Pressure Switch Activation
   Remote Activation
   Local Activation
   Startup Attempts
   Color Coding of Panel Indicators
   Piping and Instrumentation Diagrams (P & IDs)
   Controller Indicators
   First-Up Fault Feature
   Cause and Effects Charts
   Firewater Pump Shutdown
   Specialized Installations
   Controller Location and Access Requirements
   11. Reliability
   Failure Categories
   Insurance Industry Experience
   Fault Tree Analysis (FTA)
   Single Point Failures (SPF)
   Number of Firewater Pumps
   Pump Failures
   Electrical Motor Failures
   Diesel Engine Failures
   Gearbox Failures
   Controllers Faults
   Plant Perils & Pumping System Exposure
   12. Classified Area Pump Installations
   Diesel Engine Ignition Hazards
   Primary Ignition Hazards
   Secondary Ignition Hazards
   Hot Surfaces
   Hot Exhaust Gases
   Exhaust System (Muffler)
   Exhaust System Spark or Flame Discharge
   Engine Overspeeding
   Flashback in Air Intake
   Material Selection
   Rated Instrumentation and Electrical Hardware
   Decompression Ports
   Electric Motors
   Controllers
   13. Firewater Pump Acceptance and Flow Testing
   Safety Precautions
   Factory Acceptance Test (FAT)
   Site Acceptance Test (SAT) and Commissioning
   Periodic Performance Tests - Frequencies and Duration
   Pump Curve Test Points
   Fuel Examination
   Specific Speed Verification
   Accuracy of Test Gages
   Weekly Testing
   Controller and Interface Testing
   Foam Pump Testing
   Basic Test Procedure
   14. Human Factors & Quality Control
   Human Factors
   Identification
   Painting
   Flow Arrows
   Starting Instructions
   Access
   Guards
   Noise Levels
   Emergency and Pre-Fire Plans
   Documentation
   Training
   Security
   Quality Control
   Appendices
   Acronyms
   Glossary
   Bibliography
   Index