Embrittlement of Engineering Alloys

1st Edition - September 28, 1983
Editor: C. L. Briant
Language: English
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 1 - 4 8 3 2 - 8 8 6 5 - 9

Treatise on Materials Science and Technology, Volume 25: Embrittlement of Engineering Alloys is an 11-chapter text that describes some situations that produce premature failure of… Read more

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Treatise on Materials Science and Technology, Volume 25: Embrittlement of Engineering Alloys is an 11-chapter text that describes some situations that produce premature failure of several engineering alloys, including steels and nickel- and aluminum-base alloys. Chapters 1 to 3 consider situations where improper alloy composition, processing, and/or heat treatment can lead to a degradation of mechanical properties, even in the absence of an aggressive environment or an elevated temperature. Chapters 4 and 5 examine the effect of elevated temperatures on the mechanical properties of both ferrous and nonferrous alloys. Chapters 6 and 7 discuss the effects of corrosive environments on both stressed and unstressed materials. In these environments anodic dissolution is the primary step that leads to failure. Chapters 8 to 10 deal with the effects of aggressive environments that lead to enhanced decohesion or embrittlement of the metal, such as hydrogen, liquid metal, and irradiation-induced embrittlement. Chapter 11 looks into the embrittlement phenomena occurring during welding, one of the most common processing conditions to which a material could be subjected. This book will prove useful to materials scientists and researchers.

List Of Contributors

Preface

1 Grain-Boundary Embrittlement of Ni and Ni Alloys

I. Introduction

II. Embrittlement at Low and Intermediate Temperatures

III. Hot Workability of Ni Alloys

IV. Beneficial Elements

V. Summary

References

2 Intergranular Fracture in Ferrous Alloys in Nonaggressive Environments

I. Introduction

II. Experimental Studies

III. Theoretical Studies

IV. Future Research

References

3 The Effect of Second-Phase Particles on Fracture in Engineering Alloys

I. Introduction

II. Steels

III. Aluminum Alloys

IV. Superalloys

V. Titanium Alloys

VI. Concluding Remarks

References

4 Embrittlement of Ferrous Alloys under Creep Conditions

I. Introduction

II. Effects of Temperature, Strain Rate, and Stress State

III. Effects of Microstructure

IV. Grain-Boundary Impurity Effects

V.Summary

References

5 Environmental Embrittlement of High Temperature Alloys by Oxygen

I. Introduction

II. Oxygen Embrittlement by Prior Exposure

III. Prevention of Embrittlement

IV. Mechanisms of Oxygen Embrittlement

V. Embrittlement during Melting and Processing

VI. Embrittlement during Creep and Fatigue Testing

VII. Implications for Design and Life Prediction

References

6 Corrosion of Iron-Base Alloys

I. Foreword

II. Introduction to the Electrochemistry of Corrosion

III. Corrosion of Iron

IV. Stainless Steels

References

7 Stress Corrosion Cracking of Iron-Base Alloys in Aqueous Environments

I. Introduction

II. Subcritical Crack Propagation Mechanisms in Ductile Steel-Aqueous Environment Systems

III. Mechanistic Aspects of Cracking in Ductile Carbon, Low-Alloy, and Stainless Steels in Aqueous Environments

IV. Conclusions

References

8 Hydrogen Embrittlement

I. Introduction

II. The Process of Hydrogen Embrittlement

III. Hydrogen Embrittlement of Specific Structural Alloys

IV. Methods of Reducing the Susceptibility to Hydrogen Embrittlement

References

9 Liquid Metal Embrittlement

I. Introduction

II. Occurrence of Liquid Metal Embrittlement

III. Mechanisms of Liquid Metal Embrittlement

IV. Brittle Fracture in Liquid Metal Environments

V. Effects of Metallurgical and Physical Factors

VI. Effects of Liquid Metal Environments

VII. Summary

VIII. Suggestions for Future Work

References

Appendix. A Summary of Literature

Appendix References

10 Irradiation Embrittlement

I. Introduction

II. Potential Factors Influencing Alloy Irradiation Response

III. Radiation Effects Trends: Early Studies

IV. Observations of Variable Radiation Resistance

V. Sources of Variable Radiation Resistance

VI. Development of Improved (Radiation Resistant) Steels

VII. Reversal of Irradiation Effects to Properties

VIII. In-Service Monitoring of Radiation Effects

IX. Guides for Prediction of Property Changes by Irradiation

X. Standards Development Activities in Support of Radiation Service Applications

XI. Research Directions and Unresolved Issues

References

11. Embrittlement of Welds

I. Introduction

II. Hot Cracking

III. Intermediate Temperature Cracking

IV. Cold Cracking

V. Concluding Remarks

References

Index

Contents Of Previous Volumes