EMC for Product Designers

EMC for Product Designers: Meeting the European EMC Directives is a six-chapter text that considers the by-product of the co-existence of all kinds of radio services, called electromagnetic compatibility (EMC). This book discusses the solution to the damaging frequency interference of EMC and the problem of EMC to electronic equipment. The opening chapter considers the effect of adapting the EMC Directives to decrease the economic damage being caused by electromagnetic interference, as well as the analysis, definition, and compliance of EMC and EMC Directives. The next chapters deal with the measurement of EMC; RF emission testing; features of circuits, layout, and grounding; digital and analogue circuit design; and description of interfaces, filtering, and shielding. These topics are followed by discussion of the equipment for mains harmonic emission, the facilities and equipment for measuring RF susceptibility, and the transient susceptibility to ESD. The concluding chapters examine the use of performance criteria in measuring EMC. These chapters describe the features and application of the Fourier spectrum.
The book can provide useful information to economists, engineers, radio technicians, students, and researchers.

Preface

Chapter 1 Introduction

What Is EMC?

Compatibility between Systems

The Scope of EMC

The Compatibility Gap

The EMC Directive

The New Approach Directives

Background to the Legislation

Scope, Requirements and Exceptions

The CE Mark and the Declaration of Conformity

Manufacturing Quality Assessment

Systems and Installations

Enforcement and Sanctions

Compliance with the Directive

Self Certification

The Technical Construction File

The Transition Period

Telecommunications Terminal Equipment

Testing and the Competent Body

Standards

Action for Compliance

Chapter 2 Standards

The Standards Making Bodies

The International Electrotechnical Commission

CENELEC

Standards Relating to the EMC Directive - Emissions

EN 50 081 Part

pr EN 50 081 Part 2

EN 55 O11

EN 55 013

EN 55 014

EN 55 015

EN 55 022

EN 60 555 Parts 2 and 3

Standards Relating to the EMC Directive - Immunity

EN 50 082 Part 1

pr EN 50 082 part 2

pr EN 50 093

EN 55 020*

pr EN 55 101

IEC 801

Other Standards

FCC Rules

German Standards

Other Non-Harmonized Standards

RF Emissions Limits

Chapter 3 EMC Measurements

RF Emissions Testing

Measurement Instrumentation

Transducers

Facilities

Test Methods

Sources of Uncertainty

RF Susceptibility

Equipment

Facilities

Test Methods

Conducted RF Susceptibility

ESD And Transient Susceptibility

ESD

Transients

Sources of Uncertainty

Evaluation of Results

Performance Criteria

Mains Harmonic Emission

Equipment

Test Conditions

Chapter 4 Interference Coupling Mechanisms

Source and Victim

Common Impedance Coupling

Mains Coupling

Radiated Coupling

Emissions

Radiated Emissions

Conducted Emissions

Mains Harmonics

Susceptibility

Radiated Field

Transients

Electrostatic Discharge

Magnetic Fields

Supply Voltage Fluctuations

Chapter 5 Circuits, Layout and Grounding

Layout and Grounding

System Partitioning

Grounding

Ground Systems

PCB Layout

Ground Plane

Loop Area

Configuring I/O Grounds

Rules for Ground Layout

Digital and Analog Circuit Design

The Fourier Spectrum

Radiation from Logic Circuits

Analog Circuit Emissions

The Switching Power Supply

Design for Immunity - Digital Circuits

Logic Noise Immunity

The Microprocessor Watchdog

Defensive Programming

Transient and RF Immunity - Analog Circuits

Chapter 6 Interfaces, Filtering and Shielding

Cables and Connectors

Cable Segregation and Returns

Cable Screens at Low Frequencies

Cable Screens at RF

Types of Cable Screen

Screened Cable Connections

Unscreened Cables

Filtering

Filter Configuration

Components

Mains Filters

Ι/Ο Filtering

Transient Suppression

Contact Suppression

Shielding

Shielding Theory

The Effect of Apertures

Shielding Hardware

Appendix A Design Checklist

Appendix Β EMC Test and Control Plans

Control Plan

The Purpose of the Control Plan

Contents

Test Plan

The Need for a Test Plan

Contents

Test and Calibration Procedures

Susceptibility Criteria

Appendix C Useful Tables and Formula

The Decibel

Antennas

Fields

Shielding

Capacitance, Inductance and PCB Layout

Filters

Fourier Series

Appendix D CAD For EMC

Overview

Available Packages

Circuit CAD

Appendix Ε The EC And EFTA Countries

The European Community

The European Free Trade Association

Glossary

Bibliography

Index