Energy Metabolism

Studies in the Agricultural and Food Sciences: Energy Metabolism is a compilation of works on the energy metabolism in animals, especially animals of agricultural importance. The book is written by authoritative workers in the field and is divided into six parts; each chapter is based on a selected paper presented at the Eighth Symposium on Energy Metabolism held at Cambridge in September 1979. The text discusses feed evaluation; use of energy for maintenance and growth; and simulation models for energy exchange and growth. The book also covers the comparative aspects of energy metabolism; use of energy in production and lactation; and metabolic responses in the growing animal. The monograph is recommended for those who plan to study about energy metabolism of farm animals and its relationship with certain biological processes. The book will also appeal to those who develop feeds and methods that can help improve energy metabolism of farm animals.

Part 1 Feed Evaluation

1 Energy Utilization by Growing Cattle as Determined in 72 Comparative Slaughter Experiments

2 Influence of the Metabolizable Energy Content of the Diet on Energy Utilization for Growth in Bulls and Heifers

3 The Evaluation of the Energy in Forage by the Comparative Slaughter Technique

4 Energy Utilization in Sheep Fed Grass Silage and Hay

5 Calculation of Energy Value of Feedstuffs for Milk Production: Comparison of Various Feed Evaluation Systems

6 Influence of Dietary Composition on Site of Absorption and Efficiency of Utilization of Metabolizable Energy in Growing Pigs

7 Thermogenic Effect in Pigs of Diets Containing Wheat or Wheatfeed

8 The Effects of Dietary Protein, Carbohydrate, Fat and Fiber on the Net Availability of Metabolizable Energy in the Chick

9 Influence of Specially Extracted Soya Meal on Nitrogen and Energy Metabolism in the Preruminant Calf

10 Energy Utilization by Growing Calves: Effects of Age, Milk Intake and Feeding Level

11 The Predicted and Observed Metabolizable Energy Values of Mixtures of Maize Silage and Barley Fed to Cattle

12 Methane Production in Dairy Cows

13 A Study of the Nutritional Energetics of Sodium Hydroxide-Treated Straw Pellets in Rations Fed to Growing Lambs

14 Effects of Metabolizable Energy Content of Diet and Feeding Level on the Efficiency of Energy Utilization by Young Growing Lambs

15 The Influence of Dietary Energy Concentration on the Growth Efficiency of Ad Lib. Fed Pigs

16 The Influence of Microbial Metabolism in the Hind Gut of Roosters on Energy Utilization

17 Energy and Protein Efficiency of Some Diets in Axenic and Holoxenic Growing Chickens

18 Discussion Paper: Feed Evaluation, A Survey

19 General Discussion

Part 2 Use of Energy for Maintenance and Growth

20 Some Aspects of the Energy Metabolism of Growing Pigs Fed on Diets Containing Different Concentrations of Protein

21 Effect of Body Weight on Efficiency of Utilization of Energy and Protein in Pigs

22 Effect of Different Dietary Levels of Linoleic Acid on Energy Metabolism and Mitochondrial Activity in Young Pigs

23 Effect of Dietary Fat Level and Composition on Fat and Protein Retention and Efficiency of Energy Utilization by Male Castrate Pigs Between 13 and 40 Kg Live Weight

24 Energy Metabolism in Boars, Gilts and Barrows, and Barrows Fed Diethylstilboestrol and Methyltestosterone

25 Comparison of the Energy Exchanges of Ducklings and Chickens

26 Protein Mass, Protein Synthesis and Heat Loss in the Zucker Rat

27 Protein and Energy Metabolism in the Growing Pig

28 Estimates of Metabolizable Energy Needs for Maintenance and Gain in Beef Steers of Four Genotypes

29 Level of Energy Effects on Patterns and Energetic Efficiency of Tissue Deposition in Small or Large Mature-Size Beef Cattle

