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Encyclopedia of Adolescence
1st Edition - June 1, 2011
Editors: B. Bradford Brown, Mitchell J. Prinstein
Language: English
Hardback ISBN:9780123739155
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 3 7 3 9 1 5 - 5
The period of adolescence involves growth, adaptation, and dramatic reorganization in almost every aspect of social and psychological development. The Encyclopedia of Ad…Read more
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The period of adolescence involves growth, adaptation, and dramatic reorganization in almost every aspect of social and psychological development. The Encyclopedia of Adolescence, Three Volume Set offers an exhaustive and comprehensive review of current theory and research findings pertaining to this critical decade of life. Leading scientists offer accessible and easily readable reviews of biological, social, educational, occupational, and cultural factors that shape adolescent development. Issues in normative development, individual differences, and psychopathology/maladjustment are reviewed. Over 130 chapters are included, each covering a specific aspect or issue of adolescence. The chapters trace differences in the course of adolescence in different nations and among youth with different backgrounds.
The encyclopedia brings together cross-disciplinary contributors, including academic researchers, biologists, psychiatrists, sociologists, anthropologists and public policy experts, and will include authors from around the world. Each article features an in-depth analysis of current information on the topic, along with a glossary, suggested readings for further information, and cross-references to related encyclopedia articles. The volumes offer an unprecedented resource for all audiences, providing a more comprehensive understanding of general topics compared to other reference works on the subject.
Available both in print and online via SciVerse Science Direct.
Winner of the 2011 PROSE Award for Multivolume Reference in Humanities & Social Science from the Association of American Publishers; and named a 2012 Outstanding Academic Title by the American Library Association's Choice publication
Brings together cross-disciplinary contributors, including developmental psychologists, educational psychologists, clinical psychologists, biologists, psychiatrists, sociologists, anthropologists and public policy experts
Published both in print and via Elsevier's ScienceDirectâ„¢ online platform
Post-graduate researchers and practitioners in psychiatry, psychology, medicine and pediatrics, and advanced undergraduates
Editor Biographies
Editorial Advisory Board
Permission Acknowledgments
Preface
Article Titles
A
Academic Achievement
Abstract
Introduction
Measures of Academic Achievement: Strengths and Weaknesses
Age Trends in Achievement by Subject Area
Factors Predictive of Achievement
Gender, Racial, and Ethnic Differences in Achievement
Implications for Improving Achievement
See also
Glossary
Further Reading
Relevant Websites
Achievement Motivation
Abstract
Introduction
Current Achievement Motivation Theories and Constructs
Development of Achievement Motivation
Group Differences in Motivation
Parental Influences
School Influences
Peers and Motivation During Adolescence
Conclusion
See also
Glossary
Further Reading
Addictions in Adolescence
Abstract
Introduction
Prevalence and Epidemiology
Consequences of Use
Risk Factors for Addiction
Efforts to Prevent Addiction
Addiction Treatment
Conclusions and Future Developments
See also
Glossary
Further Reading
Adolescence, Theories of
Abstract
Introduction
Families of Theories
Why So Many Theories?
Evolving Need for New Theoretical Approaches That Address Emerging Knowledge and the Questions That Such Knowledge Inspire
See also
Glossary
Further Reading
Relevant Websites
Adolescent Decision-Making
Abstract
Introduction
What Is Competent Decision-Making?
Judgment and Decision-Making
Factors Influencing Adolescent Decision-Making
Summary and Implications
See also
Glossary
Further Reading
Adolescent Driving Behavior: A Developmental Challenge
Abstract
Introduction
Adolescent Driving as a Public Health Problem
Safe Driving as a Developmental Challenge
Solutions to the Problem
Summary
See also
Glossary
Further Reading
Relevant Websites
Adolescent Gambling
Abstract
Introduction
Adolescent Gambling
Prevalence of Gambling and Problem Gambling in Adolescents
Factors in Adolescent Gambling Addiction: A Biopsychosocial Approach
Adolescent Gambling on the Internet and Other Remote Media
Conclusion
See also
Glossary
Further Reading
Relevant Websites
Adolescent Moral Development
Abstract
Introduction
Theories of Moral Development
Moral Reasoning
Prosocial Behavior and Volunteering
Moral Emotions
Moral Identity
Socialization Influences
Moral Development and Adjustment
Intervention and Prevention Programs
Conclusion and Future Directions
See also
Glossary
Further Reading
Adolescent Sibling Relations
Abstract
Introduction
Enduring Relationships that Play a Significant Role in Determining Who We Are
The Developmental Course of Sibling Relationships
Variations in Sibling Relationship Quality
But My Sister Is Nothing Like Me: Why Are Siblings so Different?
