Environmental and Health Management of Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19)

1st Edition - June 25, 2021
Editors: Mohammad Hadi Dehghani, Rama Rao Karri, Sharmili Roy
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 8 5 7 8 0 - 2
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 0 9 2 4 - 2

Environmental and Health Management of Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) examines mitigation measures that can be adopted at the time of a novel coronavirus outbreak to lessen… Read more

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Environmental and Health Management of Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) examines mitigation measures that can be adopted at the time of a novel coronavirus outbreak to lessen environmental contamination and impacts on human health. The book discusses origin, structure and pathogenesis, epidemiology, environmental transmission and the potential spread routes of COVID-19 via surfaces, air, water, wastewater, medical waste and food products. It also covers guidelines and protocols for setting safety conditions to provide adequate health care and reduce the risk of infection in health and non-healthcare settings, along with preventative measures and disinfection technologies.

In addition, the book discusses challenges, opportunities and future perspectives, the global crisis, and global consequences on the environment and health. With contributions from experts, this book presents a multidisciplinary reference resource for virologists, microbiologists, public health professionals, environmental health managers and others engaged in the study and mitigation of the environmental and health impacts of the virus.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Dedication
Contributors
Foreword
Preface
Acknowledgments
Introduction
Section I. Introduction, transmission routes and sampling technologies
Chapter 1. Updated insight into COVID-19 disease and health management to combat the pandemic
1.1. Introduction to SARS-CoV-2
1.2. Overview of SARS-CoV-2 virus
1.3. Conclusions
Chapter 2. Virus-sampling technologies in different environments
2.1. Introduction
2.2. Methods of SARS-CoV-2 air sampling
2.3. Literature review for SARS-CoV-2 sampling in air
2.4. Surface detection for SARS-CoV-2
2.5. Municipal wastewater for SARS-CoV-2 sampling
2.6. SARS-CoV-2 in urine and stool
2.7. SARS-CoV-2 sampling in food
2.8. SARS-CoV-2 detection techniques in air and surface samples
2.9. SARS-CoV-2 recognition in water
2.10. SARS-CoV-2 detection in solid wastes
2.11. Analysis techniques for SARS-CoV-2
2.12. Conclusion
Chapter 3. Mechanism and transmission routes of COVID-19
3.1. Origin and transmission of Sars-CoV-2
3.2. Incidence and risk factors for COVID-19 severity
3.3. SARS-CoV-2 transmission cycle
3.4. Conclusion
Section II. Remediation measures in waste and wastewater environments
Chapter 4. Presence, detection, and persistence of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater and the sustainable remedial measures
4.1. Introduction
4.2. Occurrence, detection, and persistence of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater, feces, slurry, or biosolids
4.3. Removal of viruses from water and wastewater environment
4.4. Virus removal techniques from wastewater
4.5. Mechanism of inactivation of coronaviruses in water environment using disinfectants
4.6. Measures to ensure the protection of personnel and wastewater treatment workers from contacting COVID-19
4.7. Conclusion
Chapter 5. A comprehensive study of COVID-19 in wastewater: occurrence, surveillance, and viewpoints on its remedy
5.1. Introduction
5.2. Wastewater: characterization and classification
5.3. Study of municipal wastewater: characterization and classification
5.4. Study of health care wastewater: characterization and classification
5.5. Characteristics of coronavirus
5.6. Occurrence and persistence of COVID-19 in wastewater
5.7. Detection of coronavirus in wastewater
5.8. Inactivation mechanism of COVID-19 in wastewater
5.9. Remedial approach
5.10. Conclusion and future perspectives
Chapter 6. Route of SARS-CoV-2 in sewerage and wastewater treatment plants: dilution, decay, removal, and environmental transmission
6.1. Introduction
6.2. Dilution of SARS-CoV-2 from the feces to the sewerage
6.3. SARS-CoV-2 load of in raw wastewater
6.4. The approach for SARS-CoV-2 detection in sewerage is an open issue
6.5. Decay of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater due to adverse environmental conditions
6.6. Reduction of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater treatment plants
6.7. Potential fecal-oral transmission associated with sewerage
6.8. Conclusions and future perspective
Chapter 7. Impediments of coronavirus in healthcare wastewater treatment and ways to ameliorate them
7.1. Introduction