30 Utilization of Volatile Fatty Acids for Maintenance and for Energy Retention

31 Energy Requirements for the Growing Pig

32 Energy Metabolism in Growing Boars

33 Plane of Nutrition and the Maintenance Requirement

34 Energy and Protein Utilization by Pigs of Different Sex and Genotype

35 A System for Prediction of Retention of Protein and Fat in Growing Animals

36 Efficiency of Utilization of Food Energy by Goslings

37 Discussion Paper: Use of Energy for Maintenance and Growth

38 General Discussion

Part 3 Stimulation Models for Energy Exchange and Growth

39 Models of Tissue and Animal Metabolism

40 Development of a Computer Program for Simulation of Energy Metabolism in the Whole Animal

41 Simulation Models for Energy Metabolism in Monogastric and Ruminating Animals Interactions in Growing Swine

42 Simulation of Nutritional-Environmental Interactions in Growing Swine

43 Sufficient Statistics for Fed Evaluation in Addition to The Description and Control of Growth

44 Quantification of Animal and Dietary Differences with the Aid of the Roux Mathematical Model

45 Energetics of Growth in Cattle

46 Effects of Body Weight on Partitioning of Available Energy to Fat and Lean Gains and on Partial Efficiencies

47 Discussion Paper: Principles Underlying Modeling Analyses in Animal Energetics

48 General Discussion

Part 4 Comparative Aspects of Energy Metabolism

49 Thermogenesis in Pigs

50 Energy Utilization of A Carbohydrate-Free Protein-Fat Diet by Sows

51 Heat Production When Single Nutrients are Given to Fasted Cockerels

52 Effects of Ambient Temperature on the Heat Production of Growing Turkeys

53 Oxygen Consumption, Carbon Dioxide Production and Heat Production in Man

54 Diet-Induced Thermogenesis during Short-Term Changes in Energy Intake in Man

55 Plasma Thyroid Hormones and Oxygen Consumption in 14 Healthy Volunteers on Low-Calorie and Weight-Maintaining Diets. A Preliminary Study

56 The Reduction in Metabolic Rate and Heart Rate of Man during Meditation

57 Energy Metabolism in Adult Mink in Relation to Protein-Energy Levels and Environmental Temperature

58 Effect of Water Temperature on Energy Utilization in Rainbow Trout (Salmo Gairdneri)

59 Discussion Paper: Comparative Aspects of Energy Metabolism

60 General Discussion

Part 5 Use of Energy in Reproduction and Lactation

61 Products of Digestion, Hormones and Energy Utilization in Milking Cows Given Concentrates Containing Varying Proportions of Barley or Maize

62 Energy Utilization by Japanese Black Cattle in Late Pregnancy

63 Effects of Protein Level and Buffering Capacity on Energy Value of Feeds for Lactating Dairy Cows

64 The Utilization by High-Yielding Cows of Energy from Animal Tallow or Soya Bean Oil Added to a Diet Rich in Concentrates

65 Pasture Intake and Heat Production of Breeding Ewes

66 Energy Exchanges in Twin-Pregnant Ewes

67 Energy Utilization by Ewes during Pregnancy and Lactation

68 The Energy Costs of Pregnancy in the Sow

69 Effect of Protein Content and Metabolizability of the Diet on the Efficiency of Utilization of Metabolizable Energy in Dairy Cows

70 The Energy Metabolism of Dairy Cows Underfed in Early Lactation

71 Energy and Nitrogen Metabolism in Lactating Cows Fed Graded Quantities of Ammonium Lactate

72 Some Aspects of Energy and Protein Utilization in Ruminants Given Silage Diets

73 Efficiency of Utilization of Corn-Silage Diets by Pregnant and Lactating Sheep

74 Efficiency of Utilization of Food Energy by Pregnant and Lactating Sows

75 Production and Physiological Criteria in Laying Rhode Island Red Hens in Relation to Prenatal and Postnatal Environmental Temperatures

76 Energy Metabolism and Feed Evaluation at High Environmental Temperatures with Respect to Laying Hens 11 Discussion Paper: Use of Energy in Reproduction and Lactation

79 Effect of Feeding Level and Feed Composition on Energy Utilization, Physical Activity and Growth Performance of Piglets

80 The Energy Requirements for Growth in the Early-Weaned Pig

81 Energy Retention, Protein and Fat Gain in Early-Weaned Piglets in Relation to Environmental Temperature

82 Restriction of Feed Intake and Compensatory Growth Responses in Pigs

83 Effects of Dietary Composition on Energy Metabolism and Rate of Utilization of Thyroxine

84 Role of Glucagon in the Regulation of Metabolism in Growing Chickens

85 The Measurement of Glucose Kinetics in Sheep - What Relevance Do Such Measurements Have to the Glucose Requirements of an Animal?

86 Energy Metabolism of Sheep during Nutritional Limitation of Realimentation

87 Changes in Fasting Metabolism of Cattle as a Consequence of Selection for Growth Rate

88 Cold Exposure and Fat Metabolism in Young Cattle

89 Energy Metabolism, Substrate Reserves and Glucose Utilization in the Piglet

90 Effect of Temperature and Energy Intake on Heat Loss and Energy Retention of Early-Weaned Pigs

91 The Energy Cost for Sheep of Walking on Gradients

92 The Effect of Different Light Regimens on Feed Intake, Mobility, Weight Gain and Energy and Nitrogen Retention of Growing Chickens

93 Discussion Paper: Metabolic Responses in the Growing Animal

94 General Discussion

List of Participants

Index