Exploring Engineering

Exploring Engineering: An Introduction to Engineering and Design, Second Edition, provides an introduction to the engineering profession. It covers both classical engineering and emerging fields, such as bioengineering, nanotechnology, and mechatronics.
The book is organized into two parts. Part 1 provides an overview of the engineering discipline. It begins with a discussion of what engineers do and then covers topics such as the key elements of engineering analysis; problems solving and spreadsheet analyses; and the kinds, conversion, and conservation of energy. The book also discusses key concepts drawn from the fields of chemical engineering; mechanical engineering; electrical engineering; electrochemical engineering; materials engineering; civil engineering; engineering kinematics; bioengineering; manufacturing engineering; and engineering economics. Part 2 focuses on the steps in the engineering design process. It provides content for a Design Studio, where students can design and build increasingly complex engineering system. It also presents examples of design competitions and concludes with brief remarks about the importance of design projects.

• Organized in two parts to cover both the concepts and practice of engineering: Part I, Minds On, introduces the  fundamental physical, chemical and material bases for all engineering work while Part II, Hands On, provides opportunity to do design projects
• An Engineering Ethics Decision Matrix is introduced in Chapter 1 and used throughout the book to pose ethical challenges and explore ethical decision-making in an engineering context
• Lists of "Top Engineering Achievements" and "Top Engineering Challenges" help put the material in context and show engineering as a vibrant discipline involved in solving societal problems
  New to this edition:
• Additional discussions on what engineers do, and the distinctions between engineers, technicians, and managers (Chapter 1)
•  New coverage of Renewable Energy and Environmental Engineering helps emphasize the emerging interest in Sustainable Engineering
• New discussions of Six Sigma in the Design section, and expanded material on writing technical reports
• Re-organized and updated chapters in Part I to more closely align with specific engineering disciplines

new end of chapter excercises throughout the book

• Freshman undergraduate students entering 4-year engineering programs, including those with declared or intended majors in all engineering areas such as mechanical, electrical, chemical, industrial, and civil engineering
• Freshman undergraduate students who are taking an Introduction to Engineering Course either as a requirement for a technical degree or as an elective for science and technology requirements for other degree programs in liberal arts, business, life sciences, and so forth