7.2. Municipal wastewater: Definition, classification, and characterization
7.3. Healthcare wastewater (HWW)
7.4. Occurrence and survival of COVID-19 in wastewater, urine, and biosolids
7.5. Measures to the protection of personnel and wastewater treatment workers from contracting COVID-19
7.6. Recycling of PPE
7.7. Training for workers
7.8. Vaccination recommendation for workers
7.9. Conclusion
Chapter 8. Handling and treatment strategies of biomedical wastes and biosolids contaminated with SARS-CoV-2 in waste environment
8.1. Introduction
8.2. Solid wastes from health care units
8.3. Occurrence of virus in biomedical waste
8.4. A comparative study on viruses potentially similar to COVID-19
8.5. Survival of SARS-CoV-2 on different surfaces
8.6. Safe handling and management of health care waste generated through the care of COVID-19 patients
8.7. Collection, transport, and storage of waste
8.8. Treatment and disposal
8.9. Measures to protection of personnel and waste disposal workers from contracting COVID-19
8.10. Conclusion
Section III. Environmental and health management aspects
Chapter 9. Management of environmental health to prevent an outbreak of COVID-19: a review
9.1. Introduction
9.2. Environmental survival and transmission of SARS-CoV-2
9.3. Transmission of SARS-CoV-2
9.4. Waste management for COVID-19 and the impact of viral spread
9.5. Protection and disinfection policies against COVID-19
9.6. Concluding remarks and recommendations
Chapter 10. A review of deciphering the successes and learning from the failures in preventive and health policies to stop the COVID-19 pandemic
10.1. Introduction
10.2. Herd immunity approach
10.3. Lockdown and quarantine
10.4. Physical or social distancing
10.5. Mask wearing
10.6. Conclusion
Chapter 11. Food safety, hygiene, and awareness during combating of COVID-19
11.1. Introduction
11.2. Viruses and their transmission
11.3. Nanotechnology-based active and intelligent packaging on combating COVID-19
11.4. Food safety management system during COVID-19
11.5. Precautionary measures to control COVID-19 in the food sector
11.6. Bioactive compounds and their role in the prevention of coronavirus
11.7. Conclusion
Chapter 12. An overview of food safety and COVID-19 infection: nanotechnology and cold plasma applications, immune-boosting suggestions, hygienic precautions
12.1. Introduction
12.2. Food safety and COVID-19
12.3. Food packaging applications and SARS-CoV-2
12.4. Limitation of SARS-CoV-2 spread
12.5. Suggestions for consumers
12.6. Conclusion
Chapter 13. Public health management during COVID-19 and applications of point-of-care based biomolecular detection approaches
13.1. Overview of human coronavirus infections
13.2. Challenges for public health management during the COVID-19 pandemic
13.3. Importance of early diagnosis and treatment of SARS-CoV-2
13.4. Strategies adopted for the screening and detection of SARS-CoV-2
13.5. Nanobiosensing techniques for SARS-CoV-2 detection
13.6. Conclusion and future direction
Chapter 14. Prescription, over-the-counter (OTC), herbal, and other treatments and preventive uses for COVID-19
14.1. Introduction
14.2. Health literacy and drug utilization
14.3. Prescription drugs
14.4. Over-the-counter (OTC) drugs
14.5. Herbals
14.6. Unproven chemicals
14.7. Medication therapy management
14.8. Conclusion
Section IV. Challenges and opportunities faced due to COVID-19
Chapter 15. Addressing the global challenge of access to supplies during COVID-19: mask reuse and local production of alcohol-based hand rub
15.1. Introduction/background
15.2. Evidence in the literature of hand hygiene and masking for preventing transmission of SARS-CoV-2
15.3. The global situation since the beginning of the pandemic
15.4. Strategies to adapt
15.5. ABHR local production
15.6. Masks/filtering face piece respirators
15.7. Logistics
15.8. Conclusion
Chapter 16. Challenges, opportunities, and future perspectives
16.1. Introduction
16.2. The coronaviruses epidemic and the challenges and opportunities
16.3. Main challenges of environmental health engineering during prevention of COVID-19 pandemic
16.4. The mental health issues associated with the COVID-19 pandemic
16.5. COVID-19 global consequences and the future of the sustainable development goals
16.6. Lessons learned from COVID-19 outbreak
16.7. Main points
16.8. Conclusion
Index

Mohammad Hadi Dehghani

Prof. Dr. Mohammad Hadi Dehghani is a Full Professor at the Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran. His scientific research interest includes environmental science. He is an editorial board member, guest editor, and reviewer in many internal and international journals and is a member of several international science committees around the world. He has authored or edited 16 books and more than 230 full papers published in peer-reviewed journals.

