Evaluation of diagnostic systems
Free Global Shipping
No minimum orderDescription
Evaluation of Diagnostic Systems: Methods from Signal Detection Theory addresses the many issues that arise in evaluating the performance of a diagnostic system, across the wide range of settings in which such systems are used. These settings include clinical medicine, industrial quality control, environmental monitoring and investigation, machine and metals inspection, military monitoring, information retrieval, and crime investigation. The book is divided into three parts encompassing 11 chapters that emphasize the interpretation of diagnostic visual images by human observers. The first part of the book describes quantitative methods for measuring the accuracy of a system and the statistical techniques for drawing inferences from performance tests. The subsequent part covers study design and includes a detailed description of the form and conduct of an image-interpretation test. The concluding part examines the case study of a medical imaging system that serves as an example of both simple and complex applications. In this part, three mammographic modalities are used: industrial film radiography, low-dose film radiography, and xeroradiography. The case study focuses on the overall reliability of accuracy indices made by its main components, that is, the variabilities across cases, across readers, and within individual readers. The supplementary texts provide study protocols, a computer program for processing test results, and an extensive list of references that will assist the reader in applying those evaluative methods to diagnostic systems in any setting. This book is of value to scientists and engineers, as well as to applied, quantitative, or experimental psychologists who are engaged in the study of the human processes of discrimination and decision making in either perceptual or cognitive tasks.
Table of Contents
Preface
Acknowledgments
Introduction
The General Setting
The General Problem
The Proposed Solution
Four Types of Evaluation
General Issues in Test Design
Some Application Vignettes
Organization of This Book
Part I Quantitative Methods
Chapter 1 Fundamentals of Accuracy Analysis
1.1 Two Aspects of Performance
1.2 Analysis of Performance via the ROC Curve
1.3 Often Used, but Inadequate, Indices of Accuracy
1.4 Recommended Indices of Accuracy
1.5 A Computational Example
1.6 A Suitable Accuracy Index Based on One ROC Point
1.7 Indices of the Decision Criterion
1.8 Summary
Chapter 2 Extensions of Accuracy Analysis
2.1 Multiple Alternatives
2.2 Other Interpretations of ROC Data
2.3 Combining Individual Results into a Group or Average ROC
2.4 Summary
Chapter 3 Statistical Design of a Performance Test
3.1 Questions to Be Answered by the Reading Test
3.2 Logistic and Cost Constraints
3.3 General Approach to Statistical Analysis of Accuracy Data
3.4 The Degree of Statistical Power Required
3.5 Some Practical Rules for Study Design
3.6 Summary
Chapter 4 Statistical Treatment of Accuracy Results
4.1 Standard Error of the Accuracy Index
4.2 Confidence Interval of the Accuracy Index
4.3 Statistical Significance of a Difference between Modalities
4.4 Statistical Analysis of True-Positive Probability at a Fixed False-Positive Probability
4.5 Assumptions Underlying the Recommended Statistical Procedure
4.6 Tests Comparing More Than Two Modalities
4.7 Summary
Chapter 5 Forms of Efficacy Analysis
5.1 Cost-Benefit Analysis: A Conceptual Starting Point
5.2 Impediments to Cost-Benefit Analysis
5.3 Tailoring the Analysis to Suit the Situation
5.4 Setting the Efficacy Analysis at an Appropriate Level
5.5 Summary
Part II Experimental Methods
Chapter 6 Elements of Study Design
6.1 Developing Study Goals
6.2 Outlining the End Product
6.3 Planning the Collection of Data
6.4 Summary
Chapter 7 Procedure of a Performance Test
7.1 Case and Image Presentation
7.2 Response Format
7.3 Background Information Given Readers on Each Case
7.4 Timing of Trials and Sessions
7.5 Viewing Environment
7.6 Role of Test Administrator
7.7 Reader Orientation
7.8 Feedback to and from Readers
7.9 Summary
Chapter 8 Drawing the Original Case Sample
8.1 Functions of the Original Case Sample
8.2 Types of Data Collected on Each Case
8.3 Selecting a Representative Case Sample
8.4 Bias in Case Data
8.5 Required Size of the Original Case Sample
8.6 Summary
Chapter 9 Selection of Test Cases
9.1 Number of Cases for Adequate Representation
9.2 Proportional Representation of Case Types
9.3 Screening Out Inadequate Cases
9.4 Checking Representativeness of the Reading-Test Sample
9.5 Summary
Chapter 10 Selection of Test Readers
10.1 Number of Readers for Adequate Representation
10.2 Type of Reader
10.3 Summary
Part III A Methodological Case Study
Chapter 11 Illustrative Evaluation of Imaging Systems
11.1 Case Selection
11.2 Response Format
11.3 Experimental Design
11.4 Test Procedures
11.5 Reader Ratings of Image Quality
11.6 Accuracy Results
11.7 Correlational Analyses
11.8 Obtaining Estimates of Pure Variance and Correlation Terms
11.9 Discussion: Sizing a Final Study from a Pilot Study
Appendixes
Appendix A Sequence of Steps in Evaluation
Appendix B Representativeness of a Performance-Test Sample
Appendix C Illustrative Posttest Questionnaire
Appendix D Computer Program for Accuracy Analysis
Appendix E References to ROC Applications
References
Index
Product details
- No. of pages: 270
- Language: English
- Copyright: © Academic Press 1982
- Published: January 28, 1982
- Imprint: Academic Press
- eBook ISBN: 9780323141642
About the Author
John Swets
Ratings and Reviews
There are currently no reviews for "Evaluation of diagnostic systems"