Foreword

Acknowledgments

Part 1: Minds-On

Chapter 1: What Engineers do

1.1 Introduction

1.2 What Do Engineers Do?

1.3 What Makes a “Good” Engineer?

1.4 What This Book Covers

1.5 Personal and Professional Ethics

1.6 What Are Professional Ethics?

1.7 Engineering Ethics Decision Matrix

1.8 What You Should Expect from This Book

Summary

Exercises

Chapter 2: Key Elements of Engineering Analysis

2.1 Engineering Analysis

2.2 The SI Unit System

2.3 Force, Weight, and Mass

2.4 Significant Figures

Summary

Exercises

Chapter 3: Solving Problems and Spreadsheet Analyses

3.1 The Need–Know–How–Solve Method

3.2 Spreadsheet Analysis

3.3 Graphing in Spreadsheets

Summary

Exercises

Chapter 4: Energy: Kinds, Conversion, and Conservation

4.1 Using Energy

4.2 Energy Is the Capability to Do Work

4.3 Kinds of Energy

4.4 Energy Conversion

4.5 Conservation of Energy

Summary

Exercises

Chapter 5: Chemical Energy and Chemical Engineering

5.1 Chemical Energy Conversion

5.2 Atoms, Molecules, and Chemical Reactions

5.3 The mol and the kmol

5.4 Stoichiometry

5.5 The Heating Value of Hydrocarbon Fuels

5.6 How Do You Make Chemical Fuels?

Summary

Exercises

Chapter 6: Mechanical Engineering

6.1 The Otto Cycle

6.2 Modeling the Power Output of the Otto Cycle

6.3 The Diesel Cycle

6.4 The Brayton Cycle

6.5 Motion

6.6 Improving the Otto, Diesel, and Brayton Cycles

6.7 Another Vision of the Future

Summary

Exercises

Chapter 7: Electrical Engineering

7.1 Electrical Circuits

7.2 Resistance, Ohm’s Law, and the “Power Law”

7.3 Series and Parallel Circuits

7.4 Kirchhoff’s Laws

7.5 Switches

Summary

Exercises

Chapter 8: Electrochemical Engineering and Alternate Energy Sources

8.1 Electrochemistry

8.2 Principles of Electrochemical Engineering

8.3 Lead-Acid Batteries

8.4 The Ragone Chart

8.5 Electrochemical Series

8.6 Advanced Batteries

8.7 Fuel Cells

8.8 Ultracapacitors

Summary

Exercises

Chapter 9: Logic and Computers

9.1 Moore’s Law

9.2 Analog Computers

9.3 From Analog to Digital Computing

9.4 Binary Logic

9.5 Truth Tables

9.6 Decimal and Binary Numbers

9.7 Binary Arithmetic

9.8 Binary Codes

9.9 How Does a Computer Work?

Summary

Exercises

Chapter 10: Control System Design and Mechatronics

10.1 What Is Mechatronics?

10.2 Modeling the Control System as a Block Diagram

10.3 Selecting a Control Strategy

10.4 Transient Control Theory

10.5 Global Warming and Positive Feedback

10.6 Drive-by-Wire

10.7 Implementing the Chosen Strategy in Hardware

Summary

Exercises

Chapter 11: Materials Engineering

11.1 Choosing the Right Material

11.2 Strength

11.3 Defining Materials Requirements

11.4 Materials Selection

11.5 Properties of Modern Materials

Summary

Exercises

Chapter 12: Civil Engineering: the Art and Engineering of Bridge Design

12.1 The Beauty of Bridges

12.2 Free-Body Diagrams and Static Equilibrium

12.3 Structural Elements

12.4 Efficient Structures

12.5 The Method of Joints

12.6 Solution of Large Problems

12.7 Designing with Factors of Safety

Summary

Exercises

Chapter 13: Engineering Kinematics

13.1 What Is Kinematics?

13.2 Distance, Speed, Time, and Acceleration

13.3 The Speed Versus Time Diagram

13.4 Applying Kinematics to the Highway On-Ramp Problem

13.5 General Equations of Kinematics

13.6 The Highway Capacity Diagram

13.7 The Rotational Kinematics of Gears

Summary

Exercises

Chapter 14: Bioengineering

14.1 What Do Bioengineers Do?

14.2 Biological Implications of Injuries to the Head

14.3 Why Collisions Can Kill

14.4 The Fracture Criterion

14.5 The Stress–Speed–Stopping Distance–Area Criterion

14.6 Criteria for Predicting Effects of Potential Accidents

Summary

Exercises

Chapter 15: Manufacturing Engineering

15.1 What Is Manufacturing?

15.2 Early Manufacturing

15.3 Industrial Revolution

15.4 Manufacturing Processes

15.5 Modern Manufacturing

15.6 Variability, Deming, and Six Sigma

Summary

Exercises

Chapter 16: Engineering Economics

16.1 Why Is Economics Important?

16.2 The Cost of Money

16.3 When Is an Investment Worth It?

Summary

Exercises

Part 2: Hands-On

Chapter 17: Introduction to Engineering Design

17.1 The Nature of Engineering Design

17.2 Design Problems Versus Homework Problems

17.3 Benefits of a Hands-On Design Project

17.4 Qualities of a Good Designer

17.5 How to Manage a Design Project

17.6 Two Ground Rules for Design

17.7 The Need for a Systematic Approach

17.8 Steps in the Engineering Design Process

17.9 Hands-On Design Exercise: The Tower

Chapter 18: Design Step 1: Defining the Problem

18.1 Problem Definition

18.2 List of Specifications

18.3 Design Milestone: Clarification of the Task

Chapter 19: Design Step 2: Generation of Alternative Concepts

19.1 Brainstorming

19.2 Concept Sketching

19.3 Hands-on Design Exercise: The Tube

19.4 Research-Based Strategies for Promoting Creativity

19.5 Functional Decomposition for Complex Systems

19.6 Design Milestone: Generation of Alternatives

Chapter 20: Design Step 3: Evaluation of Alternatives and Selection of a Concept

20.1 Minimize the Information Content of the Design

20.2 Maintain the Independence of Functional Requirements

20.3 Design for Ease of Manufacture

20.4 Design for Robustness

20.5 Design for Adjustability

20.6 Hands-on Design Exercise: Waste Ball

20.7 The Decision Matrix

20.8 Design Milestone: Evaluation of Alternatives

Chapter 21: Design Step 4: Detailed Design

21.1 Analysis

21.2 Experiments

21.3 Models

21.4 Detailed Drawings

21.5 Design Milestone: Detailed Design

Chapter 22: Design Step 5: Design Defense

22.1 Design Milestone: Oral Design Defense

Chapter 23: Design Step 6: Manufacturing and Testing

23.1 Manufacturing and Testing Strategies

23.2 Materials

23.3 Joining Methods

23.4 Useful Hand Tools

23.5 Design Milestone: Design for Manufacture Assessment I

23.6 Design Milestone: Design for Manufacture Assessment II

Chapter 24: Design Step 7: Performance Evaluation

24.1 Individual Performance Testing

24.2 The Final Competition

24.3 Design Milestone: Individual Performance Testing

Chapter 25: Design Step 8: Design Report

25.1 Organization of the Report

25.2 Writing Guidelines

25.3 Design Milestone: Design Report

Chapter 26: Examples of Design Competitions

26.1 Design Competition Example 1: A Bridge Too Far

26.2 Design Milestone Solutions for A Bridge Too Far

26.3 Official Rules for the A Bridge Too Far Design Competition

26.4 Design Competition Example 2: The Mars Meteorite Retriever Challenge

26.5 Some Design Milestones for the Mars Meteorite Retriever Challenge

26.6 Official Rules for the Mars Meteorite Retriever Challenge Design Competition

Chapter 27: Closing Remarks on the Important Role of Design Projects

Postface

Index