Energy Aspects of Acoustic Cavitation and Sonochemistry

Fundamentals and Engineering

1st Edition - August 6, 2022
Editors: Oualid Hamdaoui, Kaouther Kerboua
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 1 9 3 7 - 1
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 8 4 9 0 - 4

Energy Aspects of Acoustic Cavitation and Sonochemistry: Fundamentals and Engineering covers topics ranging from fundamental modeling to up-scaled experiments. The book relates a… Read more

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Energy Aspects of Acoustic Cavitation and Sonochemistry: Fundamentals and Engineering covers topics ranging from fundamental modeling to up-scaled experiments. The book relates acoustic cavitation and its intrinsic energy balance to macroscopic physical and chemical events that are analyzed from an energetic perspective. Outcomes are directly projected into practical applications and technological assessments covering energy consumption, thermal dissipation, and energy efficiency of a diverse set of applications in mixed phase synthesis, environmental remediation and materials chemistry.

Special interest is dedicated to the sonochemical production of hydrogen and its energetic dimensions. Due to the sensitive energy balance that governs this process, this is seen as a "green process" for the production of future energy carriers.

Cover Image
Title Page
Copyright
Table of Contents
Contributors
Part I The single acoustic cavitation bubble as an energetic system: qualitative and quantitative assessments
Chapter 1 Single acoustic cavitation bubble and energy concentration concept
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Single acoustic cavitation bubble: Thermodynamic aspects of inception and growth, and dynamics of bubble oscillation
1.3 The hot spot theory
1.4 Thermodynamics of acoustic cavitation bubble and energy balance
1.5 Energy concentration concept
1.6 Engineering outcomes
References
Chapter 2 The energy forms and energy conversion
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Theoretical background
2.3 Energetic evolution of an oscillating bubble
2.4 Influence of acoustical conditions
2.5 Energy analysis as function of initial bubble size
2.6 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 3 Physical effects and associated energy release
3.1 Introduction
3.2 The theoretical approach of the propagation of an acoustic wave in a liquid medium, and acoustic streaming
3.3 The theoretical approach of the oscillation of acoustic cavitation bubbles and its associated physical effects
3.4 Energetic outcomes: Macroscopic dissipation of acoustic energy
3.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 4 Sonochemical reactions, when, where and how: Modelling approach
4.1 Introduction
4.2 The governing equations
4.3 Numerical technique and the investigated parameter space
4.4 Chemical yield of a single bubble
4.5 Energy efficiency considerations
4.6 Discussion and summary
References
Chapter 5 Sonochemical reactions, when, where and how: Experimental approach
5.1 When do the sonochemical reactions take place?
5.2 Where and how do sonochemical reactions take place?
5.3 Techniques for ultrasonic cavitation observation and measurement
5.4 Application of sonochemical reactions
5.5 Conclusions and perspective
References
Part II The bubble population: an analytic view into mutual forces and allied energy exchange
Chapter 6 The Bjerknes forces and acoustic radiation energy
6.1 Acoustic radiation force in a plane traveling wave field
6.2 Bjerknes forces
6.3 Experimental aspects of determining acoustic radiation energy
6.4 Conclusion
References
Chapter 7 Nonlinear oscillations and resonances of the acoustic bubble and the mechanisms of energy dissipation
7.1 Introduction
7.2 The bubble model
7.3 Scattered pressure by bubbles
7.4 Various regimes of complex bubble oscillations
7.5 Damping constants for the linear regime of oscillations
7.6 Nonlinear resonances of the bubble oscillator
7.7 Nonlinear bubble behavior analysis
7.8 Nonlinear dissipation terms
7.9 Bifurcation structure and the nonlinear dissipations of the bubble
7.10 Summarizing points and discussion
7.11 Concluding remarks
References
Chapter 8 Damping mechanisms of oscillating gas/vapor bubbles in liquids
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Bubble wall motion equation
8.3 Linear oscillations of gas bubbles
8.4 Thermal effects and thermal damping
8.5 Effects of liquid compressibility and acoustic damping
8.6 Total damping constants and comparisons of damping mechanisms
8.7 Damping mechanisms of vapor bubbles
8.8 Wave propagation in the liquids containing bubbles
8.9 Nonlinear oscillations of bubbles
8.10 Conclusions
Acknowledgement
References
Chapter 9 Energy controlling mechanisms: Relationship with operational conditions
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Model description
9.3 Chemical activity in single bubble and multibubble systems
9.4 Energy variation of a multibubble system
9.5 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Part III Ultrasound assisted processes, sonochemical reactors and energy efficiency
Chapter 10 Efficiency assessment and mapping of cavitational activities in sonochemical reactors
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Types, classification and working principle of the sonochemical reactors
10.3 Overview of cavitational activities in the sonochemical reactors
10.4 Efficiency assessment and mapping of cavitational activities in sonochemical reactors
10.5 Case study
10.6 Outlook and path forward
References
Chapter 11 Sources of dissipation: An outlook into the effects of operational conditions
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Theoretical approaches
11.3 Formation of extreme conditions in reactions
11.4 Transducers
11.5 Signals
11.6 Effects of operational parameters
11.7 Conclusion
References
Chapter 12 Mechanistic issues of energy efficiency of an ultrasonic process: Role of free and dissolved gas
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Experimental summary
12.3 The mathematical model
12.4 Results and resasoning
12.5 Overview
12.6 Case studies of ultrasonic processes based on energy transformation analysis
12.7 Intensification of wet textile treatment
12.8 Case study 2: Weissler reaction
References
Chapter 13 Simulation of sonoreators accounting for dissipated power
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Linear acoustics
13.3 Sound propagation accounting for cavitation
13.4 Acoustics of solid parts and piezo-electrics
13.5 Simulation examples
13.6 Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 14 Technological designs and energy efficiency: The optimal paths
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Ultrasound source
14.3 Electric-acoustic energy conversion
14.4 Performance of power transducers
14.5 Mapping acoustic wave propagation
14.6 Overall energy efficiency
14.7 Designs and energy efficiency
14.8 Conclusion
References
Part IV Green, sustainable and benign by design process? The place and perspective of ultrasound assisted processes and sonochemistry in industrial applications based on energy efficiency
Chapter 15 Acoustic cavitation and sonochemistry in industry: State of the art
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Power ultrasound and acoustic cavitation
15.3 Sonochemistry
15.4 Physical and chemical effect of power ultrasound
15.5 Industrial applications
15.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 16 Crystallization of pharmaceutical compounds: Process Intensification using ultrasonic irradiations - Experimental approach
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Theorical approach
16.3 Physical effect of cavitation bubble on crystallization
16.4 Sonocrystallization of pharmaceutical compounds: Effect of operating parameters
16.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 17 Sonochemical degradation of fluoroquinolone and β-lactam antibiotics – A view on transformations, degradation efficiency, and consumed energy
17.1 Principles of sonochemical treatment of organic pollutants in water
17.2 Sonochemical degradation of β-lactam antibiotics
17.3 Degradation of fluoroquinolone antibiotics using ultrasound
17.4 Relationship between degradation efficiency and consumed power/energy
17.5 Concluding remarks
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 18 The use of ultrasonic treatment in technological processes of complex processing of industrial waste: Energetic insights
18.1 Introduction
18.2. Characteristics of technogenic waste
18.3 Experimental part
18.4 Analysis of the kinetics of the reaction of alkaline treatment of borogypsum under conditions of ultrasonic exposure
18.5. Application of the product of UST of borogypsum as a sorbent
18.6 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 19 The sonochemical and ultrasound-assisted production of hydrogen: energy efficiency for the generation of an energy carrier
19.1 Introduction: hydrogen and ultrasound
19.2 The ultrasound-assisted pathway for hydrogen production: theoretical approach and outcomes
19.3 Analysis and orientations on the future of the sonochemical hydrogen: insights into the main challenges
19.4 Conclusion
References
Chapter 20 Future trends and promising applications of industrial sonochemical processes
20.1 Intensification of chemical process via cavitation
20.2 Demonstrated applications in various fields
20.3 Outlook and path forward
References
Chapter 21 Raising challenges of ultrasound-assisted processes and sonochemistry in industrial applications based on energy efficiency
21.1 Introduction
21.2 Theoretical aspects of ultrasound energy
21.3 Industrial uses of ultrasound power
21.4 Energy efficiency of ultrasound-assisted processes
21.5 Factors affecting the application of ultrasound
21.6 Energy efficiency and scale up issue for industrial application of ultrasound
21.7 Recent developments in design and scale-up of sonoreactors for industrial processes
21.8 Future prospects for the scale-up of sonochemistry
21.9 Conclusion
References
Index

