Exploring Engineering
An Introduction to Engineering and Design
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Exploring Engineering: An Introduction to Engineering and Design, Second Edition, provides an introduction to the engineering profession. It covers both classical engineering and emerging fields, such as bioengineering, nanotechnology, and mechatronics. The book is organized into two parts. Part 1 provides an overview of the engineering discipline. It begins with a discussion of what engineers do and then covers topics such as the key elements of engineering analysis; problems solving and spreadsheet analyses; and the kinds, conversion, and conservation of energy. The book also discusses key concepts drawn from the fields of chemical engineering; mechanical engineering; electrical engineering; electrochemical engineering; materials engineering; civil engineering; engineering kinematics; bioengineering; manufacturing engineering; and engineering economics. Part 2 focuses on the steps in the engineering design process. It provides content for a Design Studio, where students can design and build increasingly complex engineering system. It also presents examples of design competitions and concludes with brief remarks about the importance of design projects.
Key Features
- Organized in two parts to cover both the concepts and practice of engineering: Part I, Minds On, introduces the fundamental physical, chemical and material bases for all engineering work while Part II, Hands On, provides opportunity to do design projects
- An Engineering Ethics Decision Matrix is introduced in Chapter 1 and used throughout the book to pose ethical challenges and explore ethical decision-making in an engineering context
- Lists of "Top Engineering Achievements" and "Top Engineering Challenges" help put the material in context and show engineering as a vibrant discipline involved in solving societal problems
New to this edition: - Additional discussions on what engineers do, and the distinctions between engineers, technicians, and managers (Chapter 1)
- New coverage of Renewable Energy and Environmental Engineering helps emphasize the emerging interest in Sustainable Engineering
- New discussions of Six Sigma in the Design section, and expanded material on writing technical reports
- Re-organized and updated chapters in Part I to more closely align with specific engineering disciplines
new end of chapter excercises throughout the book
Readership
* Freshman undergraduate students entering 4-year engineering programs, including those with declared or intended majors in all engineering areas such as mechanical, electrical, chemical, industrial, and civil engineering
* Freshman undergraduate students who are taking an Introduction to Engineering Course either as a requirement for a technical degree or as an elective for science and technology requirements for other degree programs in liberal arts, business, life sciences, and so forth
* Freshman undergraduate students who are taking an Introduction to Engineering Course either as a requirement for a technical degree or as an elective for science and technology requirements for other degree programs in liberal arts, business, life sciences, and so forth