Methods for Fostering Prosocial Sibling Relationships
Future Directions
Conclusion
See also
Glossary
Further Reading
Relevant Websites
Adolescent Sleep
Abstract
Introduction
The Architecture of Adolescent Sleep
Adolescent Sleep Patterns and Needs
Consequences of Insufficient Sleep Among Adolescents
Adolescent Sleep Disorders
Factors Promoting Healthy Adolescent Sleep
Creating Sleep-Friendly Schools
Conclusion
See also
Glossary
Further Reading
Relevant Websites
Adolescent Specific Learning Disabilities
Abstract
Introduction
Relevant Historical Background
Definitions of Specific Learning Disabilities
Heterogeneity and Comorbidity with Other Conditions
Prevalence and Impact on Individuals and Society
Developmental and Adolescent-Specific Issues
Current Knowledge and Unresolved Issues
Future Directions
See also
Glossary
Further Reading
Relevant Websites
Adolescents' Experience of Parental Divorce
Abstract
Introduction
How Divorce Affects Adolescents: Stress, Risk, and Resilience
Psychological Pain
Adolescent Autonomy: Too Much and Too Little
Parental Divorce and the Adolescent's Romantic Relationships
See also
Glossary
References
Relevant Websites
AIDS
Abstract
Introduction
Structural and Developmental Risk Factors
Prevention
Summary
See also
Glossary
Further Reading
Relevant Websites
Alcohol Use
Abstract
Introduction
Article Overview
Epidemiology: Prevalence of Adolescent Alcohol Involvement
Initiation of Alcohol Use
Developmental Course of Drinking
Risk and Protective Factors for Adolescent Drinking
Implications for Prevention, Screening and Outreach, and Treatment
Summary
See also
Glossary
Further Reading
Relevant Websites
Anxiety Disorders
Abstract
Introduction
Anxiety
Disordered Anxiety
Cognition and Anxiety Disorders
Biology and Anxiety Disorders
The Importance of Adolescence to Anxiety Disorders
Common Anxiety Disorders in Adolescence
Assessment
Treatment of Anxiety Disorders in Adolescence
Conclusion
See also
Glossary
Further Reading
Relevant Websites
Attachment
Abstract
Introduction
Behavioral Systems: The Formation and Maintenance of Attachment Bonds
Adolescence and Transformations in Attachment Bonds with Caregivers
The Emergence of Affectional Bonds to Close Friends and Sexual Partners
Organizing Attachment Bonds with Parents and Peers
Attachment-Related Aspects of Adolescent Personality
Behavioral Systems in Adolescence and Risky Behaviors
States of Mind, Disrupted Bonds, and Psychopathology
Summary
See also
Glossary
Further Reading
Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Abstract
Introduction
ADHD Symptoms/DSM-IV Diagnostic Criteria
Change/Persistence of Symptoms from Childhood into Adolescence
Psychiatric Comorbidities of ADHD in Adolescence
Treatment of Adolescent ADHD
Summary/Conclusions
See also
Glossary
Further Reading
Relevant Websites
Autism and Aspergers
Abstract
Introduction
Definition and Differential Diagnosis
Clinical Features
Etiology
Clinical Assessment
Treatment
Course
Long-Term Outcome
See also
Glossary
Further Reading
Relevant Websites
Autonomy, Development of
Abstract
Introduction
Theoretical Views of Autonomy and Autonomy Development
Comparing and Contrasting Theories of Autonomy
The Important Role of Parents in Adolescent Autonomy Development
Other Relational Foundations of Adolescent Autonomy
Conclusions
See also
Glossary
Further Reading
B
Bereavement
Abstract
Acknowledgments
Introduction
Conceptualization of Grief
DSM Classification
Complicated Grief
Bereavement in Children and Adolescents
Predictors of Bereavement Outcomes
Conclusion
See also
Glossary
Further Reading
Bipolar Disorder
Abstract
Introduction
Types of Bipolar Disorder
Assessment
Epidemiology: How Common is Bipolar Disorder?
Age of Onset: When Does Bipolar Disorder Usually Start?
Temperament and Adolescent Behavior
Sleep Disturbance
Suicide
Treatment
Creativity and Productivity
See also
Glossary
Further Reading
Relevant Websites
Body Dysmorphic Disorder
Abstract
Introduction
Theories of BDD Development
Comorbidities and Personality Factors Associated with BDD
BDD and Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms/Spectrum
Treatment for BDD in Adolescents
Future Research Directions
See also
Glossary
Further Reading
Body Image during Adolescence: A Developmental Perspective
Abstract
Introduction
The Development of Body Image Dissatisfaction
Factors Related to Development of Body Image
Interventions
Summary
See also
Glossary
Further Reading
Brain Development
Abstract
Introduction
Brain Development and the Biological Roots of Adolescence
Characteristic Developmental Transformations of the Adolescent Brain
Regional Differences in Brain Development
Functional Implications of Adolescent Brain Development
See also
Glossary
Further Reading
Bully/Victim Problems during Adolescence
Abstract
Introduction
Defining Bullying
Individual Differences and the Persistently Bullied Adolescent
Correlates of Persistent Victimization by Peers
The Impact of Peer Victimization on Adjustment
Aggressive and Nonaggressive Victims
Peer Victimization in the Adolescent Context
Conclusion
See also
Glossary
Further Reading
C
Career Development
Abstract
Introduction
Theoretical Perspectives on Career Development and Choice
Transition as a Challenge