Oualid Hamdaoui

Oualid Hamdaoui is a full professor of chemical engineering at King Saud University, in Saudi Arabia. His main research interests are focused on sonochemistry, acoustic cavitation, advanced oxidation processes, separation processes, desalination, and water treatment. He has held several academic appointments as coordinator of Master and Doctorate programs in Chemical and Environmental Process Engineering. He has received many awards including the Thomson Reuters Award in Engineering, Scopus Award (Elsevier) in Chemical Engineering, Francophonie Award for young researchers, option Sciences and Medicine, ranked first on the list of suitable candidates to the title of full professor (technology section) of the twenty-sixth (26th) session of the National University Commission, Abdul-Hameed Shoman Award for Young Arab Researchers in Engineering Sciences, Jordan and the best scientific publication award of The National Agency for the Development of University Research.

Affiliations and expertise

Professor, Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Kaouther Kerboua

Kaouther Kerboua is an Associate Professor at the National Higher School of Technology and Engineering, Algeria, where she is the leader of the Process Engineering field and a Researcher among the Advanced Oxidation Processes team of the Environmental Engineering Laboratory. Her research interests and activities are in the fields of acoustic cavitation, sonochemistry, advanced oxidation processes, water treatment, energy, green hydrogen, modelling and simulation. Her research track counts tens of Q1/Q2 research papers in reputable journals. She previously co-edited with Oualid Hamdaoui a book in the field entitled Energy Aspects of Acoustic Cavitation and Sonochemistry, Fundamentals and Engineering (Elsevier, 2022). Dr Kerboua is also a member of the editorial board of the Elsevier journal Ultrasonics and Sonochemistry and is currently leading and collaborating on several national and international projects with colleagues in France, Italy, and Germany.

Affiliations and expertise

National Higher School of Technology and Engineering, Process Engineering Department, Algeria