Table of Contents
Foreword
Acknowledgments
Part 1: Minds-On
Chapter 1: What Engineers do
1.1 Introduction
1.2 What Do Engineers Do?
1.3 What Makes a “Good” Engineer?
1.4 What This Book Covers
1.5 Personal and Professional Ethics
1.6 What Are Professional Ethics?
1.7 Engineering Ethics Decision Matrix
1.8 What You Should Expect from This Book
Summary
Exercises
Chapter 2: Key Elements of Engineering Analysis
2.1 Engineering Analysis
2.2 The SI Unit System
2.3 Force, Weight, and Mass
2.4 Significant Figures
Summary
Exercises
Chapter 3: Solving Problems and Spreadsheet Analyses
3.1 The Need–Know–How–Solve Method
3.2 Spreadsheet Analysis
3.3 Graphing in Spreadsheets
Summary
Exercises
Chapter 4: Energy: Kinds, Conversion, and Conservation
4.1 Using Energy
4.2 Energy Is the Capability to Do Work
4.3 Kinds of Energy
4.4 Energy Conversion
4.5 Conservation of Energy
Summary
Exercises
Chapter 5: Chemical Energy and Chemical Engineering
5.1 Chemical Energy Conversion
5.2 Atoms, Molecules, and Chemical Reactions
5.3 The mol and the kmol
5.4 Stoichiometry
5.5 The Heating Value of Hydrocarbon Fuels
5.6 How Do You Make Chemical Fuels?
Summary
Exercises
Chapter 6: Mechanical Engineering
6.1 The Otto Cycle
6.2 Modeling the Power Output of the Otto Cycle
6.3 The Diesel Cycle
6.4 The Brayton Cycle
6.5 Motion
6.6 Improving the Otto, Diesel, and Brayton Cycles
6.7 Another Vision of the Future
Summary
Exercises
Chapter 7: Electrical Engineering
7.1 Electrical Circuits
7.2 Resistance, Ohm’s Law, and the “Power Law”
7.3 Series and Parallel Circuits
7.4 Kirchhoff’s Laws
7.5 Switches
Summary
Exercises
Chapter 8: Electrochemical Engineering and Alternate Energy Sources
8.1 Electrochemistry
8.2 Principles of Electrochemical Engineering
8.3 Lead-Acid Batteries
8.4 The Ragone Chart
8.5 Electrochemical Series
8.6 Advanced Batteries
8.7 Fuel Cells
8.8 Ultracapacitors
Summary
Exercises
Chapter 9: Logic and Computers
9.1 Moore’s Law
9.2 Analog Computers
9.3 From Analog to Digital Computing
9.4 Binary Logic
9.5 Truth Tables
9.6 Decimal and Binary Numbers
9.7 Binary Arithmetic
9.8 Binary Codes
9.9 How Does a Computer Work?
Summary
Exercises
Chapter 10: Control System Design and Mechatronics
10.1 What Is Mechatronics?
10.2 Modeling the Control System as a Block Diagram
10.3 Selecting a Control Strategy
10.4 Transient Control Theory
10.5 Global Warming and Positive Feedback
10.6 Drive-by-Wire
10.7 Implementing the Chosen Strategy in Hardware
Summary
Exercises
Chapter 11: Materials Engineering
11.1 Choosing the Right Material
11.2 Strength
11.3 Defining Materials Requirements
11.4 Materials Selection
11.5 Properties of Modern Materials
Summary
Exercises
Chapter 12: Civil Engineering: the Art and Engineering of Bridge Design
12.1 The Beauty of Bridges
12.2 Free-Body Diagrams and Static Equilibrium
12.3 Structural Elements
12.4 Efficient Structures
12.5 The Method of Joints
12.6 Solution of Large Problems
12.7 Designing with Factors of Safety
Summary
Exercises
Chapter 13: Engineering Kinematics
13.1 What Is Kinematics?
13.2 Distance, Speed, Time, and Acceleration
13.3 The Speed Versus Time Diagram
13.4 Applying Kinematics to the Highway On-Ramp Problem
13.5 General Equations of Kinematics
13.6 The Highway Capacity Diagram
13.7 The Rotational Kinematics of Gears
Summary
Exercises
Chapter 14: Bioengineering
14.1 What Do Bioengineers Do?
14.2 Biological Implications of Injuries to the Head
14.3 Why Collisions Can Kill
14.4 The Fracture Criterion
14.5 The Stress–Speed–Stopping Distance–Area Criterion
14.6 Criteria for Predicting Effects of Potential Accidents
Summary
Exercises
Chapter 15: Manufacturing Engineering
15.1 What Is Manufacturing?
15.2 Early Manufacturing
15.3 Industrial Revolution
15.4 Manufacturing Processes
15.5 Modern Manufacturing
15.6 Variability, Deming, and Six Sigma
Summary
Exercises
Chapter 16: Engineering Economics
16.1 Why Is Economics Important?
16.2 The Cost of Money
16.3 When Is an Investment Worth It?
Summary
Exercises
Part 2: Hands-On
Chapter 17: Introduction to Engineering Design
17.1 The Nature of Engineering Design
17.2 Design Problems Versus Homework Problems
17.3 Benefits of a Hands-On Design Project
17.4 Qualities of a Good Designer
17.5 How to Manage a Design Project
17.6 Two Ground Rules for Design
17.7 The Need for a Systematic Approach
17.8 Steps in the Engineering Design Process
17.9 Hands-On Design Exercise: The Tower
Chapter 18: Design Step 1: Defining the Problem
18.1 Problem Definition
18.2 List of Specifications
18.3 Design Milestone: Clarification of the Task
Chapter 19: Design Step 2: Generation of Alternative Concepts
19.1 Brainstorming
19.2 Concept Sketching
19.3 Hands-on Design Exercise: The Tube
19.4 Research-Based Strategies for Promoting Creativity
19.5 Functional Decomposition for Complex Systems
19.6 Design Milestone: Generation of Alternatives
Chapter 20: Design Step 3: Evaluation of Alternatives and Selection of a Concept
20.1 Minimize the Information Content of the Design
20.2 Maintain the Independence of Functional Requirements
20.3 Design for Ease of Manufacture
20.4 Design for Robustness
20.5 Design for Adjustability
20.6 Hands-on Design Exercise: Waste Ball
20.7 The Decision Matrix
20.8 Design Milestone: Evaluation of Alternatives
Chapter 21: Design Step 4: Detailed Design
21.1 Analysis
21.2 Experiments
21.3 Models
21.4 Detailed Drawings
21.5 Design Milestone: Detailed Design
Chapter 22: Design Step 5: Design Defense
22.1 Design Milestone: Oral Design Defense
Chapter 23: Design Step 6: Manufacturing and Testing
23.1 Manufacturing and Testing Strategies
23.2 Materials
23.3 Joining Methods
23.4 Useful Hand Tools
23.5 Design Milestone: Design for Manufacture Assessment I
23.6 Design Milestone: Design for Manufacture Assessment II
Chapter 24: Design Step 7: Performance Evaluation
24.1 Individual Performance Testing
24.2 The Final Competition
24.3 Design Milestone: Individual Performance Testing
Chapter 25: Design Step 8: Design Report
25.1 Organization of the Report
25.2 Writing Guidelines
25.3 Design Milestone: Design Report
Chapter 26: Examples of Design Competitions
26.1 Design Competition Example 1: A Bridge Too Far
26.2 Design Milestone Solutions for A Bridge Too Far
26.3 Official Rules for the A Bridge Too Far Design Competition
26.4 Design Competition Example 2: The Mars Meteorite Retriever Challenge
26.5 Some Design Milestones for the Mars Meteorite Retriever Challenge
26.6 Official Rules for the Mars Meteorite Retriever Challenge Design Competition
Chapter 27: Closing Remarks on the Important Role of Design Projects
Postface
Index
Product details
- No. of pages: 464
- Language: English
- Copyright: © Academic Press 2009
- Published: September 5, 2009
- Imprint: Academic Press
- eBook ISBN: 9780080884462
About the Authors
Philip Kosky
Dr. Kosky spent two years at the Atomic Energy Research Establishment in the UK before joining the GE Research Center Schenectady, NY where he was a career scientist and engineer until retiring in 2001. From 2001 to 2007 he was a Distinguished Research Professor of Engineering at Union College. He has written nearly 200 publications and other reports including about 25 patents.
Affiliations and Expertise
Professor of Mechanical Engineering (Retired), Union College, Schenectady, N.Y., USA; formerly Staff Scientist, GE Research Laboratory, Niskayuna, NY, USA
Robert Balmer
Dr. Balmer has worked as an engineer at the Bettis Atomic Power Laboratory and at various DuPont facilities. He has over 40 years of engineering teaching experience and has authored 70 technical publications and the Elsevier undergraduate engineering textbook Modern Engineering Thermodynamics.
Affiliations and Expertise
Mechanical Engineering Professor Emeritus,University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee; Dean Emeritus, Engineering and Computer Science, Union College, Schenectady NY, USA
William Keat
Dr. Keat has been teaching design for 20 years, in courses ranging from freshman engineering to a graduate course in design methodology. Has been awarded two Pi Tau Sigma Outstanding Teacher Awards and two first place finishes at the Mini-Baja East Competition while serving as an advisor.
Affiliations and Expertise
Professor of Mechanical Engineering, Union College, Schenectady, NY, USA
George Wise
Dr. Wise is a former communications specialist and historian at General Electric's Global Research Center in Niskayuna, NY. After retiring from GE he served as Deputy Director of the Dudley Observatory, Schenectady, NY and Adjunct Professor of Mechanical Engineering at Union College. He has authored two books and numerous papers on the history of science and technology, winning the Usher Prize of the Society for History of Technology for one of them.
Affiliations and Expertise
Formerly Adjunct Professor of Mechanical Engineering, Union College, Schenectady, N.Y., USA; also Technical Staff and Communication Specialist, GE Research Laboratory, Niskayuma, NY, USA