Affiliations and expertise

Professor, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Tehran, Iran

Rama Rao Karri

Dr. Rama Rao Karri is a Professor (Sr. Asst) in the Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Brunei Darussalam. He has a Ph.D. from the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Delhi, Master’s from IIT Kanpur in Chemical Engineering. He has worked as a Post-Doctoral research fellow at NUS, Singapore for about six years and has over 18 years of working experience in Academics, Industry, and Research. He has experience of working in multidisciplinary fields and has expertise in various evolutionary optimization techniques and process modelling. He has published 150+ research articles in reputed journals, book chapters, and conference proceedings with a combined Impact factor of 611.43 and has an h-index of 28 (Scopus - citations: 2600+) and 27 (Google Scholar -citations: 3000+). He is an editorial board member in 10 renowned journals and a peer-review member for more than 93 reputed journals and has peer-reviewed more than 410 articles. Also, he handled 112 articles as an editor. He also has the distinction of being listed in the top 2% of the world’s most influential scientists in the area of environmental sciences and chemicals for the Years 2021 & 2022. The List of the Top 2% of Scientists in the World compiled and published by Stanford University is based on their international scientific publications, the number of scientific citations for research, and participation in the review and editing of scientific research. He held a position as Editor-in-Chief (2019-2021) in the International Journal of Chemoinformatics and Chemical Engineering, IGI Global, USA. He is also an Associate editor in Scientific Reports, Springer Nature & International Journal of Energy and Water Resources (IJEWR), Springer Inc. He is also a Managing Guest editor for Spl. Issues: 1) “Magnetic nanocomposites and emerging applications", in Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering (IF: 5.909), 2) “Novel CoronaVirus (COVID-19) in Environmental Engineering Perspective", in Journal of Environmental Science and Pollution Research (IF: 4.223), Springer. 3) “Nanocomposites for the Sustainable Environment”, in Applied Sciences Journal (IF: 2.679), MDPI. He along with his mentor, Prof. Venkateswarlu is authoring an Elsevier book, “Optimal state estimation for process monitoring, diagnosis, and control”. He is also co-editor and managing editor for 8 Elsevier, 1 Springer and 1 CRC edited books. Elsevier: 1) Sustainable Nanotechnology for Environmental Remediation, 2) Soft computing techniques in solid waste and wastewater management, 3) Green technologies for the defluoridation of water, 4) Environmental and health management of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), 5) Pesticides remediation technologies from water and wastewater: Health effects and environmental remediation, 6) Hybrid Nanomaterials for Sustainable Applications, 7) Sustainable materials for sensing and remediation of noxious pollutants. Springer: 1) Industrial wastewater treatment using emerging technologies for sustainability. CRC: 1) Recent Trends in Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) for micro-pollutant removal.

Affiliations and expertise

Senior Assistant Professor, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Brunei Darussalam

Sharmili Roy

Dr. Sharmili Roy is currently pursuing her second Post-Doctoral Research in Oncology / Medical Research at the Division of Oncology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, California, USA. She earned her PhD. from Universiti of Brunei Darussalam, Brunei under the supervision of Prof. Minhaz Uddin Ahmed. Prior to joining Stanford University, she worked for her first Post-Doctoral training at the Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, India as a National Post Doctorate holder (NPDF) funded by SERB, Government of India. Her current research is focused on the development of Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technology with various clinical samples, especially with many kinds of cancer DNA samples, molecular diagnostics on cancer, and DNA digital data storage process. She has expertized on point of care biosensors technology development based on Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) during her Ph.D. tenure. She has published several high impact factor research papers such as Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Analytical Methods, ACS sensors, Food Control, Food chemistry, Electroanalysis, 3 biotech, etc. Alongside, she has 3 USA patents, 5 book chapters, and 1 book with Prof. Chandra entitled," Diagnostic strategies for COVID-19 and other Coronaviruses" in Springer, May 2020 (https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9789811560057)

Affiliations and expertise

School of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA