Exotic Plant Pests and North American Agriculture
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Exotic Plant Pests and North American Agriculture examines the threat posed by exotic pests introduced to North American agriculture. It considers the impact of introduced pests on humans, and it highlights the need for intensified research efforts and international cooperation to prevent further introductions. Organized into 17 chapters plus an epilogue, this volume begins with a historical overview of pest introductions, including insects and mites, and possible introductions in the future. It then discusses the impact of introduced weeds in North America; ecology and genetics of exotic species; how to detect and stop pest introductions; and research on exotic insects, plant pathogens, and weeds. The reader is also introduced to the use of exotic natural enemies for biological control of exotic pests, prediction of potential epidemics caused by exotic pests, insurance against exotic plant pathogens, and international cooperation on controlling exotic pests. Scientists, plant pathologists, ecologists, and those working in academics, government research laboratories, and regulatory agencies will benefit from reading this book.
Table of Contents
Contributors
Preface
1. Impact of Introduced Pests on Man
I. Diseases of Crop Plants
II. Weeds
III. Insects
References
2. History of Insect Introductions
I. introduction
II. Biogeographic Considerations
III. Modes of Entry
IV. Incremental Increase in Foreign Species, 1620-1980
V. Composition of Present Immigrant Fauna
VI. Economic Status of Immigrant Insects and Mites
VII. Geographic Origins of Immigrant Fauna
VIII. Conclusions
References
3. History of Plant Pathogen Introductions
I. Hypothesis
II. Logic
III. Plant Introduction as a Government Activity
IV. Entrance of Pathogens with Hosts
V. Return of Native Plants from Abroad
VI. Entrance of Pathogens without Hosts
VII. Entrance of Hosts without Pathogens
VIII. The Importance of Alternate Hosts
IX. The Importance of Vectors
X. Introduction of Pathogens by Travelers
XI. Variable Host Range
XII. Chance of Establishment
XIII. Changing Virulence of Pathogens
XIV. Changing Susceptibility of Hosts
XV. Pathogens Introduced into the United States
XVI. Pathogens Exported from the United States
XVII. Other Pathogens of World Interest
XVIII. Discussion
References
4. History of Weed Introductions
I. Introduction
II. The Importance of Introduced Weeds in North America
III. The Nature of Weeds
IV. Modes of Weed Introduction
V. A Chronicle of Weed Introductions in North America
VI. Legal Considerations
VII. Synopsis and Conclusions
References
5. Where Are the Exotic Insect Threats?
I. Introduction
II. Recognition of Insect Pest Species
III. Characteristics of Organisms That Influence Pest Status
IV. Domestic Pest Threats
V. Conclusions and Recommendations
References
6. Where Are the Exotic Disease Threats?
I. Introduction
II. Awareness of Exotic Diseases and Exotic Disease Threats
III. Realization or Actualization of Exotic Diseases in Our Agriculture
IV. Where Are the Exotic Diseases?
V. Conclusions
References
7. Where Are the Principal Exotic Weed Pests?
I. Definition of a Weed
II. Distribution of Weeds
III. Evaluating Exotic Plants
IV. Exotic Weeds That May Threaten U.S. Agriculture
V. Concluding Comments
Appendix 1
Appendix 2
References
8. Ecology and Genetics of Exotics
I. Introduction
II. Density Dependence and Density Independence
III. Temperature
IV. Moisture
V. Other Factors
VI. Biological Competition
VII. Natural versus Agricultural Ecosystems
VIII. Stability-Complexity of Natural Ecosystems
IX. Genetic Interactions
X. Conclusions
References
9. Stopping Pest Introductions
I. Legal Basis for Stopping Pest Introductions
II. Pest Risk Reduction System
III. Suppression and Eradication Programs for Introduced Exotics
IV. New Trends for New Problems
V. Conclusions
References
10. How to Detect and Combat Exotic Pests
I. Introduction
II. History of Regulatory Plant Protection
III. Exotic Component of the World Biotas
IV. Biological Basis of Regulatory Plant Protection
V. Plant Pest Information
VI. Integrated Approach to Plant Protection
VII. Plant Quarantine and Inspection
VIII. Pest Detection and Monitoring
IX. Regulatory Control Strategies
X. Conclusion and Summary
References
11. Research on Exotic Insects
I. Introduction
II. Research Approaches
III. Research Institutions
IV. Conclusions
Appendix 1
Appendix 2
Appendix 3
References
12. Research on Exotic Plant Pathogens
I. Introduction
II. How Well Can We Predict?
III. Potential of Exotic Pathogens
IV. Stopping the Would-Be Invaders
V. Preparing for Invasions
VI. What Should Our Focus Be?
References
13. Research on Exotic Weeds
I. Introduction
II. Research on Individual Species
III. Interaction of Exotic Weeds with Other Organisms
IV. Research on Control of Exotic Weeds
V. Conclusions
References
14. Biological Control: Exotic Natural Enemies to Control Exotic Pests
I. Introduction
II. Theory and Practice of Classical Biological Control
III. Factors Affecting Success in Classical Biological Control
IV. Summary and Conclusion
References
15. Prediction Capabilities for Potential Epidemics
I. Introduction
II. A Two-Part Problem
III. Modeling
References
16. Buying Insurance against Exotic Plant Pathogens
I. Introduction
II. Natural Diversity and Disease Loss
III. When Diversity Is Lacking
IV. Diversity in Agroecosystems as Insurance
V. Fungicides, Diversity, and Insurance
VI. Insurance Value of Different Types of Resistance
VII. Tolerance to Disease as Insurance
VIII. Geophytopathology and Insurance
IX. Concluding Remarks
References
17. International Cooperation on Controlling Exotic Pests
I. Introduction
II. International Plant Protection Convention
III. Regional Plant Protection Organizations
IV. International Programs, PPQ, APHIS, USDA
V. Conclusions
Appendix: Regional Plant Protection Organizations
References
Epilogue
Index
Product details
- No. of pages: 538
- Language: English
- Copyright: © Academic Press 1983
- Published: December 1, 1983
- Imprint: Academic Press
- eBook ISBN: 9780323146722
About the Editor
Charles Wilson
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