Individual Differences in Career Development
The Social Context of Career Development
The Institutional Context of Career Development
Vocational Guidance: Counseling and Policy Implications
Conclusions
See also
Glossary
Further Reading
Relevant Websites
Chronic Illness
Abstract
Introduction
Trajectories of Chronic Illnesses and Their Impact on Families
Developmental Issues
Adolescent and Family Functioning
Adherence
Pain
Patient-Reported Outcomes: Health-Related Quality of Life
Summary
See also
Glossary
Further Reading
Relevant Websites
Civic and Political Engagement
Abstract
Introduction
Social Contract
Mediating Institutions
Collective Identity
Recent History of the Field
Developmental Changes During Adolescence
Generational Replacement: Age, Period, and Cohort Effects
The Youth Bulge
Civic and Political Exploration and the Consolidation of Identity
Concurrent Predictors of Civic and Political Engagement
Forms of Civic and Political Engagement
Discrimination and Social Exclusion: Implications for Civic and Political Engagement
Conclusions
See also
Glossary
Further Reading
Relevant Websites
Cognitive Development
Abstract
Introduction
Development of Reasoning
Competing Accounts: Process, Content, and Context
Development of Cognitive Abilities in Adolescence
Integrative Approaches to Adolescent Cognitive Development
See also
Glossary
Further Reading
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Adolescents
Abstract
Introduction
Theoretical Background
The CBT Approach
CBT for Specific Problems in Adolescence
Conclusions
See also
Glossary
Further Reading
Relevant Websites
Coping
Abstract
Introduction
Conceptualization of Coping
Correlates of Coping
Coping as a Moderator or Mediator of the Relation between Stressors and Adjustment in Adolescents
Coping Interventions for Adolescents
Future Directions
See also
Glossary
Further Reading
Relevant Websites
Creativity in Adolescence
Abstract
Introduction
Historical Conceptions of Creativity
Creativity in Adolescence: The Four Ps of Creativity
The Relationship between Creativity and Intelligence
Conclusion
See also
Glossary
Further Reading
Relevant Websites
Cultural Influences on Adolescent Development
Abstract
Introduction
Key Terms
Immigration and Acculturation
Cultural Influence and Behavioral Outcomes
Conclusion
See also
Glossary
Further Reading
D
Dating Abuse
Abstract
Introduction
History of Adolescent Dating Abuse Research
What Is Adolescent Dating Abuse?
Issues with Measuring Adolescent Dating Abuse
How Common Is Adolescent Dating Abuse?
Gender-Related Issues in Adolescent Dating Abuse
The Development of Dating Abuse Over Time
Developmental Consequences of Dating Abuse
Who Becomes a Dating Abuse Perpetrator?
Who Becomes a Dating Abuse Victim?
Theoretical Perspectives on Adolescent Dating Abuse
Preventing Adolescent Dating Abuse
Summary and Future Research Directions
See also
Glossary
Further Reading
Relevant Website
Depression and Depressive Disorders
Abstract
Introduction
Description of Adolescent Depressive Disorders
Occurrence of Adolescent Depressive Disorders
Etiology of Adolescent Depressive Disorders
Assessment of Adolescent Depressive Disorders
Treatment of Adolescent Depressive Disorders
Early Intervention and Prevention of Adolescent Depressive Disorders
Conclusions and Future Directions
See also
Glossary
Further Reading
Relevant Websites
Developmental Psychopathology
Abstract
Introduction
Some General Principles of the Developmental Psychopathology Perspective
Adolescence as a Period of Heightened Vulnerability
Prevention and Treatment of Psychopathology in Adolescence
See also
Glossary
Further Reading
Disabilities, Physical
Abstract
Introduction
Environmental Contextual Factors
Personal Contextual Factors, Mental Health, and Quality of Life
Beyond Adolescence: An Uncharted Future
Conclusions
See also
Glossary
Further Reading
Relevant Websites
Discrimination, Racial and Ethnic
Abstract
Introduction
Historical Context and Significance
Definitional and Conceptual Issues
‘Epidemiology’ of Racial and Ethnic Discrimination
Racial and Ethnic Discrimination and Adolescent Developmental Outcomes
Resilience Factors in the Relationship Between Discrimination and Adolescent Development
Summary and Future Directions
See also
Glossary
Further Reading
Disruptive Behaviors and Aggression
Abstract
Introduction
Inattention
Hyperactivity and Impulsivity
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Oppositionality
Oppositional Defiant Disorder
Conduct Problems and Antisocial Behaviors
Conduct Disorder
Age of Onset and Course of Aggression and Disruptive Behavior
Causes of Disruptive Behavior Disorders
Cross-Cultural Differences in Disruptive Behavior Disorders
Assessment of Aggression and Disruptive Behaviors
Treatments for Aggression and Disruptive Behaviors
Summary
See also
Glossary
Further Reading
Relevant Websites
E
Eating Disorders
Abstract
Introduction
Anorexia Nervosa
Bulimia Nervosa
Binge Eating Disorder
EDNOS
Future Directions
See also
Glossary
Further Reading
Relevant Websites
Emotion Dysregulation
Abstract
Introduction
Processes of Emotion Regulation and Dysregulation
Early Development
Adolescence
Forms of Emotion Dysregulation in Adolescence
Conclusions
See also
Glossary
Further Reading
Relevant Websites
Emotional Development
Abstract
Introduction
Definition of Emotions
Adolescence and the Development of Emotions
Nominal Categories and Structures of Emotions
Behavioral Consequences of Emotion
Genetic and Environmental Influences on Emotion Development
Emotion and Psychopathology
Sex Differences in Emotional Development
Conclusions
See also
Glossary
Further Reading
Employment
Abstract
Introduction
Working Teens: A Comparative Look
The Costs and Benefits of Adolescent Employment
Linking School and Work
Conclusion
See also
Glossary
Further Reading
Ethnic/Racial Identity among Minority Youth
Abstract
Introduction
Theoretical Formulations
Empirical Research on Ethnic/Racial Identity
Implications
Conclusion
See also
Glossary
Further Reading
Executive Function
Abstract
Introduction
Background, Concepts, and Definitions
Development of Executive Skills
Risks and Vulnerabilities
Concluding Remarks
See also
Glossary
Further Reading
F
Family Organization and Adolescent Development
Abstract
Introduction
Parent–Child Relationships and Adolescent Development
Sibling Relationships and Adolescent Development
Broader Family Relationships as Context for Parent–Child Relationships: Marital Hostility and Conflict and Parental Depression
Family Relationships in the Broader Environment Context
Conclusion
See also
Glossary
Further Reading
Family Relationships
Abstract
Introduction
The Parent–Adolescent Relationship
The Interparental Relationship
Adolescent–Sibling Relationships
Adolescent Development in the Broader Family System
Transactional Models of Adolescent Development in the Family
See also
Glossary
Further Reading
Relevant Websites
Foster Care
Abstract
Introduction
A Portrait of Youth and Foster Care
Foster Care as a Setting for Youth
Youth Functioning in Care
Policies and Foster Care
Treatment Interventions Targeting Youth in Foster Care
Summary
See also
Glossary
Further Reading
G
Gender Issues
Abstract
Introduction
Factors Influencing the Salience of Gender During Adolescence
Gender-Related Beliefs
Academic Achievement
Athletic Participation
Body Image
Sexuality and Sexual Orientation
Friendship Intimacy
Aggression and Violence
Summary
See also
Glossary
Further Reading
Gender Roles
Abstract
Acknowledgment
Introduction
Theories of Gender-Role Development in Adolescence
Empirical Evidence Regarding Adolescent Gender-Role Development
Concluding Remarks
See also
Glossary
Further Reading
Relevant Websites
Genetics
Abstract
Introduction
Genetic Approaches to Behavior
Conclusions
See also
Glossary
Further Reading
Relevant Website
Globalization and Adolescence
Abstract
Introduction
The Multiple Facets of Globalization: Recent Trends and Developments
Consequences of Globalization in Different Developmental Contexts of Adolescents
Conclusion
See also
Glossary
Further Reading
Relevant Websites
H
High School
Abstract
Introduction
The Growth of the High School
Adolescents' Experiences in High School
See also
Glossary
Further Reading
The History of the Study of Adolescence
Abstract
Acknowledgments
Introduction
The First Phase of the Scientific Study of Adolescence
The Second Phase of the Scientific Study of Adolescence
The Third Phase of the Scientific Study of Adolescence
The Future History of the Developmental Science of Adolescence
See also
Glossary
Further Reading
Home Environment
Abstract
Introduction
Stimulation
Socioemotional Support
Monitoring
Structure
Social Connections
Physical Environment
Culture
Epilogue
See also
Glossary
Further Reading
Relevant Website
Homelessness
Abstract
Introduction
Typology of Homeless Adolescents
Risk and Protective Factors
Pathways out of Homelessness
EBI Programs
Conclusion
See also
Glossary
Further Reading
Relevant Websites
Hormones and Behavior
Abstract
Abbreviations
Introduction
A Brief Global Epidemiology of Adolescence
Hormones in Developmental Processes
Hormone–Behavior Interactions in Puberty and Adolescence
Translation to Adolescent Mental Health: The Case of Depression
Conclusions
Global Perspectives
See also
Glossary
Further Reading
I
Immigrant Issues
Abstract
Introduction
Variation in Immigrant Adolescents’ Experiences
Acculturation and Identity
Issues in Major Life Domains
Legal and Policy Issues
Methodological Issues in the Study of Immigrant Adolescents
Conclusions
See also
Glossary
Further Reading
Relevant Websites
Impulsivity and Adolescence
Abstract
Introduction
Impulsivity Defined
Impulsivity Measured
The Biology of Impulsivity
The Adolescent Brain, Development, and Impulsivity
Environmental Aspects of Impulsivity
Adolescent Impulsivity: Opportunities and Vulnerabilities
Reducing the Effects of Impulsivity with Treatment
Conclusions
See also
Glossary
Further Reading
Initiation Ceremonies and Rites of Passage
Abstract
Introduction
Overview of Initiations and Rites of Passage
Phases of Rites of Passage
Purpose and Functions of Adolescent Initiations and Rites of Passage
Distinctions According to Timing
Distinctions According to Gender
Initiations and Rites of Passage in Western Societies
Adolescent Initiations in the Twenty-First Century
See also
Glossary
Further Reading
Relevant Websites
Intellectual Disabilities (Mental Retardation)
Abstract
Introduction
Diagnosing and Classifying Adolescents with Intellectual Disabilities
Social Concerns Related to Adolescents with ID
Transition Issues Concerning Adolescents with ID
Issues Related to Families of Adolescents with ID
Mental Health Concerns Related to Adolescents with ID
Conclusion
See also
Glossary
Further Reading
Relevant Websites
Internet and Other Interactive Media
Abstract
Introduction
Media Functions: Mapping the Digital Landscape
Interactive Digital Media and Adolescent Development
Concluding Comments
See also
Glossary
Further Reading
Interpersonal Psychotherapy for Depressed Adolescents
Abstract
Introduction
Interpersonal Psychotherapy for Depressed Adolescents
Description of the Intervention
Empirical Support
Training Clinicians in IPT-A
Comparisons to Other Treatments
Recent Adaptations
Conclusions
See also
Glossary
Further Reading
Relevant Websites
L
Leisure
Abstract
Introduction
Defining Leisure
Understanding Leisure Through the Leisure Activities-Context-Experience Model
Leisure and Adolescent Developmental Outcomes
Additional Influences on Adolescent Leisure: Parents and Brain Development
Health Implications of Adolescent Leisure Participation
Constraints to Leisure
Concluding Remarks
See also
Glossary
Further Reading
Relevant Websites
Literacy and Reading Behavior
Abstract
Introduction
Reading and Literacy
Literacy and Reading Skills in Adolescence
Adolescent Literacy Facts Around the Globe
Adolescent Literacy Crisis
Conclusion: ‘Reading Wars’ for the Twenty-first Century
See also
Glossary
Further Reading
Relevant Websites
Loneliness
Abstract
Introduction
Perspectives on Loneliness
Assessment of Loneliness
Loneliness and Adolescent Development
Peer Relationships and Loneliness
Family Relationships and Loneliness
Behavioral Characteristics of Lonely Children and Adolescents
Cognitive Styles of Lonely Children and Adolescents
Conclusions
See also
Glossary
Further Reading
M
Maltreatment and Adolescence
Abstract
Introduction
Definitions of Maltreatment
Incidence and Prevalence
Maltreatment over the Course of Development
Types of Maltreatment Common During Adolescence
Etiology from an Ecological Perspective
Risk Factors
Protective Factors
Treatment Approaches for Adolescent Maltreatment
Prevention of Adolescent Maltreatment
Summary
See also
Glossary
Further Reading
Relevant Websites
Media, Influence of
Abstract
Introduction
Patterns of Use
Academic Achievement
Prosocial Content
Theoretical Perspectives
Media Content Domains
Summary
See also
Glossary
Further Reading
Relevant Websites
Memory
Abstract
Introduction
Models of Memory
Development of Implicit Memory
Development of Verbal Explicit Memory
Development of Visuo-Spatial Memory
Memory and Brain Development
Conclusions
See also
Glossary
Further Reading
Mentor Relationships
Abstract
Introduction
Different Approaches to Youth Mentoring
Overall Effectiveness of Youth Mentoring
Predicting Variation
Processes
Conclusions
See also
Glossary
Further Reading
Relevant Websites
Metacognition and Self-regulated Learning
Abstract
Introduction
Metacognition
Self-Regulation and Self-Regulated Learning
Self-Regulated Learning Interventions as a Means of Promoting Skill Development
Component Competencies of Self-Regulated Learning in Adolescents
Summary
See also
Glossary
Further Reading
Relevant Websites
Middle School
Abstract
Introduction
The Beginnings of the Middle School Movement
Middle Schools in the United States
International Early Adolescent Schools
Asia
Europe
Oceania
Professional Preparation of Middle-Level Educators
Middle-School Issues
Conclusion
See also
Glossary
Further Reading
Relevant Websites
Modes of Intervention
Abstract
Introduction
Internalizing Problems in Adolescence
Externalizing Problems in Adolescence
Summary
New Frontiers in Treatment Development
See also
Glossary
Further Reading
Relevant Websites
Motivation
Abstract
Introduction
What Is Motivation?
Why Do We Have These Motivational Systems?
The Role of Consciousness in Adolescent Motivation
Personal Goals
Personal Agency Beliefs
Personal Agency Belief Patterns
Emotions
Thriving with Social Purpose
Thriving Motivational Patterns
Social Purpose
Developmental Implications of TSP Motivational Functioning
See also
Glossary
Further Reading
Relevant Websites
Multisystemic Therapy
Abstract
Introduction
Characteristics of the MST Model
Characteristics of MST Clinical Implementation
Empirical Support for MST
Conclusions
See also
Glossary
Further Reading
Relevant Websites
Music Listening in Adolescence
Abstract
Acknowledgments
Introduction
Our Musical Brain
The Evolutionary Function of Music
Music Listening Among Adolescents
Music Taste and Its Origins
Music Taste and Problem Behavior
Conclusion
See also
Glossary
Further Reading
N
Neighborhoods and Adolescence
Abstract
Introduction
Definitions and Conceptual Issues
Review of Associations Between Neighborhood SES and Adolescent Development
Empirical Evidence for Pathways of Neighborhood SES Effects on Adolescent Development
Methodological Issues in Neighborhood Research
Future Directions and Policy Implications
See also
Glossary
Further Reading
Relevant Websites
Nonsuicidal Self-Injury
Abstract
Introduction
Definition
Classification
Characteristics
Prevalence
Assessment
Why Do People Engage in NSSI?
