Engineering Principles in Physiology

Volume 2

1st Edition - January 1, 1973
Editors: J. H. U. Brown, Donald S. Gann
Language: English
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 1 - 4 8 3 2 - 1 6 6 5 - 2

Engineering Principles in Physiology, Volume II covers the mechanisms of cardiovascular systems, respiration, and cellular processes. This volume is organized into three parts… Read more

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Engineering Principles in Physiology, Volume II covers the mechanisms of cardiovascular systems, respiration, and cellular processes. This volume is organized into three parts encompassing 17 chapters. The first part describes the structure, function, mechanical properties, circulation, and control of the cardiovascular system. This part also examines the mechanism of cardiac pump, the atrial electrical activity, and the venous system. The second part explores the interrelationships between the morphology, physiology, and control mechanisms of respiration. This part also considers the mathematical theory of renal function. The third part looks into the cellular dynamics and intracellular processes. This book will prove useful to physiologists, biomedical engineers, and workers in the related fields.

List of Contributors

Contents of Volume I

Part IV. The Cardiovascular System as an Integrative Mechanism

13. Structure and Function of the Peripheral Circulation

I. The General Organization of the Cardiovascular System

II. Concepts of Rheology

III. Architecture and Physical Properties of the Vascular System

IV. Models of the Cardiovascular System

References

14. The Circulation and Its Control I: Mechanical Properties of the Cardiovascular System

I. Introduction

II. The Cardiovascular Plant

References

15. The Circulation and Its Control II: Neural and Humoral Control of the Heart and Vessels

I. Multiple Controls of the Circulation

II. Nervous Control of Heart Rate

III. Control of Cardiac Contractility

IV. Neural Control of the Vessels

V. Humoral Control of the Vascular System

VI. Integration of Neural and Humoral Control

References

16. The Heart as a Pump

I. Introduction

II. Mechanics of Ventricular Contraction

III. The Cardiac Pump and the Circulation

References

17. Electrical Activity of the Heart

I. Introduction

II. Clinical Interpretation of ECG

III. Atrial Electrical Activity

IV. Polarization

V. Pathology

References

18. The Venous System

I. Introduction

II. The Parts of the System

III. The System as a Whole

IV. Transmural Pressures, the Respiratory Pump, and Venous Collapse

References

Part V. Energy Flow in the System—Input and Output

19. The Body as an Engine

I. Introduction

II. Information Content of the System

III. The Muscle as an Engine

IV. Total Energy of the System

V. The Energy Cycle

VI. Whole Body Metabolism

VII. Biological Work

Reference

20. The Respiratory Apparatus

I. Introduction

II. The Pulmonary Machine

III. Coordination of Ventilation and Perfusion

IV. Diffusion of Gases

V. The Artificial Lung

VI. The Energy Cost of Ventilation

VII. Summary

References

21. Regulation of Respiration: Interrelationships between Morphology, Physiology, and Control Mechanisms

I. Introduction

II. Metabolism as a Regulator

III. Gas Exchange

IV. Humoral Dependent Responses

V. Mechanics

VI. Pulmonary Function

VII. Postural Dynamics

VIII. Cardiovascular Interactions

IX. Voluntary and Protective Mechanisms

X. Control of Respiration

References

22. Oxygen Transport

I. Introduction

II. Blood as a Transport Medium

III. Transport of Oxygen in Blood

IV. Transport of Oxygen in Tissue

V. Control of Oxygen Transport

Symbols

References

23. The Mathematical Theory of Renal Function

I. Introduction

II. Functional Anatomy

III. Some General Mathematical and Physical Principles

IV. Overall Operation of the Kidney

V. Overall Operation of the Nephron

VI. Mathematical Theory of the Transport of Water and Solutes in the Proximal and Distal Convoluted Tubules

VII. The Medullary Counterflow System

VIII. Toward a Working Mathematical Model of the Kidney

Addendum

References

24. The Human Kidney

I. Introduction

II. General Considerations

III. Renal Control Mechanisms

IV. An Engineering Reconstruction

References

Part VI. The Fine Structure of the System—Intracellular Processes

25. Compartmental Approaches to Water and Electrolyte Distribution

I. Introduction

II. Compartment Theory

III. Simulation of Total Body Fluid Systems

IV. The Plasma-Red Cell Electrolyte Exchange System

Definitions

References

26. Cellular Dynamics

I. Introduction

II. Cell Structure

III. Cell Metabolism

IV. Metabolic Dynamics

V. The Steady State

References

27. Intracellular Processes

I. Introduction

II. Kinetics of the Intracellular Processes

III. Input of Materials

IV. Input-Output Balance

V. Control of Intracellular Processe

References

28. Diffusion as a Physiological Process

I. Introduction

II. Diffusive Mass Transfer in the Cornea

III. Convective Flow in the Cornea and Sclera

IV. Fluid Dynamics of Aqueous Humor Production and Outflow

V. Heat Transfer in the Eye

References

29. Ion Transport in Gastric Mucosa

I. Introduction

II. Anatomy and Physiology of the Stomach

III. Active Transport of H+ and Cl-

IV. Postulated Mechanisms to Explain HCl Production

V. Evidence for Electrogenicity

VI. Model to Explain Electrogenicity of H+ Mechanism

References

Author Index

Subject Index