Experimental Endocrinology
A Sourcebook of Basic Techniques
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Experimental Endocrinology: A Sourcebook of Basic Techniques focuses on techniques and methodologies used in conducting experiments on endocrinology. The manual discusses the sources, nature, action, and assays of hormones and estrogens. Biosynthesis, metabolism, and mechanisms of action of hormones; sites of estrogen formation; and biogenesis, metabolism, and mechanism of action are discussed. The book also focuses on the nature, action, and assays of progestogens, relaxin, androgens, epinephrine and norepinephrine, adrenal corticoids, and thyroid hormones. Experiments are presented to show the varying effects of these hormones on animals. The manual also focuses on somatotropin, corticotropin, and thyrotropin. Sites of formation; nature of the hormones; action of STH, ACTH, and TSH; and biogenesis, metabolism, and mechanism of action are discussed. The book also discusses gonadotropins, oxytocin, vasopressin, and melanocyte stimulating hormone; parathormone; insulin and glucagon; and invertebrate hormones. The manual is a reliable source of information for students and readers interested in studying endocrinology.
Table of Contents
Preface
Chapter1 Introduction
Sources of the Hormones
Nature of the Hormones
Action of the Hormones
The Assay of Hormones
Biosynthesis, Metabolism, and Mechanisms of Action of Hormones
Useful References in Endocrinology
Chapter 2 The Estrogens
Sites of Estrogen Formation
Nature of the Estrogens
Action of the Estrogens
The Assay of Estrogen
Biogenesis, Metabolism, and Mechanism of Action
Antihormones
Experiment 2-1. The Estrous Cycle
Experiment 2-2. Cyclic Running Activity and the Estrous Cycle
Experiment 2-3. Ovariectomy: Rat, Mouse, Guinea Pig
Experiment 2-4. Bioassay of Estrogens by the Vaginal Smear Technique
Experiment 2-5. Uterine Atrophy Following Castration
Experiment 2-6. Bioassay of Estrogens by the Increase in Uterine Weight
Experiment 2-7. The Effect of Estrogen on Oviduct Weight of the Immature Bird
Experiment 2-8. A Microbioassay Estrogen
Experiment 2-9. Suppressive Action of Various Steroids on Estradiol-Induced Uterine Growth
Experiment 2-10. Weight, Water Content, and Spontaneous Activity of the Uterus during the Estrous Cycle
Experiment 2-11. The Action of Estrogen on Serum Calcium Levels
Experiment 2-12. Extraction and Purification of Estrogens from Urine
Experiment 2-13. Modified Kober Reaction for Use with Purified Extracts Prepared in Experiment 2-12
Experiment 2-14. Extraction of Estrogens from Urine of Pregnancy (Simplified Procedure)
Experiment 2-15. Colorimetric Estimation of Urinary Estrogens by the Kober Reaction (Simplified Procedure)
Experiment 2-16. Fluorometric Estimation of Estrogens (Simplified Procedure)
References
Chapter 3 The Progestogens
Sites of Progestogen Formation
Nature of the Progestogens
Action of the Progestogens
The Assay of Progestogens
Biogenesis, Metabolism, and Mechanism of Action
Experiment 3-1. The Induction of Pseudopregnancy
Experiment 3-2. The Decidual Cell Reaction
Experiment 3-3. Assay of Progesterone by the Decidual Cell Response
Experiment 3-4. The Assay of Progesterone by Measures of Endometrial Proliferation
Experiment 3-5. The Assay of Progestogens by Stromal Cell Hypertrophy of the Mouse Uterus
Experiment 3-6. Assay of Progesterone by Estimation cf Carbonic Anhydrase of the Uterus
Experiment 3-7. Effects of Estrogen and Progesterone on the Maintenance of Gestation
Experiment 3-8. Extraction and Estimation of Pregnanediol from Urine
References
Chapter 4 Relaxin
Sites of Relaxin Formation
Nature of Relaxin
Action of Relaxin
The Assay of Relaxin
Biogenesis, Metabolism, and Mechanism of Action
Experiment 4-1. Relaxation of the Pubic Symphysis of the Guinea Pig
Experiment 4-2. The Action of Relaxin on the Interpubic Ligament of the Mouse
Experiment 4-3. Measurement of the Interpubic Ligament of the Mouse during Gestation
Experiment 4-4. Inhibition of Contractions of the Uterus
References
Chapter 5 The Androgens
Sites of Androgen Production
Nature of the Androgens
Action of the Androgens
The Assay of Androgens
Biogenesis, Metabolism, and Mechanism of Action
Antiandrogens
Experiment 5-1. Orchidectomy in the Rodent
Experiment 5-2. Caponization of the Cockerel
Experiment 5-3. The Bioassay of Androgens by the Chick Comb Method
Experiment 5-4. The Bioassay of Androgens in the Rat or Mouse
Experiment 5—5. Androgenic Activity of Different Steroids
Experiment 5-6. Total Neutral 17-Ketosteroid Determination
Experiment 5-7. Myotropic Action of Androgens as Demonstrated by the Levator Ani Test
Experiment 5-8. The Effect of Androgens on Renal ß-Glucuronidase
Experiment 5-9. Electroejaculatory Test
Experiment 5-10. Male Sexual Behavior
Experiment 5—11. Fighting Behavior in Male Mice
References
Chapter 6 Epinephrine and Norepinephrine
Sites of Formation
Nature of Epinephrine and Norepinephrine
Action of Epinephrine and Norepinephrine
Assay of the Medullary Hormones
Biogenesis, Metabolism, and Mechanism of Action
Experiment 6-1. Adrenal Demedullation
Experiment 6-2. Liver Glycogenolysis
Experiment 6-3. Effect of Catechol Amines on Blood Sugar
Experiment 6-4. Effect of Epinephrine on Corticotropin Release
Experiment 6-5. Smooth Muscle Contractions
Experiment 6-6. Effect of Catechol Amines on Blood Pressure
Experiment 6-7. Determination of Catechol Amines
References
Chapter 7 The Adrenal Corticoids
Sites of Formation of the Adrenal Corticoids
The Nature of the Adrenal Corticoids
Action of the Adrenal Corticoids
The Assay of the Adrenal Corticoids
Biogenesis, Metabolism, and Mechanism of Action
Synthetic Corticoids and Anticorticoids
Experiment 7-1. Adrenalectomy
Experiment 7-2. Self-Selection of Drinking Fluids by the Adrenalectomized Rat
Experiment 7-3. Survival of Adrenalectomized Rats
Experiment 7-4. Survival at Low Temperature
Experiment 7-5. Eosinophil Depletion
Experiment 7-6. Muscle Work
Experiment 7-7. Changes in Chemical Constituents of the Adrenal Gland
Experiment 7-8. Histology and Histochemistry of the Adrenal Cortex
Experiment 7-9. Paper Chromatographic Separation of Corticoids
Experiment 7-10. Determination of Plasma and Adrenal Corticosterone in the Rat
Experiment 7-11. Effect of Corticoids on Carbohydrate Metabolism: Steroid Diabetes in the Bird
Experiment 7-12. Effect of Corticoids on Carbohydrate Metabolism: Deposition of Liver Glycogen in the Bird
Experiment 7-13. Effect of Corticoids on Liver Glycogen Deposition in the Rat or Mouse
References
Chapter 8 The Thyroid Hormones
Site of Formation
Nature of Thyroid Hormones
Action of Thyroxine
Assay of Thyroxine
Biosynthesis, Mode of Action, and Metabolism of the Thyroid Hormone
Antithyroidal Agents
Experiment 8-1. Thyroidectomy in the Rat
Experiment 8-2a. Oxygen Consumption in the Rat: Effect of Thyroid and Antithyroidal Agents
Experiment 8-2b. Instructions for Using Respirometer
Experiment 8-3. Influence of Thyroid Function on Survival under Anoxic Conditions
Experiment 8-4. Metamorphosis of Tadpoles
Experiment 8-5. Protein-Bound Iodine
Experiment 8-6. Thyroid and Plasma Cholesterol
Experiment 8-7. Rate of Radioiodine Uptake by the Thyroid Gland of the Rat
Experiment 8-8. T3 Binding by Erythrocytes as a Diagnostic Test for Thyroid Function
Experiment 8-9. Determination of the Rate of Thyroxine Secretion
References
Chapter 9 Somatotropin, Corticotropin, and Thyrotropin
Sites of Formation
Nature of the Hormones
Action of STH, ACTH, and TSH
Assay of Somatotropin, Corticotropin, and Thyrotropin
Biogenesis, Metabolism, and Mechanism of Action
Experiment 9-1. Growth Stimulation in Mice or Rats
Experiment 9-2. Preparation of a Pituitary Growth Hormone Extract
Experiment 9-3. Response of the Tibia to Somatotropin
Experiment 9-4. Effect of Corticotropin (ACTH) on Adrenal Weight of the Bird
Experiment 9-4a. Effect of ACTH on the Adrenal Weight of the Rat
Experiment 9-5. Effect of Corticotropin on Adrenal Ascorbic Acid and Cholesterol Levels
Experiment 9-6. In Vitro Steroidogenesis with ACTH
Experiment 9-7. Thyrotropin and the Thyroid Gland Weight of the Chick
Experiment 9-8. Direct Measurement of Thyroid Epithelial Height as an Index of Thyrotropic Action
Experiment 9-9. Experimental Exophthalmos in Fish
Experiment 9-10. Thyroid Depletion of Radioiodine
References
Chapter 10 The Gonadotropins
Site of Formation
Nature of the Gonadotropins
Action of the Gonadotropins
Assay of the Gonadotropins
Biogenesis, Metabolism, and Mechanism of Action
Experiment 10-1. Hypophysectomy, Parapharyngeal Approach
Experiment 10-2. Hypophysectomy, Intra-aural Method
Experiment 10-3. Hypophysectomy of the Chicken
Experiment 10-4. Transplantation of the Hypophysis
Experiment 10-5. Parabiosis in Rats
Experiment 10-6. The Production of Electrolytic Lesions in the Hypothalamus
Experiment 10-7. The Extraction of Human Pituitary Gonadotropins from Urine—Kaolin Adsorption Method
Experiment 10-8. The Extraction of Human Pituitary Gonadotropins from Urine—Alcohol Precipitation Method
Experiment 10-9. The Assay of FSH by Increase in Uterine Weight of the Mouse
Experiment 10-10. The Assay of FSH by HCG Augmentation
Experiment 10-11. The Assay of LH by Increase in Weight of the Ventral Prostate Gland of the Rat
Experiment 10-12. Superovulation with LH or HCG
Experiment 10-13. Assay of LH by Depletion of Ascorbic Acid of the Ovary
Experiment 10-14. The Assay of HCG by Vaginal Cornification
Experiment 10-15. The Assay of Prolactin by the Pigeon Crop Sac Method
Experiment 10-16. Diagnosis of Pregnancy by the Presence of HCG in Urine
References
Chapter 11 Oxytocin, Vasopressin, and Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone
Sites of Hormone Formation
Nature of the Neurohypophyseal Hormones
Action of the Neurohypophyseal Hormones
The Assay of Posterior Pituitary Hormones
Biogenesis, Metabolism, and Mechanism of Action
Sites of Formation of MSH
Nature of the Hormones of the Pars Intermedia
Action of MSH
The Assay of MSH
Biogenesis, Metabolism, and Mechanism of Action
Experiment 11—1. Effect of Oxytocin and Vasopressin on Uterine Contractility
Experiment 11-2. Effect of Oxytocin on the Mammary Gland
Experiment 11-3. Assay for Oxytocic Substances
Experiment 11-4. Action of ADH in the Frog
Experiment 11-5. The Assay of ADH in the Rat
Experiment 11-6. The Assay of MSH by Use of the Melanophore Index
References
Chapter 12 Parathormone
Site of Formation
Nature of Parathormone
Action of Parathormone
Assay of Parathormone
Biogenesis, Metabolism, and Mechanism of Action
Experiment 12-1. Parathyroidectomy
Experiment 12-2. Withdrawal of Blood
Experiment 12-3. Parathyroidectomy, Survival Time, and Serum Calcium Levels
Experiment 12-4. Effect of Parathormone on Serum Calcium
Experiment 12-5. Self-Selection of Calcium
References
Chapter 13 Insulin and Glucagon
Sites of Formation
Nature of Insulin and Glucagon
Action of the Pancreatic Hormones
Assay of Pancreatic Hormones
Metabolism and Mechanisms of Action
Experiment 13-1. Pancreatectomy in the Rat
Experiment 13-2. Analysis of Urine and Blood
Experiment 13-3. Alloxan Diabetes
Experiment 13-4. Insulin Convulsions in Mice
Experiment 13-5. Insulin Hypoglycemia in the Rabbit
Experiment 13-6. Insulin Hypoglycemia in Fish
Experiment 13-7. Glucose Tolerance Response in Rats
Experiment 13-8. Effect of Insulin on the Uptake of Glucose by Isolated Muscle
Experiment 13-9. Hyperglycemic Agents
References
Chapter 14 The Invertebrate Hormones
Regulation of Molting and Growth in the Insecta
Regulation of Molting and Growth in the Crustacea: X-Organ and Y-Organ Hormones
Regulation of Reproduction; Hormones of the Corpus Allatum, X-Organ, and Medial Neurosecretory Brain Cells in Insects and Crustacea
Pigmentary Controls in Crustacea
Activity Rhythms
Pheromones
Regulation of Blood Carbohydrate Level
Regulation of the Rate of Heart Beat
Regulation of Water Balance
Experiment 14-1. Puparium Formation in Diptera
Experiment 14-2. Removal of the Lepidopteran Brain
Experiment 14-3. Juvenile Hormone and Allatectomy of the Cockroach
Experiment 14-4. Preparation of Isolated Abdomens of Lepidoptera
Experiment 14-5. Crustacean Eyestalks and Molting
Experiment 14-6. Eye Pigment Migration in Crustacea
Experiment 14-7. Control of Chromatophores in Crustacea
Experiment 14—8. Endocrine Control of Rhythmic Activity in Blattaria
Experiment 14-9. Control of Timing in the Rhythmic Activity of Blattaria
Experiment 14—10. Role of the Subesophageal Ganglia in Rhythmic Activity
Experiment 14-11. Caste Determination in Termites
References
Appendix
A-l. Guiding Principles in the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals
A-2. Animal Hormones
A-3. International Standard Units (IU)
A-4. Steroid Structures and Nomenclature
A-5. Vehicles for the Administration of Hormones
A-6. Solubility of Some Common Steroid Hormones
A-7. Anesthetic Dosage Table for Laboratory Animals
A-8. Physiological Fluids for Isolated Tissues
A-9. Miscellaneous Fluids
A-10. Scheme for Marking Animals by Ear Punch
A-ll. Sources and Maintenance of Invertebrates
Author Index
Subject Index
Product details
- No. of pages: 536
- Language: English
- Copyright: © Academic Press 1964
- Published: January 1, 1964
- Imprint: Academic Press
- eBook ISBN: 9780323146777