Risk Factors
Protective Factors
Treatment and Prevention
Conclusion
See also
Glossary
Further Reading
Relevant Website
Nutrition in Adolescence
Abstract
Introduction
Nutrition and Development
Elements of Good Nutrition
Eating Patterns in Adolescence
Eating as a Social and Cultural Event
Improving Adolescent Nutrition
Conclusion
See also
Glossary
Further Reading
Relevant Websites
O
Out-of-School Activities
Abstract
Introduction
Cultural and Historical Trends in Extracurricular Activity Programming
Conceptualizing Out-of-School Activities
Self-Care and Unconstructive Activities
Constructive Unorganized Activities
Constructive Organized Activities
Outcomes by Level of Participation
Participation Rates by Socioeconomic Status, Race, Gender, and Age
Influences on Youth Participation
Conclusions
See also
Glossary
Further Reading
Relevant Websites
Overweight/Obesity
Abstract
Introduction
Rates of and Trends Associated with Overweight
Consequences Associated with Adolescent Overweight
Protective Factors
Risk Factors for Adolescent Overweight
Protective Factors Reducing Risk for Adolescent Overweight
Treatment and Intervention Approaches for Adolescent Overweight
Conclusions and Future Directions
See also
Glossary
Further Reading
P
Parent–Child Relationship
Abstract
Introduction
Theoretical Accounts of the Impact of Adolescent Development on Parent–Child Relationships
Theoretical Accounts of the Impact of Parent–Child Relationships on Adolescent Development
Continuity and Change in Parent–Adolescent Closeness
Continuity and Change in Parent–Adolescent Conflict
The Impact of Closeness and Conflict on Adolescent Outcomes
Conclusion
See also
Glossary
Further Reading
Relevant Websites
Parenting Practices and Styles
Abstract
Introduction
Parenting Frameworks
Correlates and Consequences of Parenting
Cultural and Ecological Variations in Parenting
Conclusions
See also
Glossary
Further Reading
Peer Influence
Abstract
Introduction
Homophily
Contexts of Peer Influence
Peer Influence Mechanisms
Social Network Analysis
Moderators of Peer Influence
Peer Influence in Interventions
Conclusions
See also
Glossary
Further Reading
Peer Relations
Abstract
Introduction
Importance of Peer Relations
Dual Role of Peers
Biological, Cognitive, and Social Changes
Different Levels of Peer Relations
Conclusions
See also
Glossary
Further Reading
Personality Traits in Adolescence
Abstract
Introduction
Definitions of Personality
Stability and Change of Personality During Adolescence
Personality and Adaptation in Adolescence
Conclusion
See also
Glossary
Further Reading
Physical Attractiveness
Abstract
Introduction
Defining Terms
Standards for Attractiveness
Gender Differences
Sociocultural Influences on Boys and Girls
Attractiveness and Self-Concept During Adolescence
Attractiveness and Relationships with Others During Adolescence
Conclusions
See also
Glossary
Further Reading
Popularity and Social Status
Abstract
Introduction
Importance of Popularity and Social Status in Adolescence
Measurement of Popularity and Social Status
Two Definitions of Popularity
Association Between Popularity and Likeability
Stability of Popularity and Preference
Unique Correlates of Popularity and Preference
Complex Association with Peer Influence
Underlying Model of Social Competence
Developmental Antecedents
Developmental Consequences
Conclusion
See also
Glossary
Further Reading
Poverty and Adolescent Development
Abstract
Introduction
Poverty as a Multifaceted Construct
Timing Matters
The Correlates of Poverty
Adolescence
Persistent Poverty During Adolescence
Sudden Poverty During Adolescence
Conclusion
See also
Glossary
Pregnancy in Adolescence
Abstract
Introduction
Epidemiology
Risk and Protective Factors for Teenage Pregnancy
Sexual Activity Among Adolescents
Use of Contraception and Condoms by Teenagers
Access to Contraceptive Services
Adolescents and Abortion
The Father of the Baby
Entry into Prenatal Care
Conclusion
See also
Glossary
Further Reading
Relevant Websites
Psychopathology, Models of
Abstract
Introduction
The Medical Model
Psychoanalytic Models
The Behavioral Model
Humanistic Models
Cognitive Models
Family Systems Theory
The Biobehavioral Model
Developmental Psychopathology
See also
Glossary
Further Reading
Psychopharmacology in Adolescents
Abstract
Introduction
Fundamentals of Adolescent Psychopharmacology
Externalizing Disorders
Internalizing Disorders
Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders
Pervasive Developmental Disorders
Summary and Conclusion
See also
Glossary
Further Reading
Puberty and Adolescence: An Evolutionary Perspective
Abstract
Introduction
Puberty Defined
Biology of Puberty
Human Adolescence
Biocultural Perspective on Human Adolescence
Genetic and Environmental Influences on Puberty
Risks of Puberty and Adolescence
Conclusions
See also
Glossary
Further Reading
Relevant Websites
Q
Quantitative Research Methods
Abstract
Introduction
Design Issues
Measurement Issues
Analysis Issue
Concluding Thoughts
See also
Glossary
Further Reading
Relevant Website
R
Religious Involvement
Abstract
Introduction
Definitions of Religion and Spirituality
Demographics of Religious Involvement
Ecology of Religious Involvement
Resources Available Through Religious Involvement
Correlates of Religious Involvement
Religious Involvement Gone Awry
Conclusions
See also
Glossary
Further Reading
Relevant Websites
Resilience
Abstract
Introduction
Resilience Defined
History of Resilience in Developmental Science
Longitudinal Research on Resilience
Protective Processes
Discontinuities in Research
Distress Among Resilient Youth
Promoting Resilience in Youth
Future Research
See also
Glossary
Further Reading
Risk-Taking Behavior
Abstract
Introduction
What Is Adolescent Risk Taking?
