Encyclopedia of Sensors and Biosensors

Section 1: Types
1. Physical sensors (e.g., fluorophore sensors, thermal sensors, optical sensors, mechanical sensors, and acoustic sensors)
2. Chemical sensors (e.g., radiation sensors, electrochemical sensors, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay sensors, aptamer sensors)
3. Biological sensors (e.g., cell and tissue-containing sensors)
4. Combinatorial sensors
5. New sensing technologies

Section 2: Materials and devices
6. Sensing materials (e.g., ceramics, metals, polymers, composites, and nanomaterials)
7. Sensing interfaces (e.g., self-cleaning sensors)
8. Existing sensing devices

Section 3: Development
9. Sensor design
10. Sensor fabrication techniques
11. Sensor instrumentation
12. Sensor characterization techniques
13. Sensor packaging (e.g., lab-on-a-chip sensors and disposable sensors)
14. Sensor testing
15. Sensor reliability improvement

Section 4: Integration
16. Sensor signal processing
17. Sensor integration
18. Sensor networks
19. Data processing
20. Data analysis (e.g., machine learning approaches)
21. Sensor testing
22. Sensor reliability (including of sensor fouling)
23. Clinical trials
24. Storage, maintenance, and long-term use
25. Large-scale manufacturing and commercialization
26. Standards
27. Regulatory considerations
28. Ethical considerations for use with humans and animals

Section 5: Applications
29. Environmental sensors
30. Electronic-nose sensors
31. Agriculture sensors
32. Climate and ecological sensors
33. Food safety sensors
34. Homeland security sensors (e.g., nuclear, biological and chemical sensors)
35. Medical sensors
36. Nuclear technology sensors
37. Aerospace sensors
38. Veterinary sensors

Section 6: Future forecast