Electronics Reliability–Calculation and Design

Electronics Reliability–Calculation and Design provides an introduction to the fundamental concepts of reliability. The increasing complexity of electronic equipment has made problems in designing and manufacturing a reliable product more and more difficult. Specific techniques have been developed that enable designers to integrate reliability into their products, and reliability has become a science in its own right. The book begins with a discussion of basic mathematical and statistical concepts, including arithmetic mean, frequency distribution, median and mode, scatter or dispersion of measurements, and the normal and binomial distributions. Separate chapters deal with techniques for calculating equipment and system reliability; safety and derating factors; and the effects of constructional methods on reliability. Subsequent chapters cover environmental effects on reliability; improved reliability through microelectronics or integrated circuits; and failure rates for electronic components. Each chapter concludes with questions to enable students to test their understanding of the topics discussed.
This book offers students an introduction to the subject of reliability in a form that is easily assimilated. It also serves as a reference to the various aspects contributing towards increased reliability of both electronic equipment and complete systems.

Preface Acknowledgment 1 Basic Reliability Theory Means and Frequency Distributions Probability Theory, the Gaussian, Binomial, Exponential, Gamma and Weibull Distributions Confidence Limits, Goodness of Fit, the Chi-Square Distribution, Precision of Measurement Student's t Variance Ratio 2 Calculating Equipment and System Reliability The Exponential Law of Reliability Prediction of Reliability, Product Law of Reliability System Prediction from Failure Rates Calculation of Life Tests Determination of Confidence Limits 3 Safety and Derating Factors Reliability through Redundancy, Standby Redundancy, Parallel Redundancy, Group Redundancy Weight and Reliability Factors Reliability through Derating, Thermionic Valves, Semiconductors, Resistors, Capacitors, Transformers, Inductors, Relays 4 Reliability in Construction Inadequate design features Poor Performance under Adverse Conditions Constructional Techniques, Printed Wiring, Encapsulation, Connections Eliminating Mechanical Stress Cooling Techniques Sealing Problems Filling Gases 5 Environmental Effects Reliability Climatic Conditions in the World, Arctic, Tropical, Desert, Maritime, Upper Atmosphere Environmental Stresses, Vibration, Shock, Noise, Pressure, Radiation, Acceleration The Environment and it Effect on Electronics, High Temperature, Solar Radiation, Heat Dissipation, Low Temperature, Components, Humidity, Materials, Corrosion, Effects on Plastics 6 Reliabilty Through Microelectronics Subdivisions of Microelectronics Thin Film Integrated Circuits, Materials, Resistors and Capacitors, Transistors Photolithographic Techniques Connections; Semiconductor Integrated Circuits, Materials, Epitaxy, Masking and Diffusion Techniques; Hybrid Circuits; Reliability Evaluation of Thin Film and Semiconductor Integrated Circuits 7 Failure Rates for Electronic C