Traditional Theories of Adolescent Risk Taking
Individual-Level Influences
Interpersonal-Level Influences
Community-Level Influences
Policy/Legal Influences
Conclusions and Future Directions
See also
Glossary
Further Reading
Risky Sexual Behavior
Abstract
Introduction
Adolescent Sexual Activity
Use of Condoms and Other Forms of Contraception
Teen Pregnancy Rates
Teen STI Rates
Possible Behaviors to be Addressed
Behaviors That Reduce Teen Pregnancy
Behaviors That Reduce Sexually Transmitted Disease
Selecting the Sexual Behaviors to Target
Possible Combinations of Behaviors
Factors Affecting Adolescent Sexual Behavior and Contraceptive Use
Environmental Factors
Individual Factors
Dominant Themes
See also
Glossary
Further Reading
Relevant Websites
Romantic Relationships
Abstract
Introduction
Romance During Adolescence: A New Experience
Adolescent Romance: Historical and Cultural Perspectives
The Transition from Gender Segregation to Romantic Attraction and Romantic Involvements
The Transition from Romantic Involvements to Romantic Relationships: Prevalence, Duration, Age Differences
Romantic Relationship Frequency
Sexual Minority Youth
Unique Domains and Processes of Romantic Relationships
The Role of Peers and Family in Adolescent Romantic Relationships
Romantic Involvements and Psychological Adjustment
Summary and Future Directions
See also
Glossary
Further Reading
Runaway Teens
Abstract
Introduction
Runaways Through Time
Definitions of Runaway Teens
Reasons for Leaving Home
Characteristics of Runaway Teens
Characteristics of Families of Runaway Teens
Where Do Runaways Go?
Rights of Runaways
Intervention
Conclusion
See also
Glossary
Further Reading
S
Schizophrenia
Abstract
Introduction
What Is Schizophrenia?
Our Current Understanding of Factors that Contribute to the Development of Schizophrenia
Risk for Psychosis and Early Signs/Illness Precursors
Why Is Onset Typically in Late Adolescence or Early Adulthood?
Treatment of Schizophrenia
See also
Glossary
Further Reading
Relevant Websites
School-to-Work Transitions
Abstract
Introduction
Dimensions of the School-to-Work Transition
Trends in the School-to-Work Transition in Recent Decades
Theoretical and Methodological Considerations
Institutional Embeddedness of the School-to-Work Transition
School-to-Work Transition – A Status Passage in the Institutionalized Life Course
Conclusions
See also
Glossary
Further Reading
Relevant Websites
Schools and Schooling
Abstract
Introduction
School as Context of Adolescent Development
Research Paradigms
Cognitive Development
Psychosocial Development
Learning Motivation and Career Decisions
Interest and Achievement
Improving Schools as Learning Environment for Youth
See also
Glossary
Further Reading
Self-Development During Adolescence
Abstract
Introduction
The I-Self and the Me-Self
Developmental Differences in Self-Representations During Adolescence
Early Adolescence
Middle Adolescence
Late Adolescence
Concluding Observations
See also
Glossary
Further Reading
Self-Esteem
Abstract
Introduction
What Is Self-Esteem?
Development of Self-Esteem
Antecedents of Self-Esteem
Consequences of Self-Esteem
Conclusions
See also
Glossary
Further Reading
Relevant Websites
Sexual Orientation
Abstract
Introduction
Terminology and Historical Perspectives
Defining and Measuring Sexual Orientation
Sexual Orientation Development
Sexual Orientation and Contemporary Adolescence
Conclusions: Possibilities
See also
Glossary
Further Reading
Relevant Websites
Sexuality Education
Abstract
Introduction
Developmental Foundations
Sex and Sexuality
School-Based Sex and Sexuality Education
Sexuality Education in the Family
Meeting the Needs of Underserved Youth
Conclusions
See also
Glossary
Further Reading
Relevant Websites
Sexuality
Abstract
Introduction
Sexual Desire
Sexual Motives
Sexual Behavior
Prevention of Pregnancy and Sexually Transmitted Infections
Same-Sex Sexuality
The Interpersonal Context of Adolescent Sexuality
Adolescent Sexual Coercion
Conclusion
See also
Glossary
Further Reading
Relevant Websites
Sexually Transmitted Infections
Abstract
Introduction
Epidemiology of STIs/HIV
Diagnosis and Treatment of STIs/HIV
Populations at Risk
Risk and Protective Factors
Living with HIV
STI/HIV Prevention Interventions
Conclusions/Future Directions
See also
Glossary
Further Reading
Relevant Websites
Sleep Patterns and Challenges
Abstract
Introduction
Sleep–Wake Regulation
Developmental Changes to Sleep–Wake Patterns
Developmental Changes to Sleep–Wake Regulatory Systems
Summarizing the Problems with the Construct of Social Intelligence
Social Intelligence in Adolescence
Relationships with EI
Trait EI
Trait Social Intelligence
See also
Glossary
Further Reading
Relevant Websites
Social Support
Abstract
Acknowledgments
Introduction
Definitions and Sources of Social Support
The Scope of Research on Understanding Social Support
Measuring Social Support
Research Examples Using Social Support to Explore Developmental Outcomes
Social Support Interventions
Conclusion
See also
Glossary
Further Reading
Socialization
Abstract
Introduction
Processes
Socialization Agents
Conclusions
See also
Glossary
Further Reading
Spirituality, Religion and Healthy Development in Adolescents
Abstract
Indroduction
The Problem of Defining Spirituality
Measurement Tools
Defining the Adolescent Population
Understanding Spiritual Development
Rites of Passages
Models of Spiritual and Religious Development
Parenting, Peers, and Spirituality
Adolescent Morbidity and Mortality
Spirituality as a Protective Factor for Adolescents
Areas for Future Study
See also
Glossary
Further Reading
Sport Participation
Abstract
Introduction
Sport and Health
Participation and Dropout
Affective Outcomes
Social Influences
Conclusions
See also
Glossary
Further Reading
Relevant Websites
Stages of Adolescence
Abstract
Introduction
Stages of Adolescence from Different Perspectives
Emerging Adulthood
Conclusion
See also
Glossary
Further Reading
Relevant Websites
Stress
Abstract
Introduction
Defining Stress in Adolescence
Assessing Stressors in Adolescents
Rates and Types of Stressors Affecting Adolescents
Effects of Stressors on Adolescent Mental Health
Associations Between Stressors and Other Outcomes in Adolescence
Summary and Conclusion
See also
Glossary
Further Reading
Relevant Websites
Suicide
Abstract
Introduction
Epidemiology
Theories of Suicide
Risk Factors
Assessment
Intervention
Conclusions
See also
Glossary
Further Reading
Relevant Websites
T
Tobacco use
Abstract
Introduction
Epidemiology of Tobacco Use
Influences on Tobacco Use
Reducing Tobacco Use
Conclusion
See also
Glossary
Further Reading
Relevant Websites
Transitions into Adolescence
Abstract
Introduction
Transitioning into Adolescence: Developmental Milestones and Social Contexts
Developmental Milestones
Contemporary Challenges in the Transition into Adolescence
Conclusions
See also
Glossary
Further Reading
Transitions to Adulthood
Abstract
Introduction
Making the Transition
Education and Work in the Transition to Adulthood
Relations with Parents in the Transition to Adulthood
Intimacy and Relationships in the Transition to Adulthood
Risky Behaviors and Mental Health in the Transition to Adulthood
Continuities in Adaptation from Childhood Through Young Adulthood
Conclusion
See also
Glossary
Further Reading
Relevant Websites
V
Vocational Training
Abstract
Introduction
Purposes of Vocational Training for Young People
Vocational Training and National Systems of Education
Apprenticeship as a Model of Learning
Transfer, Situated Learning, and a Radical Approach to Vocational Training
Vocational Training Practitioners
Vocational Training and Identity Formation
Conclusions
See also
Glossary
Further Reading
Y
Youth Gangs
Abstract
Introduction
Prevalence of Youth Gangs and Gang Membership
Correlates and Causes of Youth Gang Membership
Gangs, Violence, and Victimization
Reasons for Joining the Gang
Leaving the Gang
Responses to Youth Gangs and Gang Violence
See also
Glossary
Further Reading
Relevant Websites
Subject Index
Author Index
No. of pages: 1294
Language: English
Edition: 1
Published: June 1, 2011
Imprint: Academic Press
Hardback ISBN: 9780123739155
BB
B. Bradford Brown
Dr. Bradford Brown is Professor of Human Development and former Chair of the Department of Educational Psychology at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. He received an A.B. in sociology from Princeton University and Ph.D. in human development from the University of Chicago before joining the faculty of the University of Wisconsin in 1979.
Dr. Brown's research has focused on adolescent peer relations. He is especially well known for his work on teenage peer groups and peer pressure and their influence on school achievement, social interaction pasterns, and social adjustment. He is the former Editor of the Journal of Research on Adolescence and a past member of the Executive Council of the Society for Research on Adolescence. He also chaired (2006-2008) the SRA Study Group on Parental Involvement in Adolescent Peer Relations. He is the co-editor or co-author of five books, including The Development of Romantic Relationships in Adolescence (with Wyndol Furman and Candice Feiring), The World's Youth: Adolescence in 8 Regions of the Globe (with Reed Larson and T. S. Saraswathi), and Linking Parents and Family to Adolescent Peer Relations: Ethnic and Cultural Considerations (with Nina Mounts). Dr. Brown has served as a consultant for numerous groups, including the Carnegie Council on Adolescent Development, the National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy, the National Academy of Sciences Board on Science Education as well as the Board on Children, Youth and Families, and the Blue Ribbons Schools program of the U.S. Department of Education.
Affiliations and expertise
Professor of Human Development and former Chair of the Department of Educational Psychology at the University of Wisconsin-Madison.
MP
Mitchell J. Prinstein
Mitchell J. Prinstein, Ph.D. is a Bowman and Gordon Gray Distinguished Term Professor and the Director of Clinical Psychology at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. He received his Ph.D. in clinical psychology from the University of Miami and completed his internship and postdoctoral fellowship at the Brown University Clinical Psychology Training Consortium.
Dr. Prinstein's research examines interpersonal models of internalizing symptoms and health risk behaviors among adolescents, with a specific focus on the unique role of peer relationships in the developmental psychopathology of depression and self-injury. He is the PI on several past and active grants from the National Institute of Mental Health, the National Institute of Child and Human Development, and several private foundations. He has served as an Associate Editor for the Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, an editorial board member for several developmental psychopathology journals, and a member of the NIH Study Section on Psychosocial Development, Risk, and Prevention. Mitch has received several national and university-based awards recognizing his contributions to research (American Psychological Association Society of Clinical Psychology Theodore Blau Early Career Award, Columbia University/Brickell Award for research on suicidality, APA Fellow of the Society of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology), teaching (UNC Chapel Hill Tanner Award for Undergraduate Teaching), and professional development of graduate students (American Psychological Association of Graduate Students Raymond D. Fowler Award).
Affiliations and expertise
Bowman and Gordon Gray Distinguished Term Professor and the Director of Clinical Psychology at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.